Which policies can stop large scale eutrophication?

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
New Policies

During a few decades, many fresh and marine water areas have been seriously affected by eutrophication, due to increasing discharges of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from modern society. The aim of this paper is to discuss the policies that are used and have been suggested to reduce eutrophication, and the factors counteracting these efforts. Policy options to reduce the fluxes of nutrients from point and non-point sources are summarized. A number of processes and mechanisms counteract the control measures taken so far, namely: the growing world population, the increasing urbanization, the intensive land independent animal production, the over-consumption of N and P, the emissions of N to the atmosphere, and the losses of P from P-enriched sediments. It is concluded that the driving force for eutrophication, the losses of nutrients from food production, organic waste, sewage, sludge and ashes can be expected to increase during the coming decades, as the world population continues to grow. Strong policies are needed to promote birth control, and to stop over-consumption of N (animal protein) and unnecessary intake of P (food additives). There is a number of barriers to overcome to reduce large-scale eutrophication, but also a lot of space for new policies and innovation.

scholarly journals Will We Soon Run Out of Water?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ghislain de Marsily
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Deficit ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Per Capita

In 2000, the World population was 6.2 billion; it reached 7 billion in 2012 and should reach 9.5 billion (±0.4) in 2050 and 11 billion (±1.5) in 2100, according to UN projections. The trend after 2100 is still one of global demographic growth, but after 2060, Africa would be the only continent where the population would still increase. The amount of water consumed annually to produce the food necessary to meet the needs varies greatly between countries, from about 600 to 2,500 m<sup>3</sup>/year per capita, depending on their wealth, their food habits (particularly meat consumption), and the percentage of food waste they generate. In 2000, the total food production was on the order of 3,300 million tons (in cereal equivalents). In 2019, about 0.8 billion inhabitants of the planet still suffer from hunger and do not get the nutrition they need to be in good health or, in the case of children, to grow properly (both physically and intellectually). Assuming a World average water consumption for food of 1,300 m<sup>3</sup>/year per capita in 2000, 1,400 m<sup>3</sup>/year in 2050, and 1,500 m<sup>3</sup>/year in 2100, a volume of water of around 8,200 km<sup>3</sup>/year was needed in 2000, 13,000 km<sup>3</sup>/year will be needed in 2050, and 16,500 km<sup>3</sup>/year in 2100. Will that much water be available on earth? Can there be conflicts related to a food deficit? Some preliminary answers and scenarios for food production will be given from a hydrologist viewpoint.

scholarly journals Sustainability in Data and Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Allemang
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Data Ecosystem ◽  
Global Data

As the world population continues to increase, world food production is not keeping up. This means that to continue to feed the world, we will need to optimize the production and utilization of food around the globe. Optimization of a process on a global scale requires massive data. Agriculture is no exception, but also brings its own unique issues, based on how wide spread agricultural data are, and the wide variety of data that is relevant to optimization of food production and supply. This suggests that we need a global data ecosystem for agriculture and nutrition. Such an ecosystem already exists to some extent, made up of data sets, metadata sets and even search engines that help to locate and utilize data sets. A key concept behind this is sustainability—how do we sustain our data sets, so that we can sustain our production and distribution of food? In order to make this vision a reality, we need to navigate the challenges for sustainable data management on a global scale. Starting from the current state of practice, how do we move forward to a practice in which we make use of global data to have an impact on world hunger? In particular, how do we find, collect and manage the data? How can this be effectively deployed to improve practice in the field? And how can we make sure that these practices are leading to the global goals of improving production, distribution and sustainability of the global food supply? These questions cannot be answered yet, but they are the focus of ongoing and future research to be published in this journal and elsewhere.

Use of Earthworm Biotechnology for the Management of Effluents from Intensively Housed Livestock

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Hartenstein ◽  
Michael S. Bisesi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
World Population ◽  
Productive Activities

With a rapidly expanding world population, growing use of intensive animal husbandry, and increasingly stringent waste disposal legislation, the problem of disposing of livestock effluent is already severe. This article discusses, both qualitatively and quantitatively, how such organic waste can be effectively disposed of on a large scale by systematically managing the destructive and productive activities of earthworms.

scholarly journals URBAN AGROTECHNOLOGIES (CITY-FARMING) AS A PERSPECTIVE BRANCH OF DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD AGRIBUSINESS AND THE WAY TO IMPROVE THE CITIES FOOD SECURITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan Mikhailovich Rutkin ◽  
Oleg Yurievich Lagutkin ◽  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Food Products ◽  
High Tech ◽  
World Population ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
The World

The outlook of the development of world urban agrotechnologies ("city-farming") by means of key innovation technological and market trends analysis has been researched. It is noted that the tendencies to reduction of the area of productive lands, exhausting ecosystem resources, including World ocean resources, harmful consequences of the climate changing are the main limiting factors of the development of traditional agriculture and supplying food products to the growing population of the world. The remote territories of mass food production from the mass markets result in a large amount of waste products (food losses) in supply chains, along with decreasing product quality and raising costs. Growth of the world population, increasing concentration of urban citizens along with changing of consumers’ food preferences towards "health", "natural", "organic" food bring up the development of an additional, or alternate, system of uninterrupted supply or self-provision of cities with food products, ensuring future food security. The article highlights the prospect of developing the international branch of agriculture in terms of its transition to the high-tech stage of development ("AgTech"), and reviews the innovation technologies inseparable from that transition. It has been found that the development of the urban agrotechnologies (city-farming), as a combination of innovative high-performance agro-practices of the food production in urban environment, can step up the level of food security due to increasing food availability in qualitative and quantitative aspects. The review of main city-farming technologies in accordance with directions of its practical applications was done for the first time. The conception "urban agrotechnologies" ("city-farming") has been defined as the scientific term.

scholarly journals Current trends in global demographic processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Sardak ◽  
Maxim Korneyev ◽  
Vladimir Dzhyndzhoian ◽  
Tatyana Fedotova ◽  
Olha Tryfonova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
World Population ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Demographic Processes

Current local and national demographic trends have deepened the existing and formed new global demographic processes that have received a new historical reasoning that requires deep scientific research taking into account the influence of the multifactorial global dimension of the modern society development. The purpose of the article is to study the development of global demographic processes and to define the causes of their occurrence, manifestations, implications and prospects for implementation in the first half of the 21st century. The authors have identified and characterized four global demographic processes, namely population growth, migration, increase of tourism, and change in population structure. It is projected that in the 30’s of the 21st century, the number and growth rates of the world population will reach the objective growth and these dynamics over the next two decades will begin to change in the direction of reducing the growth rates, which will lead to gradual stabilization, and eventually reduce the size of the world population. By the middle of the 21st century, one can observe the preservation of the growth rates of international and domestic migration, the growth of international migration flows from the South to the North and from the East to the West, the strengthening of new economically developed centers of gravity (Canada, Australia and New Zealand), the increase in migration of rural population to cities, as well as urbanization and activation of the metropolises development. The share of international tourists in comparison with the world population will be constantly increasing, and the annual growth rate of the number of international tourists will significantly depend on the world economy and may vary at the several percent level. Permanent change will occur in the age, religious-cultural and socio-economic structure of the population.

scholarly journals Socio-Philosophical Aspects of the Neuro-Digital Noosphere Formation and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Ilya Devterov ◽  
Ivan Skyba
Keyword(s):  
Digital Communication ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Historical Methods

At present there is more than half of the world population who is currently using the Internet, due to which it seems relevant to develop not only technical, but also humanitarian and metaphysical views and theories that can serve the basis for the analysis of this phenomenon. The aim of these areas of studies should be rethinking of the role and place of man in the structure of modern society, as well as the role and place of the society in human life. The methodology for these processes comprehension lies in the plane of ontology, social philosophy and anthropology, based on the integration of the latter with cybernetics and mathematics, synergetics and mathematical modeling. Systemic and historical methods are inevitably capable of synthesizing the results of such a methodological approach, leading to the appearance of neologisms, the explication of new notions that most adequately reflect the essence of modern processes. The article illustrates a number of phenomena that should be studied with the aim of forming a person not as an object, but as a subject of global digital communication.

The Challenges of Climate Change and Food Security in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): From Deep Understanding to Quick Actions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahaf M. Ajaj ◽  
Suzan M. Shahin ◽  
Mohammed A. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Climate change and global warming became a real concern for global food security. The world population explosion is a critical factor that results in enormous emissions of greenhouse gasses (GHGs), required to cover the growing demands of fresh water, food, and shelter. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a significant oil-producing country, which is included in the list of 55 countries that produce at least 55% of the world’s GHGs and thus involved in the top 30 countries over the world with emission deficits. At the same time, the UAE is located in an arid region of the world, with harsh environmental conditions. The sharp population increases and the massive growth in the urbanization are primary sources, lead to further stresses on the agricultural sector. Thus, the future of the food production industry in the country is a challenging situation. Consequently, the primary objective of this work is to shed light on the current concerns related to climate change and food security, through describing the implications of climate change on the food production sector of the UAE. Tailored solutions that can rescue the future of food security in the country are also highlighted.

Detonating the Population Bomb

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-192
Author(s):  
Emily Klancher Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
National Security ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Establishment ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Population

Chapter 6 documents the fragmentation of what had previously been a consensus regarding global population growth at the end of the 1960s and beginning of the 1970s, resulting in the emergence of two separate factions. The population establishment continued to promote the position of the erstwhile consensus, which held that rapid population growth in developing countries was a barrier to economic development and could be adequately slowed through voluntary family planning programs. The population bombers contended that population growth anywhere in the world posed an immediate existential threat to the natural environment and American national security and needed to be halted through population control measures that demographers had previously rejected as coercive. These two positions went head-to-head at the UN World Population Conference in 1974, where both were rejected by leaders of developing countries.

SUBJECTIVE PICTURE OF THE WORLD AS A RESOURCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF MODERN YOUTH AT THE STAGE OF LIFE SELF-DETERMINATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Galina N. Edelman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Health It ◽  
The World

The article presents a small part of the results of a large-scale study of the psychological health of modern society. On the basis of regression analysis, the necessity of including the subjective picture of the world in the system of psychological health resources is substantiated. The author presents a structural model of the influence of subjective factors on the psychological health of the young generation during the period of life self-determination. The unevenness and multidirectionality of the influence of various subjective factors on psychological health at a young age is noted. Depending on the field of psychological health, it is proposed to consider various sets of subjective factors as resources. Attention is drawn to the insufficient influence of subjective characteristics on psychological health at a young age and the limited use of subjectivity as a resource. It is proposed to consider social comparisons at the stage of life self-determination as a resource of psychological health. At the same time, the gap between ideas about oneself and the ideal of no more than 30% of the total range of assessment is optimal for maintaining psychological health.

scholarly journals Sustainable Intensification of Global Agronomic Output

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Niels Dybro ◽  
Alan Christopher Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
High Level

Agribusinesses are investigating sustainable ways to meet the predicted increased demand for food production due to an increasing world population and higher living standards. Therefore, there is a strong need to increase agronomic output. This paper will review the current state of agricultural production of the main annual top-five staple grain crops grown around the world, their current yields and harvested area averages and trends. It concludes with a discussion of which changes are needed to increase the yield in lower yielding areas of the world. Finally, there is an assessment of what level of yield increases that could be attained provided the proposed changes are made and its predicted impact on food security by 2050.The current yield trends and trends for harvested area, when extrapolated out to 2050, indicate crop production will increase 106%. This includes an expansion of the total crop production area by 31%. This increase of cropping area can be achieved by increased utilization of available, uncropped land suitable for crop production, increased double cropping, and relay intercropping, allowing for multiple crops in a calendar year.In order to double crop production by 2050, it is necessary to focus on growing crops where the conditions make it possible, adopt the best sustainable crop production practices and implement them as intensively as possible everywhere, and consider improved crop production machine system options to reduce risk of soil compaction, which can reduce crop yields.With proposed changes across the world, it will be possible to exceed a doubling of food production by 2050 relative to 2005 levels, providing a reasonable high level of food security, absent wars and widespread natural disasters.

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