scholarly journals PODPORZĄDKOWANIE PRACOWNIKA PRACODAWCY W ASPEKCIE CZASU PRACY – WYBRANE PROBLEMY

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Tomasz Duraj
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Employment System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right

THE EMPLOYEE’S SUBORDINATION TO THE EMPLOYERAS REGARDS WORKING HOURS. SELECTED PROBLEMSSummary The subject of this paper is a description of the characteristic features of an employee’s subordination to his employer as regards working hours. An employer’s management rights in this respect are particularly relevant as regards the efficiency of the employee’s work and reduce the risk that any defective work on the employee’s part could mean for the employer. The author analyses the management rights of employers relating to factors contributing to the organisation of working hours such as the standard, extent, system, and schedule of working hours. His deliberations on these issues show that an employer’s rights pertaining to unilateral determination of working hours are in fact restricted. This is so because usually the system or schedule of working hours tends to be established in the context of a collective employment system or set of rules, in other words the employer’s freedom to make decisions is limited since he is obliged to cooperate with the trade unions active in his company or business. The widest scope of rights employers enjoy as regards the organisation of working hours concerns the right to order employees to work overtime and unscheduled time (but with consideration of any hours of duty on a rota system or duty travel); and as regards the compilation of detailed timetables of working hours.

TYPES OF OVERWORK AND JOBS THAT CANNOT BE OVERWORKED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LABOR LAW NO. 4857

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Altuğ YENGİNAR
Keyword(s):  
Labor Law ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Human Right ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The right to work has been recognized as a fundamental human right in almost all international human rights documents and in the constitutions of many countries. This right has been recognized and guaranteed as a fundamental human right also in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. However, not only recognizing and guaranteeing "work" as a fundamental human right but also regulating its implementation and functioning within the framework of laws is of great importance. The concept of overwork is a concept that has been mentioned in the Labor Law regarding the implementation and functioning of the concept of work and it is regulated in our Labor Law No. 4857. In order to talk about overwork, a limited working time is required. In this context, upon determining the maximum number of hours a worker can work per week by drawing a limit on working hours in Labor Law No. 4857, overwork, which is the subject of work exceeding this period, is defined. Furthermore, the types of overwork that arise depending on the reasons for overworking, as well as the jobs that cannot be overworked, are regulated in the same Law.

The Number of Zeros of a Polynomial in a Half-Plane

1960 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Half Plane ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Complex Polynomial ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Number Of Zeros ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The determination of the number of zeros of a complex polynomial in a half-plane, in particular in the upper and lower, or right and left, half-planes, has been the subject of numerous papers, and a full discussion, with many references, is given in Marden (l) and Wall (2), where the basis for the determination is a continued-fraction expansion, or H.C.F. algorithm, in terms of which the number of zeros in one of the half-planes can be written down at once. In addition, determinantal formulae for the relevant elements of the algorithm can be obtained, and these lead to determinantal criteria for the number of zeros, including that of Hurwitz (3) for the right and left half-planes.

Heritability of the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2d:4d): A Twin Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon N. Paul ◽  
Bernet S. Kato ◽  
Lynn F. Cherkas ◽  
Toby Andrew ◽  
Tim D. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Variance Components Analysis ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractThe second to fourth finger length ratio (2d:4d) has been the subject of much recent work and is thought to be related to diverse gender and hormone-related traits including sports ability, disease susceptibility, attractiveness and sexuality. It is established in utero and remains constant in adulthood. Familial clustering has been thought to contribute to the development of 2d:4d from early studies but no twin studies exploring heritability have been reported to date. In this study, a sample of 456 female twin pairs (148 monozygotic [MZ], 308 dizygotic [DZ]) aged 18 to 79 years was used to estimate the heritability of 2d:4d for the right and left hands. Finger lengths were derived from hand xrays. Variance components analysis was used to estimate and contrast genetic and environmental effects on this phenotype. The mean 2d:4d was 0.92 (SD = 0.001) for both hands. The MZ intraclass correlation was higher than in DZ (.66 vs. .35 for right 2d:4d, and .71 vs. .37 for left 2d:4d). The best fit model included additive polygenic and unique environmental effects (‘AE’ model), with no significant common environmental effects detected. Heritability was estimated to be approximately 66% for 2d:4d (95% confidence interval 0.5–0.78). These results suggest a substantial genetic contribution to the determination of this hormonally related skeletal ratio in women, which could be more influential than the effects of common prenatal environmental factors. However the current study design does not preclude the possibility of confounding between heritability estimates and unobserved prenatal effects.

scholarly journals Modern Crimean Tatar national costume: succession and novelties (based on the example of Crimean dress designers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marina Borisovna Grigoreva ◽  
Nuriya Munirovna Akchurina-Muftieva
Keyword(s):  
Youth Culture ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Crimean Tatar

This article analyzes the modern Crimean Tatar costume from the perspective of succession of the traditional elements. The author systematizes general approaches towards design of the traditional and modern costume, indicating the characteristic features. At the present stage, the elements of the traditional Crimean Tatar costume are growing in popularity. Interpretation and modern stylization of the traditional elements of national costume leads to the formation of the unique style. The leading phenomenon in the approach towards design of the modern national costume is the scientific basis, which helps to preserve the traditional elements. The object of this research is the modern Crimean Tatar costume, while the subject is decorative and graphic approaches towards design. The primary task consists in determination of the principles of creation of Crimean Tatar image and its implementation into Crimean modern culture. The novelty of this research is defined by insufficient examination of the modern Crimean Tatar costume on the scientific level, although actively implemented into modern youth culture. The creative direction in the works of modern Crimean Tatar designers is divided into three approaches: verbatim reproduction of ethnic costume (mostly used wedding gear and theater costumes), authorial interpretation, and avant-garde approach, using metaphors as the basics of style. It is noted that in the approach with allusive metaphors it enough to complement modern costume with headwear similar to the traditional to add national flavor to the image. The author underlines the importance of development of modern Crimean fashion in all three directions, as each approach has a particular function.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of working hours and rest periods of seafarers in Ukraine and Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
D.O. Dmitrenko
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Working Time ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Right

The article considers the legal regulation of working hours and rest periods of seafarers under the legislation of Ukraine in the comparative legal aspect with the legislation of Finland. Much attention is given to an analysis of working hours of seafarers, compensation for the overtime work and securance of the right of annual leave and regular periods of rest under the legislation of Ukraine and Finland, as well as conformity of Ukrainian labour legislation and social rights of seafarers with the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC, 2006), and with the legislation of Finland. Ukraine hasn’t ratified any of the International Labour Organisation Conventions relating to working time and periods of rest of seafarers, and these issues are governed by the Regulation «On working hours and periods of rest of floating sea and river transport of Ukraine» (approved by Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine № 135 from 29.02.2012). Finland’s trade unions play an important role in working life of seafarers, by not only protecting their rights and providing decent working conditions, but also by deviations from certain provision of the Seamen’s Working Time Act (296/1976). Those deviations can concern reduction of duration of working hours, increase of payments for overtime work, providing additional rest time, etc. It is concluded that the labor legislation of Ukraine does not contain provisions on imposing sanctions on captain or shipowner in case of violation of seafarer’s right of normal working hours, annual leave and regular periods of rest, while in Finland, captain or shipowner can be prosecuted for improper or malicious violation of the procedure of the register of working hours, rest periods, compensation payments and annual leaves. Also Ukrainian legislation provide no legal mechanism for obtaining state and social guarantees by seafarers. The article suggests changes to national legislation by passing the law regarding seafarers labour rights and ratification of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC, 2006).

DETERMINATION OF THE DEPENDENCES OF THE ANGLES IN THE JOINTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES OF A HUMAN DURING GAIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
D.D. Yakimova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Kozhemyakina ◽  
V.N. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The study of human gait is of interest in determining its individual characteristics that affect the loads experienced by the joints of the lower extremities. To analyze the gait in the lateral projection, an experiment was carried out with placed markers on the subject's body to determine the interarticular angles in the hip, knee and ankle joints. The graphs of the dependences of these angles on time were built, corresponding to a certain phase of the step. It was found that the range of changes in the angle in the left ankle joint in the subject was significantly different from the dependence obtained for the right joint. Based on the subject's anamnesis, we associate these differences with the fact that there was an ankle joint injury that affected the condition of the ligamentous apparatus of the joint. In further work, it is proposed to consider a person's gait not only in the lateral, but also in the frontal (anteroposterior) plane to assess all movements in the joints, especially those associated with the abduction of the limbs and the human body from the vertical line on the specified plane.

scholarly journals Origin, establishment and development of the idea of self-determination of peoples

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Azer Kagraman Ogly Kagramanov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The subject of this research is the examination of evolution of the idea of self-determination of peoples based on the fundamental works of the Russian and foreign scholars, thinkers of the antiquity and modernity. The author considers the transformations experienced by the principle of self-determination at various historical stages of development; as well as builds a corresponding systems of the development cycles. The conclusion is made that after conception of the idea of self-determination, the colonial powers viewed this concept as ethical, seeing the threat to legitimacy of the established order. Therefore, throughout almost a century, the leading countries refused to include this right into the corresponding international and domestic documents. The main conclusions are as follows: after consolidation of the principle in the Charter of the United Nations, it became the foundation for the emergence of news states and destruction of the colonial world; the principle served as a leitmotif for the development of human rights and international relations, but at the same time became a threat and challenge to the territorial integrity; wars between the countries are replaced with the civil and interethnic conflicts; the world is captured with such phenomena as state nationalism that subsequently grew into extremely radical forms, such as fascism and Nazism; the modern international law actively promotes the two competing principles – territorial integrity and self-determination; in modern world, the right to self-determination is not limited by peoples under the colonial past – there occur new forms of self-determination that threaten the existence of sovereign states. Uncertainty of the status of the newly emerged states formations serves as the source of domestic and international tension, which inevitably leads to intergovernmental clashes and negatively impacts geopolitical situation in separate regions and in the world as a whole.

scholarly journals Świat zwierząt Daniela Schultza

Porta Aurea ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
Anna Sobecka
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Art Market ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Auction House ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Animal World

Daniel Schultz (1615–1683) was one of the most important painters of his time, highly regarded among the Polish nobility and patricians of his native city of Gdańsk. Schultz’s game and animal pieces resemble works of Flemish artists. His earliest animal picture Trophies in the Pantry is perhaps most Southern Netherlandish in character. Fred G. Meijer attributed to Schultz a painting on the subject of hunting, bearing the monogram “DS” and dated 1649. Schultz also executed a smaller painting, which is a depiction of a fox (or rather a dog) head shown in profile and a bunch of grapes, with some killed birds. Furthermore, two other animal paintings by Schultz are known from the National Museum in Gdańsk. In 2014, a pair of pendant paintings of dead birds appeared on the art market. Their similarity to the Medicean Trophies led the experts of the Artcurial auction house to ascribe them to Schultz. As one compares them with some other works by the Gdańsk artist, the resemblance is even more pronounced. Both paintings are now in a Polish private collection. In the Museum of Fine Arts in Gent there are two other paintings attributed to Frans Snyders and Jan Fyt which could have been painted by Daniel Schultz. The focus on perfectly studied animals, framing of the composition, and a summary treatment of the background are characteristic of him. The ‘Ds 16__’ monogram bears the painting from the Kuscovo Palace (Moscow), which depicts A Heron, a Bittern and a Rabbit. Schultz was the first artist in the territories associated with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to create independent animal and still life paintings. Possibly a pupil of Elias Vonck, the Amsterdam master active in Prussia, Schultz was also influenced by Antwerp masters such as Frans Snyders and Johannes Spruyt. Schultz’s interest for animal themes and still life may have been connected with characteristic features of the culture of Gdańsk, such as, for instance, a penchant for hunting, viewed both as a pastime and a subject for art. Gdańsk citizens enjoyed the right to hunt as of 1588, earlier than any other European bourgeoisie. Most signed works by Schultz are his depictions of animals. Tis could be an indirect suggestion about the identity of the recipients of Schultz’s depictions of the animal world. As stated above, the Gdańsk citizens had a predilection for hunting pieces; they also cared more than courtiers about the fact that such representations were authored by a Gdańsk artist.

scholarly journals International legal regulation of healthcare development in the OECD

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Sh.V. Tlepina
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Important Means ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Right

The article examines the issue of international legal regulation of matters of strategic development of healthcare using the example of the OECD member states. The issues of the activities of the International Labor Organization through the implementation of conventions and recommendations are considered. ILO Conventions and Recommendations play an important role in the development of health care in the context of the pandemic. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is testing the national health systems, their resilience, preparedness, and speed of response to emergencies. The rapid spread of COVID-19 emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen the health system. Conditions particularly relevant during the pandemic include working hours, including the regulation and compensation of overtime, inconvenient working hours, and shifts; weekly rest; maternity leave; sick leave; social security. The right of workers (including migrant workers) to form trade unions is of great significance. The right to association is also one of the important means of labor regulation, as well as for medical workers. To ensure the efficiency of measures taken in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and its aftermath, there is needed an environment of trust through social dialogue and tripartism.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE ON DETERMINATION OF TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PEOPLE, COMMITTING CRIMINAL OFFENSES RELATED TO THE FORGERY OF EXCISABLE GOODS, AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-327
Author(s):  
Ayupova Zauresh ◽  
Begaliyev Yernar ◽  
Uspanov Zholdybay
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Product Recommendations ◽  
Characteristic Features

In the article «The issue on determination of typological features of people, committing criminal offenses related to the forgery of excisable goods, as an element of the criminalistic characteristics» prepared by doctoral student Ayupova Z.N.; Professor of the Department of Special Legal Disciplines, Doctor of juridical Science Begaliev E.N; Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, candidate of juridical Sciences, Professor UspanovZh.T. The main purpose of this article is to identify the most characteristic features of an intruder's personality and to formulate recommendations aimed at improving the process of investigating criminal offenses related to falsification of excise goods. The article deals with the issue of theoretical interpretation of the concept of "criminalistic characterization of crimes" and "typology of personality" as its element. The analysis of the reference paper is given regarding the study of the typology of persons committing criminal offenses; as well as the problems that arise in determining the subject of the crime and the ways to solve them. The types of persons committing criminal offenses connected with forgery of excisable products as exogenous and endogenous types of intruders are investigated; classified by the object of encroachment, the nature of criminal acts, the degree of public danger. The concepts of socially-adoptive, socially-disadaptive type of personality of persons who commit this category of a criminal offense are disclosed. The structure of the personality of the intruder who deals in the falsification of excisable goods has been compiled and examined through socio-demographic, criminally-legal, socially significant physiological features and moral properties. The analysis of methods for establishing a suspect person is given, the main types of malefactors and their functions are identified in the production of a surrogate excise product. Recommendations for persons conducting investigations into criminal cases related to forgery of excise goods are developed.

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