Biogenesis, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in gastric cancer

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world and has high morbidity and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently linked circular structures. In recent years, plentiful circRNAs have been discovered that participate in many biological processes, including the initiation and development of tumours. Increasing evidences suggest important biological functions of circRNAs, implying that circRNAs may serve as vital new biomarkers and targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Among these, circRNAs are tend to aberrantly expressed and are regarded as potential biomarkers in the carcinogenesis and progression of GC. This review systematically summarised the biogenesis, biological properties and functions of circRNAs, with a focus on their relationship with GC, as well as their probable clinical implications on GC. As our cognition of the relation between circRNAs and GC deepens, more molecular mechanisms of GC progression will be discovered, and new therapeutic strategies will be used for the prevention and treatment of GC.

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CircRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and therapy

Current Gene Therapy ◽

10.2174/1566523221666211202095258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Lijia Su ◽

Jinying Zhao ◽

Huahua Su ◽

Yanhua Wang ◽

Wenfeng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Diagnosis And Therapy ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

New Biomarkers

: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the common histological subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a new class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicated that a large number of circular RNAs were found to be involved in many biological processes, including tumor initiation, proliferation and progression. These circRNAs present great potentials as new biomarkers and vital targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we mainly focus on the differentially expressed circRNAs and their functions in the pathogenesis of LUAD, which makes it possible for the utility of circRNAs as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy. Especially, it is helpful to develop circRNAs as crucial therapeutic targets, thus providing a promising biomedical application in the field of cancer gene therapy.

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CircPTK2 Suppresses the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Targeting the MiR-196a-3p/AATK Axis

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.706415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Gao ◽

Tingting Xia ◽

Mingde Qin ◽

Xiaofeng Xue ◽

Linhua Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Gastric Cancer Cells ◽

Mirna Sponges ◽

Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation

BackgroundGastric cancer is a type of malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. It has been shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert critical roles in gastric cancer progression via working as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate gene expression. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of circRNAs in gastric cancer remain largely unknown.MethodsCircPTK2 (hsa_circ_0005273) was identified by bioinformatics analysis and validated by RT-qPCR assay. Bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter, and RNA pull-down assays were used to determine the interaction between circPTK2, miR-196a-3p, and apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase 1 (AATK).ResultsThe level of circPTK2 was markedly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cells. Upregulation of circPTK2 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, while circPTK2 knockdown exhibited opposite effects. Mechanically, circPTK2 could competitively bind to miR-196a-3p and prevent miR-196a-3p to reduce the expression of AATK. In addition, overexpression of circPTK2 inhibited tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model of gastric cancer.ConclusionCollectively, circPTK2 functions as a tumor suppressor to suppress gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating the miR-196a-3p/AATK axis, suggesting that circPTK2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

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Circular RNAs and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Epigenetic Players With Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.653717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Kedeerya Aishanjiang ◽

Xin-dong Wei ◽

Yi Fu ◽

Xinjie Lin ◽

Yujie Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Novel Targets

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the lack of potent diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets, the overall prognosis of survival is poor in HCC patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures and implicated in diverse physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of circRNAs in HCC diagnosis, prognosis, development, and drug resistance, suggesting that circRNAs may be a class of novel targets for improving HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. In fact, some artificial circRNAs have been engineered and showed their therapeutic potential in treating HCV infection and gastric cancer. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as therapeutic targets for HCC treatments and discuss the challenges in circRNA research and chances of circRNA application.

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Non-Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: Focus on lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13164161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 4161

Author(s):

Yiwei Li ◽

Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak ◽

Philip A. Philip ◽

Asfar S. Azmi ◽

Ramzi M. Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

High Mortality ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Cancer Diagnostics ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Cellular Signal ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignance with high mortality. The lack of early diagnosis and effective therapy contributes to the high mortality of this deadly disease. For a long time being, the alterations in coding RNAs have been considered as major targets for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, with the advances in high-throughput next generation of sequencing more alterations in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered in different cancers. Further mechanistic studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circular RNAs (circRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) play vital roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis, tumor progression and prognosis. In recent years, increasing studies have focused on the roles of ncRNAs in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Novel findings have demonstrated that lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA are critically involved in the regulation of gene expression and cellular signal transduction in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of roles of lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ncRNAs and related signaling in pancreatic cancer therapy. The information provided here will help to find new strategies for better treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Emerging Functions to Clinical Significances

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.667428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yucheng Zhang ◽

Yali Wang

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Early Stage ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver and carries high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing HCC at an early stage is challenging. Therefore, finding new, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients is extremely important. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures. They are characterized by remarkable stability, long half-life, abundance and evolutionary conservation. Recent studies have shown that many circRNAs are expressed aberrantly in HCC tissues and have important regulatory roles during the development and progression of HCC. Hence, circRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This review: (i) summarizes the biogenesis, categories, and functions of circRNAs; (ii) focuses on current progress of dysregulated expression of circRNAs in HCC with regard to regulation of the tumor hallmarks, “stemness” of cancer cells, and immunotherapy; (iii) highlights circRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC; and (iv) discusses some of the challenges, questions and future perspectives of circRNAs research in HCC.

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Research Progress of circRNAs in Glioblastoma

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.791892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Guo ◽

Haozhe Piao

Keyword(s):

Biological Properties ◽

Research Progress ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Specific Expression ◽

New Ideas ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

New Biomarkers ◽

Terminal Poly

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded covalently closed non-coding RNAs without a 5′ cap structure or 3′ terminal poly (A) tail, which are expressed in a variety of tissues and cells with conserved, stable and specific characteristics. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal tumor in the central nervous system, characterized by high recurrence and mortality rates. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has demonstrated their potential to become new biomarkers for the development of GBM. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has shown their potential as new biomarkers for GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, which provides new ideas for GBM treatment. In this paper, we will review the biological properties and functions of circRNAs and their biological roles and clinical applications in GBM.

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Gastric Cancer Associated Genes Identified by an Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression Data

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7259097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bing Jiang ◽

Shuwen Li ◽

Zhi Jiang ◽

Ping Shao

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gastric Cancer ◽

Gene Expression Data ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Integrative Analysis ◽

Literature Mining ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Expression Data ◽

Cancer Heterogeneity ◽

Chemokine Ligand

Gastric cancer is one of the most severe complex diseases with high morbidity and mortality in the world. The molecular mechanisms and risk factors for this disease are still not clear since the cancer heterogeneity caused by different genetic and environmental factors. With more and more expression data accumulated nowadays, we can perform integrative analysis for these data to understand the complexity of gastric cancer and to identify consensus players for the heterogeneous cancer. In the present work, we screened the published gene expression data and analyzed them with integrative tool, combined with pathway and gene ontology enrichment investigation. We identified several consensus differentially expressed genes and these genes were further confirmed with literature mining; at last, two genes, that is, immunoglobulin J chain and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17, were screened as novel gastric cancer associated genes. Experimental validation is proposed to further confirm this finding.

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Differentially expressed genes PCCA, ECHS1, and HADH are potential prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211011344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 003685042110113

Author(s):

Zhongxiang Du ◽

Xiajun Zhang ◽

Weiya Gao ◽

Jie Yang

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Free Survival ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase ◽

New Biomarkers ◽

Disease Free

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. As far as we know, no biomarker has been widely accepted for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GC. The purpose of this study is to find potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis of GC. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) was analyzed from GSE93774. Enrichr was used to analyze the gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, the enrichment of transcription factors (TF), miRNA, and kinase. GO analysis showed DEGs was enriched in the process of amino acid metabolism. Pathway results showed DEGs was mainly enriched in cell cycle. Propionyl CoA carboxylase alpha (PCCA), Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase short chain 1 (ECHS1), and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) have prognostic value in patients with GC. ECHS1 and HADH genes were significantly associated with disease-free survival. There was a significant correlation between PCCA and overall survival rate. The results of this study suggest that PCCA, ECHS1, and HADH may be new biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of GC.

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Effects and prognostic values of miR-30c-5p target genes in gastric cancer via a comprehensive analysis using bioinformatics

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-00043-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shangshang Hu ◽

Huaifeng Liu ◽

Jinyan Zhang ◽

Shujing Li ◽

Huadong Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Target Genes ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

Expression Level ◽

Algorithm Analysis ◽

Depth Of Invasion ◽

New Biomarkers

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of GC, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers by investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this study, miR-30c-5p expression was significantly down-regulated in GC tissues by comprehensive analysis using multiple databases. The target genes of miR-30c-5p with up-regulated expression level in GC were identified, including ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase12), EDNRA (the Endothelin receptor type A), STC1 (stanniocalcin 1), and CPNE8 (the calcium-dependent protein, copine 8). The expression level of ADAM12 was significantly related to depth of invasion (p = 0.036) in GC patients. The expression level of EDNRA was significantly related to grade (P = 0.003), depth of invasion (P = 0.019), and lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.001). The expression level of CPNE8 was significantly related to grade (P = 0.043) and TNM stage (P = 0.027).Gene set enrichment analysis showed that they might participate in GC progression through cancer-related pathways. CIBERSORT algorithm analysis showed that their expressions were related to a variety of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The higher expression of those target genes might be the independent risk factor for poor survival of GC patients, and they might be potential prognostic markers in GC patients.

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Contribution of Spinal Cord Oligodendrocytes to Neuroinflammatory Diseases and Pain

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666180522112441 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (31) ◽

pp. 5781-5810 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sergio M. Borghi ◽

Victor Fattori ◽

Miriam S.N. Hohmann ◽

Waldiceu A. Verri

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Original Research ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Pain Processing ◽

Cns Inflammation ◽

Beneficial Effects

Background: Neuroinflammatory diseases that affect spinal cord or associated spinal nerves represent challenging conditions for management in current medicine because of their complex pathology, poor prognosis, and high morbidity, which strikingly reduces the quality of life of patients. In this sense, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of spinal cord neuroinflammation might contribute to the development of novel therapies. Oligodendrocytes have unique and vital biological properties in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and physiology. A growing body of experimental evidence demonstrates that these glial cells are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying many chronic, neurodegenerative, and incapacitating CNS disorders. These cells also have important implications for the development and maintenance of neural plasticity and chronic pain states. On the other hand, evidence indicates that oligodendrocytes and their products may act in favor of CNS promoting beneficial effects orchestrating CNS tissue repair after injury. Objective: The present review aims to explore the multi-faceted actions of spinal cord oligodendrocyte progenitors cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes in CNS inflammation and pathology, addressing their roles in experimental and clinical settings. A major focus was given to spinal cord amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS)/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), traumatic injury and pain processing. Methods: This review analyses and discusses published original research articles regarding the role of OPCs/oligodendrocytes in spinal cord inflammation and pain processing. Results and Conclusion: Findings from a number of clinical and experimental paradigms suggest spinal cord OPCs/oligodendrocytes are a potential therapeutic target for the control of neuroinflammation.

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