Ammonium and nitrate removal in vegetated and unvegetated gravel bed microcosm wetlands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Tong ◽  
F. J. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Organic C ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Tennessee Valley Authority, Alabama, USA, in the summer of 1993 to investigate ammonium and nitrate removal processes in constructed wetlands. Microcosm wetlands cells were used in the study and consisted of plastic containers with 0.4 × 0.35 m2 surface area and 0.5 m depth. Two separate experiments were conducted. One experiment analyzed NH4-N removal and the other analyzed NO3-N removal. Nutrient solutions containing approximately 48 mg/l NH4-N or NO3-N were added in a batch mode to the wetland microcosms and the solution chemistry was analyzed with time. Treatments consisted of unplanted cells or cells planted with canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), reed (Phragmites communis), bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens georgianus) or typha (Typha latifolia). Another treatment consisted of added nutrient solutions containing or not containing C at 112 mg/l. In the NH4-N removal experiment, the rate of NH4-N removal occurred in the order: reed > canarygrass = bulrush > typha ≫ unplanted in wetland cells with and without C. The order of NH4-N removal was believed to be associated with the density of root biomass in the gravel. The greater the root biomass, the greater the chance for plant N uptake or nitrification mediated by O2 transport to the rhizosphere. In the NO3-N experiment, the rate of NO3-N removal occurred in the order: reed = canarygrass > typha = bulrush > unplanted cells. Labelled K15NO3 was used to trace the NO3-N removal process. By measuring the 15N in the plant biomass, the quantity of NO3-N removed via plant uptake was delineated from combined removal processes of denitrification and immobilization. In the treatments with C, 55 to 70% of the NO3-N was removed via denitrification and immobilzation. For bulrush, reed and typha, the quantity of NO3-N removed via denitrification and immobilization without added C was reduced to 14 to 30%. However, NO3-N removal via denitrification and immobilization remained high at 72% of added NO3-N in canarygrass cells due to high concentrations of organic C released from the canarygrass roots (15-20 mg/l C) that apparently did not limit denitrification or immobilization.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Seaweed Polysaccharides Stimulating Denitrifying Bacteria for Safer Nitrate Removal

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3390
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Lin Song ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Weak Efficiency ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Intensively Managed

Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in intensively managed agriculture has resulted in abundant accumulation of nitrate in soil, which limits agriculture sustainability. How to reduce nitrate content is the key to alleviate secondary soil salinization. However, the microorganisms used in soil remediation cause some problems such as weak efficiency and short survival time. In this study, seaweed polysaccharides were used as stimulant to promote the rapid growth and safer nitrate removal of denitrifying bacteria. Firstly, the growth rate and NO3−-N removal capacity of three kinds of denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (BS), Pseudomonas stutzeri (PS) and Pseudomonas putida (PP), were compared. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis (BS) had a faster growth rate and stronger nitrate removal ability. We then studied the effects of Enteromorpha linza polysaccharides (EP), carrageenan (CA), and sodium alginate (AL) on growth and denitrification performance of Bacillus subtilis (BS). The results showed that seaweed polysaccharides obviously promoted the growth of Bacillus subtilis (BS), and accelerated the reduction of NO3−-N. More importantly, the increased NH4+-N content could avoid excessive loss of nitrogen, and less NO2−-N accumulation could avoid toxic effects on plants. This new strategy of using denitrifying bacteria for safely remediating secondary soil salinization has a great significance.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal processes in lakes of different trophic states from on-site measurements and historic data

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Müller ◽  
Raoul Thoma ◽  
Kathrin B. L. Baumann ◽  
Cameron M. Callbeck ◽  
Carsten J. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Central Switzerland ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Nitrogen ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Sediment Interface

AbstractFreshwater lakes are essential hotspots for the removal of excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads transported from the land to coastal oceans. The biogeochemical processes responsible for N removal, the corresponding transformation rates and overall removal efficiencies differ between lakes, however, it is unclear what the main controlling factors are. Here, we investigated the factors that moderate the rates of N removal under contrasting trophic states in two lakes located in central Switzerland. In the eutrophic Lake Baldegg and the oligotrophic Lake Sarnen, we specifically examined seasonal sediment porewater chemistry, organic matter sedimentation rates, as well as 33-year of historic water column data. We find that the eutrophic Lake Baldegg, which contributed to the removal of 20 ± 6.6 gN m−2 year−1, effectively removed two-thirds of the total areal N load. In stark contrast, the more oligotrophic Lake Sarnen contributed to 3.2 ± 4.2 gN m−2 year−1, and had removed only one-third of the areal N load. The historic dataset of the eutrophic lake revealed a close linkage between annual loads of dissolved N (DN) and removal rates (NRR = 0.63 × DN load) and a significant correlation of the concentration of bottom water nitrate and removal rates. We further show that the seasonal increase in N removal rates of the eutrophic lake correlated significantly with seasonal oxygen fluxes measured across the water–sediment interface (R2 = 0.75). We suggest that increasing oxygen enhances sediment mineralization and stimulates nitrification, indirectly enhancing denitrification activity.

EFFECT OF WHEAT, LEGUME AND LEGUME-ENRICHED WHEAT RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM AND SOIL FERTILITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Green Manuring

Field experiments were conducted for two crop years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of enriching wheat residue with legume residue on the productivity and nitrogen uptake of a rice-wheat cropping system and soil fertility. The incorporation of wheat residue had an adverse effect on the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system. When it was incorporated along with Sesbania green manure, not only did its adverse effect disappear but the response to fertilizer N was also increased. There was no response to fertilizer N when Sesbania green manure was incorporated. When wheat residue was incorporated along with Sesbania green manuring, rice responded significantly to fertilizer N up to 120 kg N ha-1 in the first year and to 60 kgN ha-1 in the second year and at these levels of N, Sesbania + wheat residue gave 0.8 to 1.2 t ha-1 more grain, 0.6-1.0 t ha-1 more straw and 8-15 kg ha-1 more N uptake of rice resulting in 0.04-0.17% more organic C, 3-8 kg ha-1 more available P and 17-25 kg ha-1 more available K content in the soil than wheat residue alone at the same rates of N application. The respective increaseas caused by Sesbania green manure + wheat residue over Sesbania green manure alone were 0.3-0.5 t ha-1 in the grain and straw yield, 1-9 kg ha-1 in the N uptake of rice, 0.02-0.10% in organic C, 1-8 kg ha-1 in available P and 35- 70 kg ha-1 in available K content in the soil. These treatments also gave higher residual effects in succeeding wheat than wheat residue alone. The incorporation of residues of both wheat and Sesbania is thus recommended to eliminate the adverse effect of wheat residue and to increase the beneficial effects of Sesbania green manuring.

scholarly journals Nitrogen cycling in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie: oscillations between strong and weak export and implications for harmful algal blooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2891-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateri R. Salk ◽  
George S. Bullerjahn ◽  
Robert Michael L. McKay ◽  
Justin D. Chaffin ◽  
Nathaniel E. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Budget ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
N Loading

Abstract. Recent global water quality crises point to an urgent need for greater understanding of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) and their drivers. Nearshore areas of Lake Erie such as Sandusky Bay may become seasonally limited by nitrogen (N) and are characterized by distinct cHAB compositions (i.e., Planktothrix over Microcystis). This study investigated phytoplankton N uptake pathways, determined drivers of N depletion, and characterized the N budget in Sandusky Bay. Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, N fixation, and N removal processes were quantified by stable isotopic approaches. Dissimilatory N reduction was a relatively modest N sink, with denitrification, anammox, and N2O production accounting for 84, 14, and 2 % of sediment N removal, respectively. Phytoplankton assimilation was the dominant N uptake mechanism, and NO3- uptake rates were higher than NH4+ uptake rates. Riverine N loading was sometimes insufficient to meet assimilatory and dissimilatory demands, but N fixation alleviated this deficit. N fixation made up 23.7–85.4 % of total phytoplankton N acquisition and indirectly supports Planktothrix blooms. However, N fixation rates were surprisingly uncorrelated with NO3- or NH4+ concentrations. Owing to temporal separation in sources and sinks of N to Lake Erie, Sandusky Bay oscillates between a conduit and a filter of downstream N loading to Lake Erie, delivering extensively recycled forms of N during periods of low export. Drowned river mouths such as Sandusky Bay are mediators of downstream N loading, but climate-change-induced increases in precipitation and N loading will likely intensify N export from these systems.

Biogeochemical indicators to evaluate pollutant removal efficiency in constructed wetlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Reddy ◽  
E. M. D'Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Biogeochemical Indicators

Wetlands support several aerobic and anaerobic biogeochemical processes that regulate removal/retention of pollutants, which has encouraged the intentional use of wetlands for pollutant abatement. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of key processes regulating pollutant removal and identify potential indicators that can be measured to evaluate treatment efficiency. Carbon and toxic organic compound removal efficiency can be determined by measuring soil or water oxygen demand, microbial biomass, soil Eh and pH. Similarly, nitrate removal can be predicted by dissolved organic C and microbial biomass. Phosphorus retention can be described by the availability of reactive Fe and Al in acid soils and Ca and Mg in alkaline soils. Relationships between soil processes and indicators are useful tools to transfer mechanistic information between diverse types of wetland treatment systems.

scholarly journals Organic Matter Composition of Digestates Has a Stronger Influence on N2O Emissions than the Supply of Ammoniacal Nitrogen

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215
Author(s):  
Ioana Petrova Petrova ◽  
Carola Pekrun ◽  
Kurt Möller
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Processing Chain ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Release Potential ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Manures can be treated by solid–liquid separation and more sophisticated, subsequent approaches. These processes generate fertilizers, which may differ in composition and N2O release potential. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of processing-related changes in digestate composition on soil-derived N2O emissions after application to soil. For that purpose, N2O emissions within the first 7 weeks after fertilization with two raw and eight processed digestates (derived from solid–liquid separation, drying and pelletizing of separated solid, and vacuum evaporation of separated liquid) were measured in the field in 2015 and 2016. Additionally, an incubation experiment was run for 51 days to further investigate the effect of subsequent solid and liquid processing on soil-derived N2O release. The results showed that, only in 2016, the separation of digestate into solid and liquid fractions led to a decrease in N2O emissions in the following order: raw digestate > separated liquid > separated solid. N removal during subsequent processing of separated solid and liquid did not significantly influence the N2O emissions after fertilization. In contrast, the concentrated application of the final products led to contradictory results. Within the solid processing chain, utilization of pellets considerably increased the N2O emissions by factors of 2.7 (field, 2015), 3.5 (field, 2016), and 7.3 (incubation) compared to separated solid. Fertilization with N-rich ammonium sulfate solution led to the lowest emissions within the liquid processing chain. It can be concluded that the input of less recalcitrant organic C into the soil plays a greater role in N2O release after fertilization than the input of ammoniacal N. Digestate processing did not generally reduce emissions but apparently has the potential to mitigate N2O emissions substantially if managed properly.

scholarly journals Construction, Operation And Evaluation Of A Compact Upright Bioreactor For The Elimination Of Nutrients (CUBEN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Reza
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Property Price ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Water Quality Issue

Eutrophication is reported as the most important water quality issue around the world. The potential death of Lake Winnipeg, the world's ninth largest lake, is a dramatic exampe of this ecological disater in Canda. Property price devaluation, tourist repulsion, and toxicity due to eutrophication cause the annual economic losses over $3 billion in Europe, South and North America. The objective of this thesis is to develop an efficient biological nutrient removal reactor to be commercialized and used in the water/wastewater treatment industry. This bioreactor has a unique configuration which is filed as a US patent technology called "Compact Upright Bioreactor for the Elimination of Nutrients", invented by M. Alvarez Cuenca and M. Reza. It consists of four stages including Deaeration, Anoxic, Anaerobic and Aerobic where Do removal, denitrification and phosphorus removal processes take place respectively. The bioreactor performs very well obtaining 100% Do removal and 98% nitrate removal efficiency. The phosphorus removal process requires much longer operational period to reach steady state. The phosphorus removal process shows variable results having a maximum of 60% removal success.

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