Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Some Finnish Distribution Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas, total coliforms, faecal streptococci, molds and yeasts in distribution systems of two surface water, two artificial groundwater and two groundwater supplies was examined three times during one year. All water samples studied were free of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and faecal streptococci in 100 ml. Total coliforms were detected in water distributed from one groundwater supply. Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae in the concentration range <1 - 32 cfu/100 ml also occurred in distributed water from the same supply. Molds and yeasts were frequently found in piped water from all watenvorks. The concentration of molds exceeded 100 cfu/100 ml in two sampling points. The differences in heterotrophic plate counts were greater between different sampling points of the same surface water supplies than between waterworks with different raw water origins. Over 80 % of the isolated strains of heterotrophic bacteria from different sampling locations were gram-negative and 57 % were oxidase-negative. The identified gram-negative strains belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Alcaiigenes and Flavobacterium. The majority of strains (64 %) remained unidentified with the biochemical tests used.

Occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in cold and hot water distribution systems using water of different quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi M. Zacheus ◽  
Pertti J. Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Water Plants

The microbiological quality of cold and hot water samples of 67 Finnish buildings was studied. Most of the buildings were apartment buildings receiving their cold water from municipal groundwater or surface water plants. Disinfection with chlorine was applied in all the surface water plants and 33% of the groundwater plants. Water samples in buildings were taken from incoming cold water, from the hot water main just before and after the heat exchanger, and from a tap or shower in an apartment. The viable counts of mesophilic bacteria and fungi and total cell counts were higher in cold than in hot water samples. In hot water, the microbial counts were higher in samples from taps and showers than from the mains. In taps and showers, the decrease in hot water temperature probably increased the microbial numbers. Thermophilic bacteria appeared with high numbers in all the hot water samples, but thermophilic fungi were found in only one sample. Bacterial biomass and mean cell volume were greater in processed surface water than in processed groundwater samples. Disinfection with chlorine reduced the viable plate counts, although the chlorine concentration was extremely low in the water samples studied.Key words: heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, distribution system, groundwater, surface water.

scholarly journals Use of 16s rRNA to identify non-lactose-fermenting bacilli and molecular detection of ESBL resistance genes associated with hospital-acquired infection in Soba University Hospital, Sudan

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Wissam Ahmed Al Hag ◽  
Hana Elbadawi ◽  
Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Non-lactose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NLFGNB) have become significant nosocomial pathogens and often exhibit intrinsic multidrug resistance. Sequencing of 16s rRNA genes could be utilized for robust identification of NLFGNB. This study aimed to identify resistant NLFGNB associated with hospital-acquired infections using 16s rRNA sequencing and to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes of isolates in Soba Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, laboratory-based study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018 at the Microbiology Department of Soba University Hospital. A total of 100 randomly selected NLFGNB samples were isolated from blood and urine during the time of the study. All the isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests and antimicrobial sensitivity testing, 16s rRNA gene sequencing, and bioinformatics techniques. Results: The biochemical tests revealed that, out of the 100 NLFGNB isolates, the Pseudomonas species was predominant (57 isolates), followed by gram-negative bacilli (33 isolates), Coccobacilli (9 isolates) and Coliform (1 isolate) species. Sequencing of 16s rRNA genes identified all the resistant isolates at the species level: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26%), Acinetobacter baumannii (22%), Burkholderia cepacia (13%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (10%), Enterococcus species (E. faecalis, E. faecium) (10%), and other GNB (Acinetobacter variabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Escherichia fergusonii, Enterobacter hormaechei and Pseudomonas stutzeri) (19%). The antimicrobial susceptibility tests indicated that 31 isolates were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics and contain the highest level of ESBL resistance genes. Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most widely recognized NLFGNB identified from hospital-acquired infections in Soba hospital. Among the NLFGNB, antimicrobial resistance and ESBL resistance genes were observed at a high frequency.

scholarly journals Gram-Negative Bacteria from Organic and Conventional Agriculture in the Hydrographic Basin of Loja: Quality or Pathogen Reservoir?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2362
Author(s):  
Darío Cruz ◽  
Rodrigo Cisneros ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
Wilson Zúñiga-Sarango ◽  
Jhoan Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Gram Negative

Organic and conventional agriculture are vital for the development of human society; however, the use of contaminated water and the inappropriate use of organic chemical fertilizers can lead to an increase in the microbial load (potentially pathogenic) of the normal microbiota of the agricultural soil. In this context, the aim of our study was to isolate Gram-negative bacteria from the superficial soil layer and irrigation water of agricultural areas (11 organic farms and nine conventional farms) and consider their potential ecological and health risk importance. Through culture isolation using three bacterial media (TSA) trypticase soy agar (general nutritive media); MacConkey Gram-negative bacteria and (EMB) eosin methylene blue agar (selective for Enterobacteriaceae) and classical biochemical tests, we recorded a total of 12 bacterial species, most belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, such as Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella and Shigella, which can be pathogenic for humans and animals. In contrast, bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and Burkholderia mallei could facultatively work as diazotrophic or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Soil bacteria richness detected with the media applied was significantly higher than water bacteria, but we found no significant differences between organic and conventional agriculture. We conclude that the isolated bacteria in water and soil mostly belongs to enteropathogenic bacteria which could be pathogenic to animals and humans. While other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be viewed as useful by improving nutrient availability in agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Water quality in individual groundwater supply systems in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e65
Author(s):  
Silvana Isabel Schneider ◽  
Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski ◽  
Debora Seben ◽  
Kananda Cabral Menegazzo ◽  
Arci Dirceu Wastowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Sampling Points

This study aimed to evaluate the potability of drinking water in ten municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, distributed in rural and urban areas, with three different sources: springs, shallow wells, and deep wells. The water quality parameters analyzed from 2017 to 2019 were: pH, temperature, apparent and true color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate, total phosphorus, total iron, fluoride, biochemical oxygen demand, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. A macroscopic analysis was also conducted in the surrounding of sampling points. According to the Brazilian and the WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, some of the analyzed variables, in some sampling points, were in disagreement with the current both guidelines, which are pH, apparent color, turbidity, total iron, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The surveillance showed that the deeper the water is abstracted the less are natural and anthropogenic interferences in physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the water; and the protection of the location where the water is abstracted improves its quality. Nonetheless, for the sampled waters it is necessary a disinfection process for posterior human consumption.

EVALUATION THE EFFECT OF PRODIGIOSIN ON ALGD EXPRESSION IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2265-2276
Author(s):  
Safiya Saad Dhaif ◽  
Nagham Shakir Al-Attar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vitek 2

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of prodigiosin on P. aeruginosa' s biofilm genes involved in the pathogenicity and persistency of the bacteria; Materials and methods: Gram negative bacterial isolates were taken from burn and wounds specimen obtained from some of Baghdad hospitals. Forty six isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and four isolates as Serratia marcescens by using biochemical tests and VITEK 2 compact system. Susceptibility test was performed for all P. aeruginosa isolates, the results showed that 100% were resistant to Amikacin and 98% were sensitive to Meropenem. Resistant isolates were tested for biofilm formation; the strong and moderate isolates (17) were detected by PCR for AlgD gene presence. From 17 isolates only two had AlgD gene. All serratia isolates were screened for prodigiosin production, which were extracted from the best producer isolate. Minimal inhibitory concentration was assessed for prodigiosin and ciprofloxacin and synergism between them against the two isolates of P. aeruginosa. Results and conclusions: The results showed that the synergistic effect decreased MIC of both prodigiosin and ciprofloxacin by combination, and reduction of biofilm formation was detected. RNA was extracted from the two selected isolates as control in addition to three treatments. The result of quantitative real time PCR showed down regulation in the AlgD gene expression level under some treatments, while there was no gene expression in most treatments with both sub-MICs treatment

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF WAD MEDANI EMERGENCY HOSPITAL, GEZIRA STATE, SUDAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
WALEED ELSIDDIG MOHAMMED ◽  
HASSABELRASOUL ELFADIL HASSAN ◽  
MIRGHANI ABDELRHMAN YOUSIF
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Objective: The objective of the present study was primarily to identify the sources and types of bacterial contamination associated with hospital-acquired infections in the intensive care unit and to investigate the sensitivity pattern of isolated bacteria to prescribed antibiotics of Wad Medani Emergency Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan. Methods: A total of 50 swab samples were obtained from 14 different sites, including inanimate objects as well as nurses’ hands in the ICU. Identification of the bacterial isolates was performed utilizing Gram’s staining test and standard biochemical tests; likewise, the respective antimicrobial sensitivity was determined based on the guidelines recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Showed the prevalence of Gram-positive isolates as Coagulase-negative staphylococci (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Bacillus spp (15%), and Streptococcus spp (4%). On the other hand, the Gram negative isolates were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%), \Kliebsiella pneumoniae (7%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), and Enterobacter spp.(5%). Floor, Monitors, Patients’ oxygen masks and infusion-stands as well as nurses’ hands, were the most contaminated sites. Staphylococci showed a reasonable sensitivity response to Gentamicin and Vancomycin and high resistance to Erythromycin and Co-trimoxazole; whereas Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to first and second-generation Cephalosporins and demonstrated good sensitivity pattern to Gentamicin and Meropenem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed reasonable sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Findings of the study demonstrated high bacterial contamination levels in ICU. 

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine to some antibiotics

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Ali Salih , M. Abdulbary And A.S. Abdulrida
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chronic Uti ◽  
Urine Specimens

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of genus Pseudomonas that it is Gram – negative , glucose - nonfermenting aerobic rod , isolated from chronic UTI . It is resistant to high concentration of salts and dyes , weak antiseptics and commonly used antibiotics. Because of the increasing in drug – resistant of strains of P. aeruginosa especially that which isolated from UTI, this study was done among the patients attending hospitals in Al-Najaf city during January to December 2009 to maintain the susceptibility pattern of organism isolated from urine specimens. A total 72(100%) samples of P. aeruginosa were isolated from urine specimens of patients. The bacteria isolated were identified by colony morphology , microscopy and relevant biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was tested using standard guidelines. Almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to Amikacin(100%) , Norfloxacin(86% ( Ciprofloxacin(83 %) & Tobramycin(83%) but highly resistant to Doxycycline

Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by OprD Gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Ashwak B Al-Hashimy ◽  
Huda S Alagely ◽  
Akeel K Albuaji ◽  
Khalid R Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Specific Sequences

The present study included the collection of 100 samples from various clinical sources for investigating the presence of P. aeruginosa in those sources, the samples have been collected from some hospitals in Baghdad and Hillah city (Al-qassim General Hospital, ,Al-hillah teaching hospital,and Al-hashimya General hospital ) which included wounds, burns, ear and sputum infections. The study was carried out through October 2017 till the end of March 2018. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing or number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to P.aeruginosa bacteria during previous tests based on the OprD gene which has specific sequences for P.aeruginosa bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance . The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 18 of burns, 11 isolates of wounds, 6 isolates of ear infection and 3 isolates of sputum, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for elected 38 isolation towards the 9 antibiotic by a Bauer - Kirby and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as Ciprofloxacin 65.7%, Norflaxacin 71%, Imipenem 63.1% Meropenem 68.4%, Gentamicin 65.7%, Amikacin 26.3%, Cefepime 68.4%, Ceftazidime 65.7% and Piperacillin 57.8%.Molecular method , All isolates (38) of P. aeruginosa positive for the diagnostic special gene (OprD) genes (100%).

scholarly journals MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump Interaction with the Peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5328
Author(s):  
Miao Ma ◽  
Margaux Lustig ◽  
Michèle Salem ◽  
Dominique Mengin-Lecreulx ◽  
Gilles Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Active Efflux

One of the major families of membrane proteins found in prokaryote genome corresponds to the transporters. Among them, the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporters are highly studied, as being responsible for one of the most problematic mechanisms used by bacteria to resist to antibiotics, i.e., the active efflux of drugs. In Gram-negative bacteria, these proteins are inserted in the inner membrane and form a tripartite assembly with an outer membrane factor and a periplasmic linker in order to cross the two membranes to expulse molecules outside of the cell. A lot of information has been collected to understand the functional mechanism of these pumps, especially with AcrAB-TolC from Escherichia coli, but one missing piece from all the suggested models is the role of peptidoglycan in the assembly. Here, by pull-down experiments with purified peptidoglycans, we precise the MexAB-OprM interaction with the peptidoglycan from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting a role of the peptidoglycan in stabilizing the MexA-OprM complex and also differences between the two Gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycans.

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