Monoterpenes: Essential Oil Components with Valuable Features

Medicinal plants have a wide range of secondary metabolites including monoterpene. These volatile compounds are the main components of essential oils, belonging to the isoprenoid group and possessing valuable features for plants and humans. This review provides comprehensive information on chemical structures and classification of monoterpenes. It describes their biosynthesis pathways and introduces plant families and species rich in noteworthy monoterpenes. Bio-activities, pharmacological and pesticide effects as well as their mechanism of action are reported. Applications of these compounds in various industries are also included.

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Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6311

Author(s):

Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽

Claudia G. Castillo ◽

Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽

Marco M. González-Chávez

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Alternative Treatment ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Pharmacological Interest ◽

Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

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GC/MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Fresh Leaves of Eucalytus Globulus, and Leaves and Stems of Smyrnium Olusatrum from Constantine (Algeria)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000501031 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Habiba Daroui-Mokaddem ◽

Ahmed Kabouche ◽

Mabrouka Bouacha ◽

Boudjemaa Soumati ◽

Aida El-Azzouny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Main Components ◽

Type Apparatus

The essential oils of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus L. (Myrtaceae), and leaves and stems of Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae), obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty compounds were characterized, representing 98.3% of the essential oil of E. globulus, with 1,8-cineole (48.6%), globulol (10.9%), trans-pinocarveol (10.7%), and α-terpineol (6.6%) as main components, while thirty-three compounds were characterized, representing 94.3% of the essential oil of S. olusatrum, with sabinene (27.1%), curzerene (13.7%), methyl-1-benzyl-2-oxocyclooctane carboxylate (12.3%), α-pinene (7.2%), cryptone (7.1%) and β-pinene (5.7%) as the major components. The essential oils of E. globulus and S. olusatrum were tested against a wide range of fungal and bacterial strains. Both oils showed significant antimicrobial activity.

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Medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae as functional foods – a review

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/504/2015-cjfs ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 377-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

K. Carović-Stanko ◽

M. Petek ◽

M. Grdiša ◽

J. Pintar ◽

D. Bedeković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Family ◽

Special Complex

Historically, species of the family Lamiaceae have enjoyed a rich tradition of use for flavouring, food preservation, and medicinal purposes, due to both their curative and their preventive properties. It is well known that each species has a special, complex mixture of bioactive compounds in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. Their value lays in the production of a wide range of secondary metabolites with potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities. This review focuses on the Lamiaceae species and their secondary metabolites encompassing a wide array of beneficial functions and their applicability as sources of functional foods. It could help in addressing specific consumer needs as healthy diet is a part of the lifestyle that maintains or improves overall health.

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DETERMINATION OF SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ESSENTIAL OIL VARIATION IN DIFFERENT LOCAL Ocimum basilicum L. ECOTYPES UNDER SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.3.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 3-15

Author(s):

Suleyman Kizil ◽

Ozlem Toncer ◽

Tahsin Sogut ◽

Emel Diraz ◽

Sengul Karaman

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Harvest Data ◽

Oil Components ◽

Main Components ◽

Semi Arid

The study aimed to determine agronomic characteristics and essential oil components of different basil ecotypes in semi-arid climatic conditions of South Eastern Anatolia, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Two-year harvest data about fresh and dry herb yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and its components from the plants of year 2015 and 2016 was analyzed in this study. Essential oil components were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The resulting outcomes demonstrated that both ecotypes and harvests had important effects on fresh and dry herb, dry leaf yield and essential oil contents of sweet basil. The highest dry leaf yield was noted from green leafy ecotypes and from second harvest stage. Twenty-three constituents were detected in the essential oil of O. basilicum ecotypes. The main components of basil essential oil were linalool, methyl chavicol, neral, geranial and methyl cinnamate that differed according to ecotypes and harvests during experimental years 2015 and 2016. Purple leafy basil ecotypes were determined as linalool rich, while greenish leaf ecotypes were abundant in methyl chavicol. Silbe – green ecotype contains higher neral and geranial levels than the other ecotypes. It was concluded that basil plant could be grown successfully and harvested two or more times to prefer for maximum dry leaf yield and essential oil contents under semi-arid climatic conditions.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AGASTACHE AURANTIACA ESSENTIAL OILS

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2018023317 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Наталья (Natal'ja) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Коваленко (Kovalenko) ◽

Галина (Galina) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Супиченко (Supichenko) ◽

Татьяна (Tat'jana) Игоревна (Igorevna) Ахрамович (Ahramovich) ◽

Анна (Anna) Геннадьевна (Gennad'evna) Шутова (Shutova) ◽

Виктор (Viktor) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Леонтьев (Leontiev)

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Oil Components ◽

The Republic ◽

Main Components

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation method from plants of three varieties Agastache aurantiaca, cultivated on the Republic of Belarus were investigated. Some morphobiometric parameters of plants 'Tango', 'Apricot Sprite' and 'Fragrant Delight' and oil yields were determined. Using the technique of gas-liquid chromatography essential oil components were identified and determined. The main components of the essential oil from 'Tango' and 'Fragrant Delight' plants were menton (~ 53 and ~ 65 v/v % respectively) and pulegon (~ 36 and ~ 25 v/v % respectively). The samples of 'Apricot' Sprite' essential oil were rich in isomentone (~ 46 v/v %) and pulegon (~ 41 v/v %). All tested essential oils contained (+)-menton and (+)-pulegon enantiomeric forms only. The antibacterial activity of dimethylsulfoxide and ethanolic essential oil solutions against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella alony, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium sp., Escherichia coli Hfr H, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was proved. Ethanol solutions of essential oils at the concentrations 0.001–0.1 v/v % had significant bactericidal activity. A correlation between the composition of the essential oil and their antibacterial properties was established.

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Traditional and Modern Uses of Saffron (Crocus Sativus)

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics6040063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 63 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mzabri ◽

Addi ◽

Berrichi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Global Market ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Aromatic And Medicinal Plants ◽

The World ◽

Main Components

The Aromatic and Medicinal Plants sector has undergone a remarkable evolution, especially during the last decade. The global market is moving more and more towards products of natural origin. Indeed, of the 4200-existing plant in Morocco, 800 are listed as aromatic and medicinal plants. Among these plants, saffron is a source of income for many areas of Morocco. Saffron, the dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower, is considered among the main terroir products of Morocco. Saffron has accompanied all civilizations, whether for its culinary role, for its quality of dye or its ancestral virtues rooted in folk medicine. This review highlights the main components of saffron, and the pharmacological activities that result from it and make this product a serious therapeutic hope. Then, a classification of uses of saffron was carried out according to its uses, traditional, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and perfumery without forgetting its use a spice incorporated in many dishes around the world.

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Hairy Root Culture an Alternative for Bioactive Compound Production from Medicinal Plants

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666201229110625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 136-149

Author(s):

Arpita Roy

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Hairy Root ◽

Scale Up ◽

Root Culture ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Hairy Root Culture ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Wide Range

: Medicinal plants produce a diverse group of phytocompounds like anthraquinones, alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenes which are used in pharmaceutical, perfume, cosmetics, dye and flavor industries. Commercial source of these metabolites is field-grown plants, which are generally influenced by seasonal changes. Biotechnology possesses a significant role in production of high-value secondary metabolites. By incorporating biotechnological methods, it is feasible to manage biosynthetic pathways of the plant to enhance phytocompound production that is of pharmaceutical interest. Plant cell suspension, shoot, adventitious root and hairy root culture are considered as alternative methods for important bioactive compound production. These methods are controllable, sustainable and overcome several inconveniences for large scale secondary metabolites production. At present research on hairy root culture for valuable bioactive compound production has gained a lot of attention. Agrobacterium rhizogenes is an agent which causes hairy root disease in a plant and this leads to the neoplastic growth of root which is characterized by higher growth rate and genetic stability. Various studies explore the hairy root culture for production of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Scale-up of hairy root culture using bioreactors has provided an opportunity to enhance bioactive compound production at the commercial level. The present review discusses the role of hairy root culture in the production of valuable bioactive compounds, the effect of culture parameters on bioactive compound production and bioreactor applications.

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Secondary metabolites and biodiversity of actinomycetes

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00156-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manal Selim Mohamed Selim ◽

Sayeda Abdelrazek Abdelhamid ◽

Sahar Saleh Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Main Body ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background The ability to produce microbial bioactive compounds makes actinobacteria one of the most explored microbes among prokaryotes. The secondary metabolites of actinobacteria are known for their role in various physiological, cellular, and biological processes. Main body Actinomycetes are widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, rhizosphere soil, actinmycorrhizal plants, hypersaline soil, limestone, freshwater, marine, sponges, volcanic cave—hot spot, desert, air, insects gut, earthworm castings, goat feces, and endophytic actinomycetes. The most important features of microbial bioactive compounds are that they have specific microbial producers: their diverse bioactivities and their unique chemical structures. Actinomycetes represent a source of biologically active secondary metabolites like antibiotics, biopesticide agents, plant growth hormones, antitumor compounds, antiviral agents, pharmacological compounds, pigments, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory compounds, single-cell protein feed, and biosurfactant. Short conclusions Further highlight that compounds derived from actinobacteria can be applied in a wide range of industrial applications in biomedicines and the ecological habitat is under-explored and yet to be investigated for unknown, rare actinomycetes diversity.

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Identification and Classification of Libyan Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil Components by GC-MS and Predication of Its Antioxidant Activity

AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES ◽

10.54172/mjsc.v35i3.255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 184-192

Author(s):

Wessal Hassan El-Ageeli ◽

Bubaker Bubaker M.B Hamed Al-Mansori ◽

Seham Hamad Mohammed Alsagheer ◽

Faheem A. F. Ben-Khayal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Oil Components ◽

Rosemary Essential Oil

The aim of this investigation is identification and classification of Rosmarinus Officinalis essential oil components by GC-MS and prediction of their antioxidant activity. GC-MS analysis of Libyan Rosemary essential oil indicated that in total, 44 compounds were detected comprising 98.3% of compounds in the oil. The results also revealed that the oil contained some constituents with great antioxidant activity such as eugenol, (0.04%), diethylphalate (0.28%), myrtenol (0.46%), γ-Terpinene (2.2%), α – Terpenolene (1.96%), with total percentage of (4.94%) which was considered to be very small. However, about the half of the essential oil contained of constituents with very weak antioxidant activity. These include trans-β-caryophinen (2.2%), α- humulene (0.34%), 1.8- cineol (6.15%), 1.8 – cineol isomer (11.8%), linalool (3.29%), 4-terpinol (5.65%), 1-α – terpine (7.93%), isoborneol (0.29%), perillaldehyde (0.09%), β- citronellal (0.03%), α – pinene (3.4%), comphen (3.04%) and β- pinene(4.21 %), our result shows that the essential oil of Libyan Rosemary might have a weak antioxidant activity.

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