Assessment of ecological status in small urban streams of Prague agglomeration

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nábělková ◽  
D. Komínková ◽  
G. Št'astná
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Hydraulic Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The purpose of this research was to compare ecological status of a few small urban watersheds in Prague agglomeration (the Botič creek, the Zátišský creek and the Komočanský creek) with different sources of pollution, different sewer systems and with different hydraulic regimes of the recipient. Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured in water and sediment samples and in different species of benthic organisms. The biological assessment of macrozoobenthos has also been carried out using two biotic indexes: the saprobic index and the ASPT. The assessment of the environmental risk in an aquatic environment has been based on three different coefficients: the Distribution coefficient (Kd), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Metal Pollution Index (MPI). In the Botič creek there was found out chronic load of bottom sediment by heavy metals. There is higher ecological risk of sediment toxicity in this creek. Outlets of combined sewer system in the Botic creek degrade water quality and consequently deteriorate biological indicators. In the Zátišský creek the main problem is connected with storm sewer outlets. The comparison of the Zátišský creek with the reference stream, the Komořanský creek demonstrates strong hydraulic impact, which induces frequent changes of watercourse morphology reflecting on the composition and representation of benthic macroorganisms.

scholarly journals Environmental Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Cities of Estuarine Bay—A Case Study of Hangzhou Bay, China

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rongxi Li ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Chengwei Li ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Functional Areas

Shanghai is the major city on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, and the administrative regions adjacent to Hangzhou Bay are the Jinshan district, Fengxian district, and Pudong new area (Nanhui district), which are the main intersection areas of manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture in Shanghai. In this paper, we collected a total of 75 topsoil samples from six different functional areas (agricultural areas (19), roadside areas (10), industrial areas (19), residential areas (14), education areas (6), and woodland areas (7)) in these three administrative regions, and the presence of 10 heavy metals (manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), cobalt(Co), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), copper(Cu), and arsenic(As)) was investigated in each sample. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment models were used to assess the human health risks posed by the concentrations of the heavy metals. The CR and HQ for adults and children in different functional areas descended in the following order: industrial areas > roadside areas > woodland areas > residential areas > education areas > agricultural areas. The HQ of Mn for children in industrial areas was higher than 1, and the risk was within the acceptable range.

scholarly journals CONTAMINATION OF SOILS BY HEAVY METALS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 982-987
Author(s):  
Tsvetelina Petrova ◽  
Iskra Simova ◽  
Martin Pushkarov ◽  
Rositsa Velichkova ◽  
Detelin Markov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Heavy metals are one of the major pollutants. The main sources of pollution are industry, transport, the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers in agriculture, the military industry, etc. Pollution is mostly around businesses, highways and treated terrains and they are polymetallic, mostly from Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As and others. In the current paper the main heavy metals for Bulgaria for the different sources of pollution are presented. An analysis of data for problem areas is made, according to sources of pollution. An analysis of the impact of pollutants on the environment is also conducted.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effects of Leachate on Groundwater in Selected Dumpsites in Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
N. Ugbebor, John ◽  
Ntesat, Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

The health and environmental risk associated with unlined open waste dumpsites are worrisome. This study, therefore, evaluated the leachate and its final fate on groundwater pollution at selected solid wastes dumpsites in Rivers State. Leachate samples collected near the dumpsites were analyzed to determine the physical and biochemical characteristics. The two studied dumpsites indicated that the computed TCB were 296.33±6.22 cfu/100 ml and 182.68±21.33 cfu/100 ml respectively which were within the permissible limits of 400cfu/100 ml specified by World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv); which suggest low quantities of disease-causing agents in the groundwater. The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were 21x104 cfu/ml and 17x104 cfu/ml. These high values of THB may not be an indication of contamination of groundwater but it indicates a gradual decline in raw water quality. The values of SO42-, PO43-, TDS, DO, BOD and COD at the dumpsites were 196.52±6.26 mg/l and 9.12±0.59 mg/l, 139.23±3.19 mg/l and 3.81±0.68 mg/l, 5952.23±72.52 mg/l and 12663.33±490.95 mg/l;1.51±0.42. mg/l and 2.02±0.16 mg/l; 31.22±4.12 mg/l and 21.33±3.51 mg/l, and313.30±6.57 mg/l and 270.33±26.16 mg/l respectively which exceeded the standards of the WHO and FMEnv. The high values of analyzed parameters were an indication of the groundwater contamination. Heavy metals in the Rumuosi dumpsite indicated 11.31±1.33 mg/l, 11.01±0.67 mg/l, 361.84±12.31 mg/l, 118.03±5.74 mg/l and 84.77±4.84 mg/l for Pb, As, Mn, Fe and Zn respectively. While Heavy metals thresholds at Igwuruta were 0.004±0.005 mg/l, 0.04±0.07 mg/l, 0.05±0.08 mg/l, 0.08±0.14 mg/l and 0.15±0.04 mg/l respectively. Rumuosi thresholds exceeded the standards, indicating that the exposed local people in the nearby communities may experience cases of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk by drinking the groundwater. The leachate pollution index (LPI) at the studied dumpsites indicated 13.58 and 12.9 which exceeded the internationally accepted benchmark of 7.38; indicating that the Rumuosi leachate was more polluted than Igwuruta leachate. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the pollutant characteristics indicated a significant difference at p=0.05 across the physicochemical and biological indicators at Rumuosi dumpsite over Igwuruta dumpsite. The researcher recommended the practice of sanitary landfill which may reduce the risk of leachate percolation, a primary source of groundwater contamination.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Procambarus clarkii from six provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijie Mo ◽  
Yangyang Huang ◽  
Zemao Gu ◽  
Chunsheng Liu ◽  
Jianghua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract Contamination with heavy metals in wild red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) from 7 different geographical areas in six provinces of China (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong) was evaluated. Concentrations of chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in the abdominal muscle, gonad, and hepatopancreas were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer (AFS). Except for the Cd content in hepatopancreas, the contents of selected heavy metals in three different tissues were significantly lower than the proposed limits provided by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The maximum accumulations of Cd and Pb were in hepatopancreas, while the maximum accumulation of As was in gonad, and the maximum accumulations of Hg and Cr were in abdominal muscle. The highest contents of Cr, Hg, and Pb were all detected in Dongting Lake, Hunan, which was consistent with the trend of the metal pollution index (MPI). Risk value of the target hazard quotient (THQ) was below 1.0, suggesting that the intake of selected heavy metals through crayfish consumption would not pose a significant health risk to consumers.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment of heavy metals from pesticides use in Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
U. Bawa ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
J.N. Ahmad ◽  
A. G. Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plateau State

Heavy metals bioaccumulation in agricultural crops fumigated with pesticides has growninto a major concern globally. This study assessed heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) in commonly consumed crops and their corresponding soil from agricultural farm lands in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the studied crops ranged from 0.17-100.75, 0.17-54.33, 0.83-28.75, 0.17-5.50, 0.5-0.5mg/kg for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd respectively. The trend of heavy metals in the crops were in decreasing order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd and their concentrations varied in different parts of the crops. The mean concentration of Cd, Pb, and Cr in the studiedcrops were above the WHO, (2019) permissible limits and therefore a call for concern. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the soil varied from 0.5-0.5, 2.50-13.83, 3.67-5.75, 11.83-26.33, and 41-89.50 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn respectively and were below the UNEP, (2013) permissible limits for agricultural soil. The result showed that Pb had the highest transfer factor (1.91) in (Capsicum annuum) and Zn had theleast. Similarly, the result revealed high Pollution index value for Pb compared to other metals. Hazard quotient and Hazard index of all the crops were less than 1; thus the consumption of these crops is unlikely to pose health risks to the target population. However, the result showed health risk from daily intake of some of the studied crops for Pb ((Brassica oleracea, Lactucasativus, Zea mays, Spinaciaoleracea, and Capsicum annuum). Hence, regular monitoring and screening of pesticides for heavy metals should be employed by government agencies.

scholarly journals Assessment of health risks from consumption of food crops fumigated with metal based pesticides in Gwadam, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
U. Bawa ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
J.N. Ahmad ◽  
A.G. Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Cu And Zn

Intensive use of agrochemicals has led to build of heavy metals in the soil ecosystem and their transfer to edible parts of crops. This study was aimed to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations in some twenty commonly used pesticides in northern Nigeria, and health risk associated from the consumption of food crops fumigated with these pesticides as the only source of metal contamination. Heavy metals content in pesticides, food crops and soils were analyzed after acid digestion using atomic absorption spectrometry. Traces of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) were detected in most of the pesticides. The concentrations of heavy metals in crops fumigated with pesticides ranged from 0.33-4.68, 1.75-38.08, 0.67-16.83, 9.01-436.75, 0.17-20.80mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr in all the crops were above WHO, (2019) permissible limit. Heavy metals in soils of corresponding crops were below the permissible limits by UNEP, (2013) and NESREA, (2011). Bioaccumulation factor BAF showed high BAF>1 for Cu and Pb in all the studied crops,while pollution index value revealed contamination for Cd and Pb in all the studied crops. Hazard quotient showed potential health risk from the consumption of only Capsicumannuum for Pb. However, consumers may experience advance health risk through the consumption of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Solanumlycopersicum, Capsicumfrustescens for all metals (Hazard index). Hence, there is the need for screening of heavy metals in pesticides and monitoring of metals contents in food crops.

ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИГ. БИРОБИДЖАНА ПО УРОВНЮ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kalmanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Very High

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.

Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Defri Yona ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽  
Anedathama Kretarta ◽  
Citra Ravena Putri Effendy ◽  
Misba Nur Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

Methodology of Research in Micropollutants – Heavy Metals

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wollast
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A comparison of the concentration of dissolved and of particulate heavy metals in the aquatic system indicates that these elements are strongly enriched in the suspended matter. The transfer between the aqueous phase and the solid phase may be due to dissolution-precipitation reactions, adsorption-desorption processes or biological processes. When these processes are identified, it is further possible to develop mathematical models which describe the behaviour of these elements. The enrichment of heavy metals in the particulate phase suspended or deposited and in aquatic organisms constitutes a powerful tool in order to evaluate sources of pollution.

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