scholarly journals Feasibility of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19: A Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Heqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 carry the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which involves multiple systems and organs with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as the most common complication, largely due to cytokine storms or dysregulated immunity. As such, there are many severe patients with complications such as cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), who have a high fatality rate. Neither specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs nor vaccines exist currently. Current treatment relies mainly on self-recovery through patients' immune function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a kind of multipotent tissue stem cells, which have powerful anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory functions, inhibiting the cytokine storms. In addition, MSCs have a strong ability to repair tissue damage and reduce the risk of severe complications such as acute lung injury and ARDS, and hopefully, reduce the fatality rate in these patients. There are several clinical types of research completed for treating COVID-19 with MSCs, all reporting restoration of T cells and clinical safety. Here we discuss the clinical prospect and conclude the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism for MSCs in treating COVID-19.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Prete ◽  
Elvira Favoino ◽  
Giacomo Catacchio ◽  
Vito Racanelli ◽  
Federico Perosa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Intensive Care Therapy ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Immunological Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency because of its highly contagious nature, the great number of patients requiring intensive care therapy, and the high fatality rate. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs, passive prophylaxis, or a vaccine, the treatment aim in these patients is to prevent the potent virus-induced inflammatory stimuli from leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a severe prognosis. Here, the mechanism of action and the rationale for employing immunological strategies, which range from traditional chemically synthesized drugs, anti-cytokine antibodies, human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, to vaccines, are reviewed.

scholarly journals A current update in COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: Focus on mesenchymal stem cell therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nugraha ◽  
Nabila Ananda Kloping ◽  
Resti Yudhawati ◽  
Azham Purwandhono ◽  
Hanik Badriyah Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
A Current

Indonesia has been fighting the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of March 2020, and it doesn’t look that the situation is getting better any soon. Besides the country’s current strategies to minimize the rising mortality rate, a novel therapeutic intervention is required. After a thorough search in several databases, we found stem cells to be a likely candidate. Regardless of the general use of stem cells, studies showed positive results regarding the efficacy of using these in lung injuries. Especially, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their easy accessibility and their diverse mechanisms of action, including MSCs immunomodulatory antiviral effect, and its ability to improve lung function. Moreover, some researches perceived these components to be applicable in COVID-19 patients with end stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While randomized clinical trials are still in progress, many case reports show MSCs to be an advantageous alternative to suppress the cytokine storm and help regulate the immune system. This review summarizes the common functions of MSCs and highlights its therapeutic assets to fully tackle this global pandemic. Key word: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cell Therapy; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; ARDS Abbreviations: COVID-19 – Coronavirus Disease; MSC – Mesenchymal Stem Cell; ARDS – Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Citation: Nugraha D, Kloping NA, Yudhawati R, Purwandhono A, Hidayati HB. A current update in COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: Focus on mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2020;24(6):--- Received: , Reviewed: , Revised: , Accepted:

Toad Intoxication in the Dog by Rhinella marina: The Clinical Syndrome and Current Treatment Recommendations

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Johnnides ◽  
Tiffany Green ◽  
Paul Eubig
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
High Fatality Rate

ABSTRACT Oral exposure to the secretions of Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus) can carry a high fatality rate without early and appropriate treatment. In dogs, the clinical syndrome, which is evident almost immediately, manifests in profuse ptyalism along with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurologic signs. Severe cardiac arrhythmias develop less frequently. This review will cover the history, toxicology, and clinical syndrome of Rhinella marina intoxication, and will discuss the recommended therapies for stabilization.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell research progress for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052095506
Author(s):  
Dezhi Yao ◽  
Huanrong Ye ◽  
Zhirong Huo ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Shixiong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Coagulation Dysfunction

At the end of 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The COVID-19 infection characteristics include a long incubation period, strong infectivity, and high fatality rate, and it negatively affects human health and social development. COVID-19 has become a common problem in the global medical and health system. It is essentially an acute self-limiting disease. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection usually progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct, coagulation dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and even death within a short period after onset. There remains a lack of effective drugs for such patients clinically. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to reduce the risk of complications and death in patients because they have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, which can improve the microenvironment, promote neovascularization, and enhance tissue repair capabilities. China is currently conducting several clinical trials on MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we review the research progress related to using stem cells to treat patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals The potential role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: a critical overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Acosta ◽  
Jeffrey Lotz ◽  
Christopher P. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Doctor Visits

Low-back pain is the most common health problem for men and women between 20 and 50 years of age, resulting in 13 million doctor visits in the US annually, with significant costs to society in terms of lost time from work and direct and indirect medical expenses. Although the exact origin of most cases of low-back pain remains unknown, it is understood that degenerative damage to the intervertebral disc (IVD) plays a central role in the pathogenic mechanism leading to this disorder. Current treatment modalities for disc-related back pain (selective nerve root blocks, surgical discectomy and fusion) are costly procedures aimed only at alleviating symptoms. Consequently, there is growing interest in the development of novel technologies to repair or regenerate the degenerated IVD. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to possess the capacity to differentiate into nucleus pulposus–like cells capable of synthesizing a physiological, proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix characteristic of healthy IVDs. In this article, the authors review the use of MSCs for repopulation of the degenerating IVD. Although important obstacles to the survival and proliferation of stem cells within the degenerating disc need to be overcome, the potential for MSC therapy to slow or reverse the degenerative process remains substantial.

Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on their Differentiation Capacity and Immunomodulatory Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Harrell ◽  
Marina Gazdic ◽  
Crissy Fellabaum ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Background: Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AF-MSCs) are adult, fibroblast- like, self-renewable, multipotent stem cells. During the last decade, the therapeutic potential of AF-MSCs, based on their huge differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory characteristics, has been extensively explored in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Objective: In order to describe molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of AFMSCs, we summarized current knowledge about phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of AF-MSCs. Methods: An extensive literature review was carried out in March 2018 across several databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar), from 1990 to present. Keywords used in the selection were: “amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells”, “cell-therapy”, “degenerative diseases”, “inflammatory diseases”, “regeneration”, “immunosuppression”. Studies that emphasized molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for AF-MSC-based therapy were analyzed in this review. Results: AF-MSCs have huge differentiation and immunosuppressive potential. AF-MSCs are capable of generating cells of mesodermal origin (chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes), neural cells, hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, insulin-producing cells, cardiomyocytes and germ cells. AF-MSCs, in juxtacrine or paracrine manner, regulate proliferation, activation and effector function of immune cells. Due to their huge differentiation capacity and immunosuppressive characteristic, transplantation of AFMSCs showed beneficent effects in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of nervous, respiratory, urogenital, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Conclusion: Considering the fact that amniotic fluid is obtained through routine prenatal diagnosis, with minimal invasive procedure and without ethical concerns, AF-MSCs represents a valuable source for cell-based therapy of organ-specific or systemic degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Nashmin Fayazi ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Properties Discovered with Extraordinary SuccessOK

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Gabriella Racchetti ◽  
Jacopo Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cells distributed in the stromas of the body, are known for various properties including replication, the potential of various differentiations, the immune-related processes including inflammation. About two decades ago, these cells were shown to play relevant roles in the therapy of numerous diseases, dependent on their immune regulation and their release of cytokines and growth factors, with ensuing activation of favorable enzymes and processes. Such discovery induced great increase of their investigation. Soon thereafter, however, it became clear that therapeutic actions of MSCs are risky, accompanied by serious drawbacks and defects. MSC therapy has been therefore reduced to a few diseases, replaced for the others by their extracellular vesicles, the MSC-EVs. The latter vesicles recapitulate most therapeutic actions of MSCs, with equal or even better efficacies and without the serious drawbacks of the parent cells. In addition, MSC-EVs are characterized by many advantages, among which are their heterogeneities dependent on the stromas of origin, the alleviation of cell aging, the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Here we illustrate the MSC-EV therapeutic effects, largely mediated by specific miRNAs, covering various diseases and pathological processes occurring in the bones, heart and vessels, kidney, and brain. MSC-EVs operate also on the development of cancers and on COVID-19, where they alleviate the organ lesions induced by the virus. Therapy by MSC-EVs can be improved by combination of their innate potential to engineering processes inducing precise targeting and transfer of drugs. The unique properties of MSC-EVs explain their intense studies, carried out with extraordinary success. Although not yet developed to clinical practice, the perspectives for proximal future are encouraging.

scholarly journals Bmi1 Augments Proliferation and Survival of Cortical Bone-Derived Stem Cells after Injury through Novel Epigenetic Signaling via Histone 3 Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7813
Author(s):  
Lindsay Kraus ◽  
Chris Bryan ◽  
Marcus Wagner ◽  
Tabito Kino ◽  
Melissa Gunchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Histone 3

Ischemic heart disease can lead to myocardial infarction (MI), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multiple stem cell types have been safely transferred into failing human hearts, but the overall clinical cardiovascular benefits have been modest. Therefore, there is a dire need to understand the basic biology of stem cells to enhance therapeutic effects. Bmi1 is part of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that is involved in different processes including proliferation, survival and differentiation of stem cells. We isolated cortical bones stem cells (CBSCs) from bone stroma, and they express significantly high levels of Bmi1 compared to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac-derived stem cells (CDCs). Using lentiviral transduction, Bmi1 was knocked down in the CBSCs to determine the effect of loss of Bmi1 on proliferation and survival potential with or without Bmi1 in CBSCs. Our data show that with the loss of Bmi1, there is a decrease in CBSC ability to proliferate and survive during stress. This loss of functionality is attributed to changes in histone modification, specifically histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27). Without the proper epigenetic regulation, due to the loss of the polycomb protein in CBSCs, there is a significant decrease in cell cycle proteins, including Cyclin B, E2F, and WEE as well as an increase in DNA damage genes, including ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR). In conclusion, in the absence of Bmi1, CBSCs lose their proliferative potential, have increased DNA damage and apoptosis, and more cell cycle arrest due to changes in epigenetic modifications. Consequently, Bmi1 plays a critical role in stem cell proliferation and survival through cell cycle regulation, specifically in the CBSCs. This regulation is associated with the histone modification and regulation of Bmi1, therefore indicating a novel mechanism of Bmi1 and the epigenetic regulation of stem cells.

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