scholarly journals Suitability of Current Assessment Techniques to Retrodict the Seismic Damage of Buildings: A Case Study in Van, Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
Viorel Popa ◽  
Radu Văcăreanu ◽  
Vasile Oprisoreanu ◽  
Emil Albotă ◽  
Dietlinde Köber
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Assessment Techniques

Two strong earthquakes hit the region of Van (Turkey) in 2012, generating major losses. A large part of the building stock was damaged causing the evacuation of the residents. A post-earthquake investigation team dispatched by the UNESCO through the IPRED platform, six month after the earthquakes, observed the damage state in some still standing buildings. Ten buildings having different structural characteristics were observed. Slight structural damage and severe non-structural damage were observed in three multi-storey apartment buildings, being evacuated at the time of the investigation. Despite the slight structural damage, two multi-storey reinforced concrete shear wall buildings were listed for demolition based on the results of the post-earthquake rapid assessment. These two buildings were recently built based on modern seismic design regulations. The design blueprints were available to the investigation team with the support of the local community of Van. Various rapid post-earthquake investigation techniques applied by the investigation team generated contradictory results. A comprehensive seismic assessment was carried out to retrodict the observed seismic damage. Various methods were applied starting from simple rapid assessment techniques to more elaborated structural analysis based on nonlinear dynamic procedure. In the latter case, strength and stiffness degrading hysteretic models were applied and the non-structural masonry walls were considered in the analytical model. This paper presents the results of these structural analyses in comparison with the observed damage on site. Conclusions regarding the suitability of the applied seismic assessment techniques to retrodict the damage level of the investigated structures are drawn. Some findings of the post-earthquake investigation team are presented as well.

scholarly journals Performance of RC and Masonry Structures During 2019 Durrës Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsed Leti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Rc Building

Albania has suffered from major earthquakes in the past century that have caused varying levels of damage to buildings. As a result of the number of damaged buildings and loss of life, attention has focused mostly on the poor performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures in low and mid-rise buildings. This paper presents the results of a reconnaissance visits to the disaster-stricken area in the Durrës region in Albania and covers many zones in the region where historical and modern buildings suffered serious structural damage or collapses during the November 26, 2019, Durrës Earthquake. Special emphasis was placed on masonry and RC buildings, since the damage level was high in these buildings. The consequences of the Durrës earthquake are important for similar masonry and RC building stock in other seismically vulnerable European cities. Regularity of the structural system, quality of the material utilized, the distribution of mass and stiffness through the building, the ratio of openings on masonry walls and diaphragm stiffness have a crucial influence on the structural response. Inappropriate interventions led to serious damage or collapses, resulting in casualties. Examples of numerous damage types, as witnessed during the site visits to the affected region are presented, along with technically explanation of causes for the damages.

scholarly journals Seismic Damage Rapid Assessment of Road Networks considering Individual Road Damage State and Reliability of Road Networks in Emergency Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
Hanxi Jia ◽  
Junqi Lin ◽  
Heng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Network Reliability ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Emergency Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Decision

Road networks are one of the vital components of a transportation system that influence the traffic capacity and disaster losses after the earthquakes. The road network reliability is crucial for the postearthquake emergency decision-making. In this study, a method is proposed to assess the seismic damage of road networks considering individual road damage state and reliability of road networks in emergency conditions. First, we assess the importance of the factors that affect seismic road damage using the AdaBoost algorithm. In addition, artificial neural networks are used to evaluate the damage state of an individual road based on the factors that are selected with higher importance. Then, the improved estimation for the reliability of road networks is adopted to assess the damage of road networks. Last, the method is demonstrated using the road networks in Karamay, China.

scholarly journals Can biosensors and sensors operating in a complex matrix of local and international standards solve environmental quality problems of catchments?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Clifford Tafangenyasha
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Assessment Techniques

This research aims at throwing light on applications of biological rapid assessment tools in the monitoring of environmental quality in Runde River catchment with intensive commercial sugarcane production. Burdened with drudgery in wet laboratory techniques, biological sensors (biosensors) and sensors can integrate catchment data from rapid assessment techniques to networks or Internet of Things (IoT). This research examines the techniques presented by biosensors and sensors and provides the checkboxes for sustained catchment monitoring. With available recent evidence from surveys it turns out the Runde River may not be polluted but this may reflect the time the survey was undertaken and suggestions made for routine checks

Seismic Damage Analysis and the Study of Reinforcement Measures for RC Frame Structure Building in Civil Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 568 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Rc Frame Structure ◽  
Reinforcement Measures

In 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake, most of the buildings were damaged at different degrees in Mianyang. To analysis seismic damage of RC frame structure building, and investigate its reinforcement situation，the results show that: For destruction of frame column or bottom frame structure column, enlarge section method is used mostly for reinforcement in civil engineering；To serious damage of affiliated structure such as filler wall and Parapet, most of them will be demolished and built again, and add constructional column; To the situation of concrete bottom plate with crack, paste carbon fiber sheet or bottom plant steel was used depending on the structural damage degree, and jet concrete for strengthening.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation and experimental comparison of flaw evolution on a bearing raceway: Case of thrust ball bearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Toumi ◽  
S. Murer ◽  
F. Bogard ◽  
F. Bolaers
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rolling Surface ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Bearings are essential elements in the design of rotating machines. In an industrial context, bearing failure can have costly consequences. This paper presents a study of the rolling contact fatigue damage applied to thrust ball bearings. It consists in building a dynamic three-dimensional numerical model of the cyclic shift of a ball on an indented rolling surface, using finite element analysis (FEA). Assessment of the evolution in size of a surface spall as a function of loading cycles is also performed using FEM coupled with fatigue laws. Results are in good agreement with laboratory tests carried out under the same conditions using a fatigue test cell dedicated to ball bearings. This study may improve knowledge about estimating the lifetime of rolling components after onset of a spall using FEA and accounting for structural damage state. Highlights The experimental apparatus and damaged thrust ball bearing are described. We model a portion of the thrust ball bearing featuring a spherical indent. Numerical results in terms of stress field are compared to analytical results from the literature. A fatigue software is used to assess the evolution of spalling size. Good agreement is obtained between experimental test campaigns at different loads and FEA results.

Numerical Methods for the Seismic Performance Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings

2017 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Ulgen Mert Tugsal ◽  
Beyza Taskin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Seismic Performance Assessment ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Clear Majority

Considering the fact that similar structural and construction deficiencies which are exposed during the recent destructive earthquake events are existing in many southern European, Middle Eastern and west Asian countries settling on highly seismic zones, designating the seismic adequacy of the existing building stock for providing structural safety is a significant necessitation in the mitigation of losses during the future seismic events. In most of these regions, a clear majority of the building stock has not been adequately designed or constructed in terms of the seismic regulations of the design codes, while some have even not benefitted from engineering services. Post-earthquake site observations demonstrate the insufficient capacities in these buildings depending on different structural and construction deficiencies. Within the scope of this research, it is aimed to investigate and compare the analytically calculated structural performances of a building ensemble consists of 3~5 story structures with known damage level by utilizing different procedures.

Behavior of multidirectional friction dampers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 1969-1979
Author(s):  
Recep Suk ◽  
Gökhan Altintaș
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Damper ◽  
Earthquake Performance ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Property Losses

Earthquakes are catastrophic events causing loss of lives, injuries, and extensive losses in properties. Majority of the life and property losses of earthquakes are dependent on the incapabilities of the building stock to resist earthquakes. Although unsuitable design, analyses, and production techniques play a major role as the main reasons for the poor performance of buildings against earthquakes, buildings constructed in accordance with building codes also suffer from the devastating impact of earthquakes. In this context, the lack of proper management and adequate damping of the energy caused by earthquakes is a major cause of structural damage in earthquakes. The efficiency of conventional basic elements in structures with energy damping is very limited and may not be sufficient for the damping of a large amount of earthquake-induced energy. Thanks to the rapid advances in technology and associated engineering techniques, numerous new products, and production and calculation techniques are underway to mitigate the devastating effects of earthquakes on buildings. In this study, it was aimed to theoretically and experimentally investigate the performance of a versatile friction-type seismic damper that eliminates earthquake energy. The damper is designed using a spherical surface friction joint to respond to all loads regardless of the loading direction. The damper can be easily adjusted to the desired capacity by means of bolt tensioning elements. Experiments have been carried out for various shear loads and damping parameters. Furthermore, numerical analysis of the model was carried out by use of the finite element method. The results of this study revealed that the shear load capacity of the device did not change at different frequencies. Analyzing the effect of the equipment on a structure, it was understood that it reduces roof displacement and periods of the structure. The analysis revealed that the damper significantly improved the earthquake performance of the structure.

scholarly journals Seismic Damage Model of Bridge Piers Subjected to Biaxial Loading Considering the Impact of Energy Dissipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangshun Lin ◽  
Zhanghua Xia ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Biaxial Loading ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
The Impact

The large degradation of the mechanical performance of hollow reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers subjected to multi-dimensional earthquakes has not been thoroughly assessed. This paper aims to improve the existing seismic damage model to assess the seismic properties of tall, hollow RC piers subjected to pseudo-static, biaxial loading. Cyclic bilateral loading tests on fourteen 1/14-scale pier specimens with different slenderness ratios, axial load ratios, and transverse reinforcement ratios were carried out to investigate the damage propagation and the cumulative dissipated energy with displacement loads. By considering the influence of energy dissipation on structural damage, a new damage model (M-Usami model) was developed to assess the damage characteristics of hollow RC piers. The results present four consecutive damage stages during the loading process: (a) cracking on concrete surface, (b) yielding of longitudinal reinforcements; (c) spalling of concrete, and (d) collapsing of pier after the concrete crushed and the longitudinal bars ruptured due to the flexural failure. The damage level caused by the seismic waves can be reduced by designing specimens with a good seismic energy dissipation capacity. The theoretical damage index values calculated by the M-Usami model agreed well with the experimental observations. The developed M-Usami model can provide insights into the approaches to assessing the seismic damage of hollow RC piers subjected to bilateral seismic excitations.

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