Potential Mechanisms Involved in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Methanol Extract of Pyrenancantha staudtii in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Olayemi K. Wakeel ◽  
Oluropo B. Awosan ◽  
Oyetunji T. Kolawole ◽  
Akeem A. Ayankunle ◽  
Olukunle J. Onaolapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objective: To determine the potential effect of Pyrenancantha staudtii extract on experimentally induced seizures in mice and to evaluate the role of benzodiazepines, naloxone, and serotonin within these pathways. Methods: Animal behaviours were evaluated using open field, hexobarbitone-induced sleep model, and anticonvulsant activity using picrotoxin-, or strychnine-, or isoniazid-induced convulsions. Attempt to understand the mode of action of the anticonvulsant activity of the plant, three notable antagonists (flumazenil, 3 mg/kg; naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., and cyproheptadine, 4 mg/kg, i.p) were used. Results: The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the frequency of rearing and grooming episodes compared with the control. The extract of P. staudtii potentiates the sleeping time of hexobarbitone-induced hypnosis in a dose-related manner. P. staudtii stem bark extracts significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the onset of a seizure and attenuated the duration of seizure in a dose-dependent manner in picrotoxin- and or isoniazid-induced seizures. While, P. staudtii stem bark extract at all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) though significantly prolonged the onset of action, but did not confer any significant changes on the duration, as well as mortality in this strychnine-induced seizure model. However, the anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of P. staudtii was significantly reversed following intraperitoneal pre-treatment with flumazenil (GABA receptor antagonist) and naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) but not cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Conclusion: The data obtained suggest that methanol extract of P. staudtii possessed significant anticonvulsant effect, thereby confirming the traditional uses of P. staudtii in the treatment of epilepsy; mechanisms of which could involve the interaction with GABAergic and or opioidergic system.

scholarly journals Hydro ethanol extract of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark exhibits anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects in murine models of acute inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Antwi ◽  
Daniel Oduro-Mensah ◽  
David Darko Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron Opoku Antwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Holarrhena floribunda stem bark has anecdotal use in Ghanaian folk medicine for management of inflammatory conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the bark extract using models of acute inflammation in male Sprague Dawley rats, C57BL/6 mice and 36 ICR mice. Methods: A 70 % hydro-ethanol extract of the stem bark (HFE) was evaluated at doses of 5–500 mg/kg bw. Local anaphylaxis was modelled by the pinnal cutaneous anaphylactic test. Systemic anaphylaxis or sepsis were modeled by compound 48/80 or lipopolysaccharide, respectively. Clonidine-induced catalepsy was used to investigate effect on histamine signaling. Anti-oedematogenic effect was assessed by induction with carrageenan. Effects on mediators of biphasic acute inflammation were studied using histamine and serotonin (early phase) or prostaglandin E2 (late phase).Results: HFE demonstrated anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oedematogenic activity comparable to standard doses of aspirin and diclofenac (inhibitors of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1-receptor antagonist), dexamethasone (glucocorticoid receptor agonist), granisetron (serotonin receptor antagonist) and sodium cromoglycate (inhibitor of mast cell degranulation). All observed HFE bioactivities increased with dose.Conclusions: The data provide evidence that the extract of H. floribunda stem bark has anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects; by interfering with signalling or metabolism of histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E2 which mediate progression of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activities of HFE may be relevant in the context of management of COVID-19.

Evaluation of anticonvulsant potential of aqueous methanolic extract and various fractions of Ajuga bracteosa wall

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sumera Qasim ◽  
Ambreen Malik Uttra ◽  
Umme Habiba Hasan ◽  
Amna Batool
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Gaba Level ◽  
Animal Models Of Epilepsy ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Brain Gaba ◽  
Models Of Epilepsy

We aim to assess the anticonvulsant potential of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. The aqueous methanol extract (30:70) of Ajuga bracteosa and its n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were prepared. Anticonvulsant effect was evaluated using different animal models of epilepsy. Crude extract along with its fractions at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, administered orally to albino mice were appraised against pentylenetetrazole-induced, strychnine-induced and picrotoxin-induced convulsions. Moreover, effect of test substances on brain GABA level and phenobarbitone induced hypnosis was also studied at dose level of 350 and 400 mg/kg. The plant extract and its fractions produced potent dose dependent anticonvulsant activity in all models of epilepsy. In addition, plant extract and fractions increased brain GABA level and potentiated phenobarbitone-induced sleep duration. From the results it can be deduced that Ajuga bracteosa possess potent anticonvulsant activity, supporting its folkloric use in the treatment of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Kulit Batang Songi (Dillenia serrata Thunb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Carla Wulandari Sabandar ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Norizan Ahmat ◽  
Nor-Ashila Aladdin ◽  
Harni Sartika Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Organic Fractions

Songi (Dillenia serrata) is a tree endemic to Southeast Sulawesi and its stem bark been used in folk medicine. Nonetheless, only a handful scientific knowledge regarding chemistry and biological activities has been investigated on the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of the stem bark of the plant. Methanol extract and organic fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol) of the dried powdered stem bark of songi were evaluated for phytochemical screening, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH, FRAP, and XO in vitro assays. Flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins present in the extract. TPC and TFC in extract were 59.2 mg GAE/g and 23.4 mg QE/g. The contents in organic fractions were in solvent-dependent manner (methanol>ethyl acetate>petroleum ether). Extract and fractions scavenged DPPH radicals (48.2–59.7%) at 100 μg/mL compared to ascorbic acid, trolox, and gallic acid (90.3–93.8%). FRAP values varied from 0.8–3.4 μg/μg equivalent trolox amount (quercetin and gallic acid were 25.7 dan 32.4 μg/μg, respectively). They also inhibited xanthine oxidase (15.3–50.3%) at 100 μg/mL (allopurinol, 98.2%). The study concluded the potential of methanol extract and organic fraction of the stem bark of songi, thus highlighted the prospect of songi to be used in herbal and drugs development from nature.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials and Antioxidants Studies of the Stem Bark Extract from Calophyllum ferrugineum

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Izzah Afifah Noh ◽  
Vivien Yi Mian Jong
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ic50 Values

Traditionally, Calophyllum genus was used for swollen gums, arthritis, diarrhea, chronic abscess, skin infections, and lesions treatment. C. ferrugineum from Sarawak has least studied about their phytochemical constituents and biological activities. The objectives are to isolate and characterize the chemical components from C. ferrugineum and to determine their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The plant stem barks were collected from National Park in Sarawak and underwent extraction process. The extracts underwent isolation and purification processes by using several chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was achieved by using infrared, MS and NMR spectra. The isolation process from the species has afforded 5 known compounds;  isocalanone (1) and 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (2), lupeol (3), friedelin (4) and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (5). The chloroform and methanol extract showed strong inhibitions against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 225 and 112.5 µg/mL. Isocalanone (1) and the methanol extract of C. ferrugineum showed potent antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 28 ± 5.23 and 35 ± 3.69 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid, respectively. The results obtained from this study emphasized the potential of the species as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals Antiproliferative Activity of Ethanol Extract of Boswellia dalzielii (Hutch) Stem Bark in Breast Cancer Cell Line

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
A. P. Otitoju ◽  
I. Y. Longdet ◽  
T. E. Alemika ◽  
V. P. Gota
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide

Aim and Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the antiproliferative activity of ethanol extract derived from the Boswellia dalzielii stem bark in breast carcinoma. Methodology: Ethanolic extract of stem bark of Boswellia dalzielii were prepared. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Obtained results in 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay indicated that ethanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark showed significant antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark ethanol extract in MDA-MB231 was 98. 12 μg/mL. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that Boswellia dalzielii stem bark extract possesses significant antiproliferative potential which could be mediated by the chemical constituents present in the plant. However, further research needs to be carried out to determine the effect of the extract on the cell cycle and also to determine the type of cell death produced by the extract.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dari Kulit Batang Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Nurul Cholifah ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Pasjan Satrimafitrah ◽  
Ruslan ◽  
Hardi Ys
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark was used maceration method with methanol solvent and has obtained extract yield of 6.1%. The antibacterial activity test of Moringa oleifera stem bark extracts used a well diffusion method. The concentration of Moringa oleifera stem bark extract was varied to four concentrations of 1% 2% 3% 4% (w/v). The inhibition zone of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark against Staphylococcus aureus at extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% was 10.08 mm, 11.8 mm, 15.00 mm, and 17.02 mm, respectively. The methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% could also inhibition of Escherichia coli growth with inhibition zone of 14.01 mm, 16.50 mm, 17.09 mm, and 17.10 mm, respectively. Keywords: Moringa Oleifera Lam., Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. In Rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Prakash Kore ◽  
Nilofar Shahnwaj Naikwade ◽  
Padma Laxmikant Ladda ◽  
Tabbasum Shabbirahmad Shikalgar ◽  
Shirish Sidgonda Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Perennial Plant

Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. is the perennial plant belongs to family Fabaceae, commonly called as Pigeon pea plant. The presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoids, the flavanone (substituted) from Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. have in vitro neuroactive property. This flavanone named as pinostrobin helps to inhibit voltage – gated sodium channels. Because of its bioactive phytoconstituents it may act as antiepileptic drug. To avoid problems like ADR herbal plant might be alternative to treat epilepsy. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate antiepileptic activity of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Cajanus cajan in rodents. The effect of ELECC in MES-induced convulsions in rat and PTZ-induced convulsion in mice was evaluated using doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 7 days. Phenytoin (25 mg/kg), Diazepam (4 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for respective model. Depending on the model, outcome measures were abolishment of Hind Limb Tonic Extensor phase in MES-induced convulsion in rat and onset of latency, recovery or death in PTZ-induced convulsion in mice as well as biochemical estimation of amino acid neurotransmitter (GABA, Glutamate) were evaluated. The ELECC at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly delayed the HLTE phase in MES-induced convulsions in rat whereas, significantly increased onset of latency in PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. It also showed significant (p>0.0001) effect on the level of GABA and Glutamate in dose dependent manner in both models. The phytochemical study of C. cajan showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Flavonones, Steroids, Tannins, Fixed oil, Fatty acids and Proteins. As the flavonoids present in C. cajan may contribute to the anticonvulsant activity of the plant. Therefore, the presence of such compounds in the extract may be responsible for the anticonvulsant effect. Therefore, present study validates its anticonvulsant activity. Further, research is required to elucidate its specific mechanism of action and isolation of responsible active principles.

scholarly journals Antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata: involvement of monoaminergic, nitric oxide and cholinergic pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Aishatu Shehu ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji ◽  
Jamilu Yau ◽  
Abubakar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Cholinergic Pathways ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Introduction: Hausa people of north-western Nigeria were reported to utilize the plant Adansonia digitata for the management of depressive illnesses in an ethnobotanical survey. Thus, this study aimed to establish the mechanism(s) via which methanol stem bark extract of A. digitata (MEAD) exhibits antidepressant activity in mice. Methods: Antidepressant activity of MEAD was evaluated using tail suspension test (TST) at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. For the mechanistic studies, mice were pre-treated with sulpiride (50 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (1 mg/kg), metergoline (1 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (3 mg/kg), L-arginine (50 mg/kg), N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 50 mg/kg), atropine (1 mg/kg) and naloxone (2 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to MEAD (1000 mg/kg) administration, then antidepressant activity was assessed using TST one hour later. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The extract (at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the duration of immobility in the TST. Sulpiride (D2 receptor antagonist), prazosin and yohimbine (α1 and α2 receptor antagonists, respectively), metergoline and cyproheptadine (5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, respectively) significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the antidepressant effect of MEAD. On the other hand, L-NNA (NOS inhibitor) augmented the antidepressant effect of MEAD while L-arginine (nitric oxide substrate) had no effect on MEAD. However, atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) significantly (P < 0.01) augmented the antidepressant effect of MEAD. Conclusion: The antidepressant activity of methanol stem bark extract of A. digitata was established to be via the monoaminergic, nitric oxide and cholinergic pathways.

scholarly journals Phenolic Profiling and Biological Potential of Ficus curtipes Corner Leaves and Stem Bark: 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition and Interference with NO Levels in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Andrade ◽  
Federico Ferreres ◽  
Nelson G. M. Gomes ◽  
Sutsawat Duangsrisai ◽  
Nattawut Srisombat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Fig Trees

The economic value of fig trees has been globally acknowledged due to their utilization in the food industry, being also frequently used in traditional medicine. While ubiquitously distributed in Southeast Asia, Ficus curtipes Corner remains uninvestigated concerning its biological properties and chemical profile. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn characterization of methanol extracts obtained from the stem bark and leaves allowed the identification and quantitation of 21 phenolic compounds for the first time; the stem bark was predominantly rich in flavan-3-ols and apigenin derivatives, while solely apigenin-di-glycosides have been identified and quantitated on the leaf extract. Both extracts inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity in a concentration-dependent manner, the one obtained from the stem bark being significantly more active (IC50 = 10.75 μg/mL). The effect of both extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated, and while the stem bark extract did not lead to a noticeable interference on nitric oxide (NO) levels, the extract obtained from the leaves notably decreased NO and L-citrulline levels at concentrations ranging from 250 to 500 μg/mL. Herein, F. curtipes is valorized due to its modulatory effects on inflammatory mediators and also as a source of bioactive phenols, which may fuel further studies on the development of nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Antiulcerogenic Activity of 1-Hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone Isolated from the Methanol Extract of Anthocleista vogelii PLANCH. in Rats

Ulcers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
Télesphore B. Nguelefack ◽  
Hippolyte K. Wabo ◽  
Pierre Tane ◽  
Albert Kamanyi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antiulcerogenic Activity

Anthocleista vogelii (Loganiaceae) PLANCH. is used in Cameroonian ethnomedicine for the treatment of stomach ache and for curing fever and is used as purgative. Further investigations have shown that the stem bark of this plant possesses potent antiulcer properties. We have investigated the cytoprotective and antisecretory actions of 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (AV), the xanthone obtained from the methanol extract of the stem bark. Oral administration of AV at the doses of 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg prevented in a dose-dependent manner ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol (60.90 to 93.22%), Indometacin (46.86 to 89.68%), and pylorus ligation (0.00 to 70.69%). AV reduced pylorus-ligated gastric acid secretion from 134.17 mEq/l in the controls to 118.55, 121.50, and 96.93 mEq/l, respectively, for the 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg doses and increased mucus secretion significantly in a dose-dependent manner in all experimental models. The cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of AV could thus be due to its ability to strengthen gastric mucosal defences through enhanced gastric mucus production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document