The Effect of Potato Almond Orange Cookies on Their Weight, BMI, Hemoglobin, and Lymphocyte Status of Undernourished Older People during COVID-19 Pandemic
Background: Older people is vulnerable to COVID-19 relates to presence of co-morbidities diseases and low immunity.Undernutrition condition making them prone to anemia (low hemoglobin/Hb) and low lymphocyte level will brings a higher risk for COVID-19 infection. Objective: To assess the effect of potato almond orange cookies on weight, Hb, and lymphocyte levels of undernourished older people amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This 3-week randomized controlled trial involved 48 subjects > 60 years, divided randomly into treatment group (potato almond orange cookies) and control group (potato almond cookies). Lymphocyte and Hb collected before and after the study. Both groups received nutrition education. Analysis was performed using independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: Weight gained in the treatment group (0.7 kg) was significantly different from the control group (p=0.002), with 0.3 point change observed in the BMI of the treatment group. Changes were also seen in vitamin C intake in treatment group (+10.3 mg, p = 0.03) and vitamin E intake in both groups (+4.6 mcg, p = 0.001 and +2.9 mcg, p = 0.001, respectively), but not for inter-group. Weight, Hb and lymphocyte level increased in both groups, with the highest weight increased in the treatment group while the highest Hb increased in the control group. The lymphocyte increased 1 point in both groups. Weight, Hb and lymphocyte level differences were insignificant between the two groups. Conclusion: Potato almond orange consumption tend to increase weight, Hb and lymphocyte level in undernourished older people during COVID-19 pandemic.