Antimicrobial Properties of Mandelic Acid, Gallic Acid and their Derivatives

Purpose: Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are one of the classes of hydroxy acids being beneficial for human health. The manuscript summarizes the biological properties of two popular members of AHAs i.e. mandelic acid (MA) and gallic acid (GA) with particular emphasis on antimicrobial properties. Moreover, attempts to design of new derivatives improving the natural properties of AHAs by using the chemical and physical approach, are discussed. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of MA, an arylalkyl AHA containing phenyl group attached to α-carbon, and GA, an aromatic trihydroxybenzoic acid containing the phenolic ring and carboxylic acid functional group, and their derivatives against common human and plant pathogenic fungi have been reviewed. Results: The antimicrobial activity of MA and GA is a complex phenomenon strictly correlated with other properties exhibited by these acids e.g. pro-oxidative activity, hydrophobicity. In most cases, the acids derivatives exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than acids itself. This is probably because of the higher lipophilicity of moiety that allows better penetration through the cell membrane. Conclusion: MA and GA present an excellent health-promoting tool and are valuable starting materials for the design of new compounds such as metal complexes with alkali, or alkali earth metals. The lipophilic, antimicrobial, and pro-oxidative properties act synergistically supporting the pharmacological and therapeutic effect of acids and their derivatives.

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Basil Essential Oil: Composition, Antimicrobial Properties, and Microencapsulation to Produce Active Chitosan Films for Food Packaging

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Ghita Amor ◽

Mohammed Sabbah ◽

Lucia Caputo ◽

Mohamed Idbella ◽

Vincenzo De Feo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Edible Films ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Packaging System ◽

Cooked Ham

The essential oil (EO) from basil—Ocimum basilicum—was characterized, microencapsulated by vibration technology, and used to prepare a new type of packaging system designed to extend the food shelf life. The basil essential oil (BEO) chemical composition and antimicrobial activity were analyzed, as well as the morphological and biological properties of the derived BEO microcapsules (BEOMC). Analysis of BEO by gas chromatography demonstrated that the main component was linalool, whereas the study of its antimicrobial activity showed a significant inhibitory effect against all the microorganisms tested, mostly Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, the prepared BEOMC showed a spheroidal shape and retained the EO antimicrobial activity. Finally, chitosan-based edible films were produced, grafted with BEOMC, and characterized for their physicochemical and biological properties. Since their effective antimicrobial activity was demonstrated, these films were tested as packaging system by wrapping cooked ham samples during 10 days of storage, with the aim of their possible use to extend the shelf life of the product. It was demonstrated that the obtained active film can both control the bacterial growth of the cooked ham and markedly inhibit the pH increase of the packaged food.

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Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Monensin A and Its Derivatives: Summary of the Achievements

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/742149 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Daniel Łowicki ◽

Adam Huczyński

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Lipid Membranes ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Sodium Cation ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Carboxyl Group ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Monensin A

In this paper structural and microbiological studies on the ionophorous antibiotic monensin A and its derivatives have been collected. Monensin A is an ionophore which selectively complexes and transports sodium cation across lipid membranes, and therefore it shows a variety of biological properties. This antibiotic is commonly used as coccidiostat and nonhormonal growth promoter. The paper focuses on both the latest and earlier achievements concerning monensin A antimicrobial activity. The activities of monensin derivatives, including modifications of hydroxyl groups and carboxyl group, are also presented.

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Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of new 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzoylthioureas

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-010-0092-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carmen Limban ◽

Alexandru Missir ◽

Ileana Chirita ◽

George Nitulescu ◽

Miron Caproiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Phenyl Group ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Methods

AbstractNew acylthiourea derivatives, 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)-N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)benzamides, were tested by qualitative and quantitative methods on various bacterial and fungal strains and proved to be active at low concentrations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. These compounds were prepared by the reaction of 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzoyl isothiocyanate with various primary aromatic amines, and were characterised by melting point and solubility. The structures were identified by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectral data. The level of antimicrobial activity of the new 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzoylthiourea derivatives was dependent on the type, number and position of the substituent on the phenyl group attached to thiourea nitrogen. The iodine and nitro substituents favoured the antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterial strains, while the highest inhibitory effect against Gram-positive and fungal strains was exhibited by compounds with electron-donating substituents such as the methyl and ethyl groups.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Materials: A Literature Review

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 865

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Padilha Janini ◽

Gabriela Fernanda Bombarda ◽

Lauter Eston Pelepenko ◽

Marina Angélica Marcano

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Main Challenge

Endodontic biomaterials have significantly improved dental treatment techniques in several aspects now that they can be used for vital pulp treatments, as temporary intracanal medication, in definitive fillings, in apical surgeries, and for regenerative procedures. Calcium silicate-based cement is a class of dental material that is used in endodontics in direct contact with the dental structures, connective tissue, and bone. Because the material interacts with biological tissues and stimulates biomineralization processes, its properties are of major importance. The main challenge in endodontic treatments is the elimination of biofilms that are present in the root canal system anatomical complexities, as it remains even after chemical-mechanical preparation and disinfection procedures. Thus, an additional challenge for these biomaterials is to exert antimicrobial activity while maintaining their biological properties in parallel. This article reviews the literature for studies considering the antimicrobial properties of calcium silicate-based dental biomaterials used in endodontic practice. Considering the reviewed studies, it can be affirmed that the reduced antimicrobial effect exhibited by calcium silicate-based endodontic materials clearly emphasizes that all clinical procedures prior to their use must be carefully performed. Future studies for the evaluation of these materials, and especially newly proposed materials, under poly-microbial biofilms associated with endodontic diseases will be necessary.

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Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Indole and its Derivatives

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179415666181113144939 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 17-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jaskirat Kaur ◽

Divya Utreja ◽

Ekta ◽

Nisha Jain ◽

Shivali Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Indole Derivatives ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Wide Range ◽

Recent Developments

Background:Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen have been known to possess a very important role in the field of medicinal chemistry. Indole and its derivatives displayed a wide range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, antidepressant, anti-diabetic, antihelmintic and anti-allergic activities etc. The diverse biological activities exhibited by compounds containing indole moiety has provided the impetus to explore its anti-microbial activity in order to save the valuable life of patients. </P><P> Objective: The review focuses on the advances in the synthesis of indole derivatives and antimicrobial properties exhibited by them.Conclusion:A great deal of work has been done in order to synthesize indole derivatives and to evaluate antimicrobial potential, as indicated by the review. The information provided in this article may be helpful for the researchers for the development of efficient antimicrobial drugs.

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STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACALYPHA FRUTICOSA FORSSK.

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Thambiraj J

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rhizopus Sp

The purpose of the study is to examine the antimicrobial efficacy of root extracts of the folklore medicinal plant species, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Servatia sp., Moraxetta sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and ten human pathogenic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A.baumannii, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Mucor rouxii, Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp. for assessing the antimicrobial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the methanol extracts exhibited higher inhibition zone (21.83 mm) against the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher inhibiotion zone (24.83 mm) against the fungus, Rhizopus sp. Results concluded that this spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose.

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACACIA CAESIA (L.) WILD.

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj126 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

Thambiraj J ◽

Paulsamy S

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Mucor Rouxii

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of stem bark extracts of the folklore plant species, Acacia caesia L. by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Servatia sp., Moraxetta sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and ten human pathogenic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A.baumannii, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Mucor rouxii, Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp. for assessing the antimicrobial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher inhibition zone (17.23 mm) against the bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and the fungus, Mucor rouxii (30.77 mm). These results support the therapeutic importance of the species, Acacia caesia in curing infectious diseases and encourage the extensive use of this species in health care practices

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SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN PENTATROPIS MICROPHYLLA (ROTH) WIGHT (APOCYNACEAE)

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj211 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 127-129

Author(s):

Prema R ◽

Thambiraj J

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Diffusion Method

The stem bark extracts of the medicinal plant species, Pentatropis microphylla Roth Wight by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against four human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and fourhuman pathogenic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A.baumannii and Fusarium oxysporum for assessing the antimicrobial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher inhibition zone (17.23 mm) against the bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and the fungus, Aspergillus niger (19.63 mm). Therefore the result strengthens the existing traditional usage of the plant for the therapeutic use.

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Glycolic Acid, Lactic Acid, Mandelic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Citric Acid, Gluconolactone: Skin Exfoliators in Combination Therapy of Acne Vulgaris

International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management ◽

10.47607/ijresm.2020.334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

Vishal Saxena ◽

Krishana Yadav

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Mandelic Acid ◽

Glycolic Acid ◽

Research Study ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Hydroxy Acids ◽

Skin Texture ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Alpha Hydroxy Acids ◽

Facial Acne

Facial acne are a recurring issue in most of the population and can cause disturbing skin issues. A combination of Alpha-hydroxy acids, Beta-hydroxy-acids and Poly-hydroxy acids has become popular for treating acne vulgaris in last few years. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the efficacy & safety of combination of these acids in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The study was conducted on 12 volunteers having mild to moderate to severe acne. They were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of their facial acne. Members of each group were treated with a series of 30% AHA, 2% BHA and 7% PHA. The improvement in their acne condition as well as skin texture was assessed over a period of 6 weeks.

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Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10050555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 555

Author(s):

Nikos Asoutis Didaras ◽

Ioannis Kafantaris ◽

Tilemachos G. Dimitriou ◽

Chrysanthi Mitsagga ◽

Katerina Karatasou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Bee Bread ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Bee bread is the only fermented product of the beehive. It constitutes the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and macro- and microelements in honeybee nutrition and it exerts antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, though research on these aspects has been limited so far. In this study 18 samples of Greek bee bread, two of which were monofloral, were collected during different seasons from diverse locations such as Crete and Mount Athos and were tested for their bioactivity. Samples were analyzed for their antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antimicrobial activity of each sample was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium. Our data demonstrate that all samples exert inhibitory and most of them bactericidal activity against at least two pathogens. Furthermore, all samples exert significant antioxidant activity, where the monofloral Castanea Sativa sample demonstrated superior antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were not strongly correlated. Furthermore, machine learning methods demonstrated that the palynological composition of the samples is a good predictor of their TPC and ABTS activity. This is the first study that focuses on the biological properties of Greek bee bread and demonstrates that bee bread can be considered a functional food and a possible source of novel antimicrobial compounds.

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