scholarly journals ESTIMATE OF THE COST OF PRODUCING NITROGEN 15 BY CHEMICAL EXCHANGE: DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM COST NITROX SYSTEM

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Klima
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals The Clustered Selected-Internal Steiner Tree Problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yen Hung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Algorithm ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Steiner Tree ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Steiner Tree Problem ◽  
The Cost

Given a complete graph [Formula: see text], with nonnegative edge costs, two subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], a partition [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], a clustered Steiner tree is a tree [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] that spans all vertices in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] can be cut into [Formula: see text] subtrees [Formula: see text] by removing [Formula: see text] edges and each subtree [Formula: see text] spans all vertices in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The cost of a clustered Steiner tree is defined to be the sum of the costs of all its edges. A clustered selected-internal Steiner tree of [Formula: see text] is a clustered Steiner tree for [Formula: see text] if all vertices in [Formula: see text] are internal vertices of [Formula: see text]. The clustered selected-internal Steiner tree problem is concerned with the determination of a clustered selected-internal Steiner tree [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] with minimum cost. In this paper, we present the first known approximation algorithm with performance ratio [Formula: see text] for the clustered selected-internal Steiner tree problem, where [Formula: see text] is the best-known performance ratio for the Steiner tree problem.

scholarly journals PROCEDURE FOR SELECTION OF GAUGE COMPOSITION OF TRUCK TRACTORS USING INTEGRAL COEFFICIENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
N. S. Zakharov ◽  
◽  
M. V. Nemkov ◽  
V. M. Nemkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Integral Coefficient ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
The Cost

The article presents a solution to the problem of choosing the brand composition of truck tractors for the recruitment of transport divisions of oil pipeline enterprises. The main task of transport departments is to meet the needs of the main production. The equipment is operated under harsh conditions, as well as after the end of the regulatory period of use and needs to be updated quickly. Despite the timely maintenance and repair of freight rolling stock, frequent failures and increasing repair costs make further operation economically inefficient. When updating the fleet of vehicles, there is a problem in choosing the best in terms of the technical characteristics of the vehicle, but at the minimum cost. The purpose of the study is to optimize the costs of acquiring and operating special equipment of Transneft-Siberia JSC by developing a methodology for determining the rational grade composition of truck tractors. According to the a priori ranking method, the opinion of specialists and heads of transport divisions of Transneft-Siberia JSC was determined. For the study, the most popular brands of truck tractors of domestic and foreign production were chosen. As a result of the survey, the ranks of operational indicators of truck tractors and their weight are determined by the reverse ratio. The most signifi¬cant indicator as a result of a priori ranking is the cost of one unit of the vehicle. Integral coefficient components calculated relative to average value of each indicator are identified for each indicator. As a result of the study, it was revealed that for the renewal of the fleet of truck tractors, it is advisable to give preference mainly to foreign manufacturers. The integral factor, taking into account the weight of operational parameters, makes it possible to objectively evaluate the quality of truck tractors. The method of determining the integral coefficient is proposed, when using which it is possible to reduce the cost of acquiring and operating vehicles with an increase in the development of special equipment. Further areas of research are determination of integral factors for the fleet, including technological transport, as well as determination of the optimal nomenclature of special equipment for transport divisions of oil pipeline industry enterprises.

The Effect of Experimental Error on the Determination of the Optimum Metal-Cutting Conditions

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Ermer ◽  
S. M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Minimax Principle ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
The Cost

The effect of experimental error in tool life testing on the determination of the minimum cost cutting speed (Vmin) is investigated by using the concept of statistical inference. It is shown that Vmin is not uniquely defined but lies within a probable interval of cutting speeds, and that this interval is affected by the cost and time parameters and the experimental range of feed in tool life testing. The selection of a specific speed from the Vmin confidence interval is illustrated by a decision rule based on the minimax principle.

scholarly journals Determination of PV Power and Battery Capacity Size for a Leisure Solar Powered Boat at Kalimas River, Surabaya, Indonesia

Kapal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasirudin ◽  
Hasanudin Hasanudin ◽  
Danu Utama ◽  
Lia Pundhi Tahwoto
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Optimization Calculation ◽  
Previous Design ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

As a green city, Surabaya had been developing a program of an environmentally friendly concept in almost all sectors. One of the developed sectors with this concept is the tourism area around the Kalimas river. Tour by riding a small passenger leisure boat is the most favorite recreational option. The leisure boat designs with environmentally friendly solar-powered concepts were developed, but regarding PV power and battery capacity determination, almost all designs are not optimal. This research is aimed to obtain the optimal PV power and battery capacity by calculating the number of PV panels and batteries with minimum cost. A Linear programming approach by Simplex method is applied in the optimization calculation. The results show that the number of the battery of the previous design can be reduced from 4 (four) units (20 kWh) becomes 3 (three) units (15 kWh) and the number of PV panels are still the same number with the previous one, i.e., 7 (seven) units (2,24 kW). The optimum system cost is around 264 million rupiahs, which means that the cost is reducing around 81 million rupiahs or 24%.

A generalized fuzzy cost efficiency model

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1791
Author(s):  
Nazila Aghayi ◽  
Samira Salehpour
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Production Possibility Set ◽  
Fuzzy Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generalized Cost

The concept of cost efficiency has become tremendously popular in data envelopment analysis (DEA) as it serves to assess a decision-making unit (DMU) in terms of producing minimum-cost outputs. A large variety of precise and imprecise models have been put forward to measure cost efficiency for the DMUs which have a role in constructing the production possibility set; yet, there’s not an extensive literature on the cost efficiency (CE) measurement for sample DMUs (SDMUs). In an effort to remedy the shortcomings of current models, herein is introduced a generalized cost efficiency model that is capable of operating in a fuzzy environment-involving different types of fuzzy numbers-while preserving the Farrell’s decomposition of cost efficiency. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to measure cost efficiency by using vectors. Ultimately, a useful example is provided to confirm the applicability of the proposed methods.

Mekanisme Dan Proteksi Jaminan Nasabah Pada Gadai Informal

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Yuri Nanda Larasati ◽  
Jafril Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Cost

Regulation of the financial services authority (OJK) No. 31/POJK.05/2016 on Venture had arranged that the financial services agency on the basis of the law of pledge is in coaching and supervision OJK. Yet the existence of laws – invitation to Governing Enterprise pawn shops causing business activities conducted by the above parties are not yet regulated. The condition is feared could cause harm to the consumer society. The purpose of this research is to know the procedures, mechanisms, protection of goods and guarantee the consumer on an informal pledge financing, methods of determination of the cost of maintenance of the goods and the goods of the execution mechanism of the pledge as well as protection for the collateral items are viewed from the side of the consumer by looking at laws-invitations and Sharia. To find out whether the pledge have gotten permission from OJK. This research uses qualitative research methods with the study of library research, field data and simulations. The approach used in this study is the empirical juridical approach. Elaboration upon the results is discussed further in this article.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

Main approaches to estimating the cost of shareholder equity of oil and gas producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697
Author(s):  
O.V. Shimko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The study analyzes generally accepted approaches to assessing the value of companies on the basis of financial statement data of ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and others, for 1999—2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the specifics of using the methods of cost, DFC, and comparative approaches to assessing the value of share capital of oil and gas companies. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and generalization of materials of scientific articles and official annual reports on the results of financial and economic activities of the largest public oil and gas corporations. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, I identified advantages and disadvantages of standard approaches to assessing the value of oil and gas producers. Conclusions. The paper describes pros and cons of the said approaches. For instance, the cost approach is acceptable for assessing the minimum cost of small companies in the industry. The DFC-based approach complicates the reliability of medium-term forecasts for oil prices due to fluctuations in oil prices inherent in the industry, on which the net profit and free cash flow of companies depend to a large extent. The comparative approach enables to quickly determine the range of possible value of the corporation based on transactions data and current market situation.

ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL ATAS PRODUK (Studi Kasus Pada PT Dasa Windu Agung)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Dwi Urip Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Keywords Cost

This study aims to determine the determination of the cost of production for products produced by PT. DWA. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing industry specialized in automotive components. Its activity is carried out through a series of production processes, so that expenses spent in the production will be calculated into the cost of the production sold. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies in Jakarta. Convenience sampling method selected one of the companies that get the confidence to assemble three national car project in Indonesia, namely Timor, Bakrie and Maleo. Test analysis used in this study is to test the calculation of full costing with job order costing. This study shows that (a) determination of the cost elements associated with the cost of production and (b) determining the cost of production on a product-based job costing with full costing approach. Keywords: cost of production, full costing

Determination of the minimum number of technological bases of a part

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
B.M. Bazrov ◽  
T.M. Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of technological bases is considered before the choice of the type of billet and the development of the route of the technological process. A technique is proposed for selecting the minimum number of sets of technological bases according to the criterion of equality in the cost price of manufacturing the part according to the principle of unity and combination of bases at this stage. Keywords: part, surface, coordinating size, accuracy, design and technological base, labor input, cost price. [email protected]

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