Indonesian Strain of Lactobacillus reuteri Probiotic Reduces the Initial Biofilm Colonization

Background: The benefits of probiotics for human health have long been proven. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri, can produce a beneficial broad-spectrum antibacterial compound called reuterin by metabolizing glycerol. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Indonesian strain of L. reuteri LC382415 on mono- and dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms in vitro. Methods: Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis were cultured in BHI broth. Lactobacillus reuteri LC382415 was inoculated on MRS agar. The different concentrations effect of L. reuteri (1×104, 1×106, and 1×108 CFU/mL) with and without glycerol supplementation on microbial biofilms were examined using a biofilm assay after incubation for 1,3,6, and 24-h. The biofilm mass optical density was measured with a microplate spectrophotometer at 490 nm. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) was used as a positive control, and wells without treatment were used as negative controls. Results: A significant reduction in mono- and dual-species S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm formation was observed after treatment with all concentrations of L.reuteri and after all incubation periods (p<0.05) with or without glycerol supplementation. The concentration of 1×104 CFU/mL after 3-h incubation was the most effective in inhibiting biofilm formation, with 87.8% S. mutans, 95.9% S. sanguinis, and 80.4% dual-species biofilm reduction compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Indonesian strain of L. reuteri effectively reduces mono- and dual-species S.mutans and S. sanguinis biofilms. This suggests that it may be useful in preventing biofilm formation in oral cavities. Future studies on the mechanism of action of this active component are warranted.

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EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB. ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.181 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 75-78

Author(s):

FARIDA ERVINTARI ◽

RIA PUSPITAWATI ◽

SRI UTAMI

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Negative Controls

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol Curcuma extract on the viability of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in a dualspeciesin vitro biofilm model.Methods: Dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and S. sanguinis were exposed to ethanol Curcuma extract at various concentrations. The sample ofsaliva was gathered from healthy volunteers. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control, and bacterial culture without intervention servedas a negative control. The total suspensions of 10−as were prepared for S. mutans and S. sanguinis cells. The bacteria were incubated for 20 h (activematuration phase) and 24 h (maturation phase).Results: The result showed decreased S. mutans and S. sanguinis viability after exposure to 0.2%–25% Curcuma ethanol extracts during the activeaccumulation and maturation phases. The decrease in bacterial viability was significantly different in all concentrations of Curcuma ethanol extractscompared with negative controls (p<0.05) in the active accumulation and maturation phases.Conclusion: Temulawak ethanol extract (starting at 0.2%) can decrease the viability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis in a dual species in vitro biofilmmodel during the accumulation and maturation phases.

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Anti-biofilm Activity of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00875 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5019-5023

Author(s):

Prawati Nuraini ◽

Mega Moeharyono Puteri ◽

EksaArinda Pramesty

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Hoc

Dental caries is a disease caused by Streptococcus mutans. The use of chlorhexidine to inhibit bacterial colonization has side effects such as tooth staining and can kill the normal flora when used long term. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a chemical compound in the form of polyphenols from green tea catechins which have antimicrobial potency to inhibit microorganism growth and biofilm formation. Type Laboratory Experimental Research In-vitro. The group that will be studied are the negative control group in the form of S.mutans + 5% sucrose, the treatment group in the form of S. mutans + 5% sucrose and EGCG concentration of 0.125mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml, 0.375mg/ml and a positive control group is S.mutans + 5% sucrose and 0.1% chlorhexidine. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine the normality of the data, Levene's test for homogeneity of data, One Way ANOVA Post Hoc Tukey HSD Multiple Comparison to determine differences between treatments. Results: There were significant differences between the treatment groups and the negative control at test results Post Hoc Tukey HSD and the significant differences in the concentration of EGCG 0.375mg/ml with the positive control given chlorhexidine 0.1% (p <0.05). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) influence on the activity of S. mutans biofilm formation and EGCG concentration of 0.375mg/ml are more effective as an antibiofilm of S. mutans compared with chlorhexidine 0.1%.

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Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 86-93

Author(s):

Gustavo Antônio Martins Brandão ◽

Rafael Menezes Simas ◽

Leandro Moreira de Almeida ◽

Juliana Melo da Silva ◽

Marcelo de Castro Meneghim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Surface Polishing ◽

Aluminium Ion ◽

Negative Controls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.

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AN INVITRO COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTICANDIDAL HERBS (GINGER & TURMERIC) ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i1.76 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bafna Harshal P ◽

Lunawat Sadhana R ◽

Vathar Jagdishchandra ◽

Kalantharakath Thanveer ◽

Ricky Pal Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Dimethyl Formamide ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Inert Solvent

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial effect of turmeric and ginger extracts on Streptococcus mutans in in-vitro conditions. Material & Method: An in-vitro experimental study was conducted in a laboratory setting. Ethanolic extract of Ginger and Turmeric was prepared separately by cold masseration technique. The extract of each was then diluted with an inert solvent, Dimethyl Formamide, to obtain 5 different concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of each. 0.2% chlorhexidine was used as a positive control and dimethyl formamide was used as negative control. The different extracts, along with controls, were then subjected to microbiological investigation to determine which gave a wider zone of inhibition against streptococcus mutans. The zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Results: Turmeric extracts presented the largest zone of inhibition 33mm at the concentration of 8%, while Ginger extract showed a zone of inhibition of 34mm at the concentration of 10%. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Turmeric demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Strptococcus Mutans at a lower concentration than that of Ginger. Keywords: Ginger, Turmeric, Streptococcus Mutans.

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Avaliação in vitro da Atividade Antimicrobiana de Extrato Alcoólico de Própolis Comparado à Solução de Clorexidina 0,12%

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n2p95-97 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Maria Paula Jacobucci Botelho ◽

Amanda Da Silva ◽

Fernanda Da Conceição Antônio Ferreira ◽

Lígia Maria Molinari Capel

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽

Broad Understanding

Apesar dos esforços e do amplo entendimento sobre a cárie dental, está continua bastante prevalente em determinados segmentos da população. A doença apresenta etiologia multifatorial, com a dieta e os micro-organismos envolvidos desenvolvendo papéis fundamentais. Os Streptococcus mutans têm papel fundamental em seu início e é ubíquo em crianças a partir dos sete anos de idade. Para controlar essas bactérias é preciso uma dieta com baixo consumo de sacarose e de carboidratos fermentáveis, o que nem sempre se consegue. Sua remoção da superfície dentária só é possível por meio da fricção mecânica, mas pode-se prevenir sua presença no biofilme dentário através da utilização de antissépticos. O mais utilizado na Odontologia é a clorexidina, porém como não é isenta de efeitos adversos, atualmente, vêm-se estudando produtos alternativos, dentre os quais alguns agentes fitoterápicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade da própolis contra os S. mutans em relação à clorexidina. Foi analisada própolis 70% diluída em álcool 96% e após diluída em água potável 5ml, própolis 50%, própolis 12% e clorexidina 0,12% (controle positivo), e solução salina (controle negativo). O operador foi cego em relação às substâncias que estava utilizando. Somente a clorexidina 0.12% e a própolis 12% apresentaram halo de inibição claro. Neste estudo, a clorexidina apresentou melhor atividade contra os S.mutans.Palavras-chave: Clorexidina. Cárie Dentária. Streptococcus mutans.AbstractDespite the efforts and the broad understanding on dental caries, it is still quite prevalent in certain segments of the population. The disease shows a multifactorial etiology, with diet and microorganisms involved developing fundamental roles. The Streptococcus mutans has key role in its beginning and is ubiquitous in children as young as seven years of age. To control these bacteria a diet is necessary with low consumption of sucrose and of fermentable carbohydrates, which is not always possible. The tooth surface removal is only possible through mechanical friction, but it is possible to prevent the presence of dental biofilm through the use of antiseptics. The most widely used in dentistry is chlorhexidine, however as it is not devoid of adverse effects, currently alternative products have been studying, among which some herbal agents. The aim of this study was to analyze the activity of propolis against S. mutans compared to chlorhexidine. Propolis was analyzed diluted in 70% ethanol 96% and further diluted in drinking water 5ml, 50% propolis, propolis 12% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control), and saline (negative control). The operator was blinded for the substances he was using. Only 0.12% chlorhexidine and 12% propolis showed clear inhibition halo. In this study the chlorhexidine presented better activity against S. mutans.Keywords: Chlorhexidine. Dental Caries. Antimicrobials. Streptococcus mutans

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The Effectiveness Of Anchovy Concentration (Stolephorus insularis) as Antimicrobial to Streptococcus mutans (In Vitro)

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v10i1.37 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Almira Fa’Izah ◽

Istien Wardani ◽

Diana Soesilo

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Control Group Design

Background: Dental and oral diseases which are often found in children is dental caries. Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of caries. Caries can be prevented by using a topical application of fluoride. The Anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) contains protein, vitamins (A, B1, C), and minerals (Fe, Ca, K, F). Calcium fluoride (CaF2) within the anchovy can inhibit the occurrence of dental caries. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial ability of anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) to Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. Diffusion method were applied with 2 controls: negative control used DMSO 1%, positive control used NaF solution, and 3 concentrations of anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) 3%, 6%, and 12%, each group were composed of 6 samples. Antimicrobial was assessed by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the discs contained the anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: The results from this study showed clear zone around the discs of the anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis). The more concentration of the extract showed the more antimirobial zone diameter. The average zone of antimicrobial at the concentration of 3% were 7,11 mm, 6% 9,5 mm, 12% 10,78 mm, for the negative control DMSO 1% 6 mm and the positive control NaF solution 8,16 mm. The largest diameter of the clear zone was at concentration of 12% (P < 0,05). Conclusion: The anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) had an antimicrobial effect to the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

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Effects of a new chlorhexidine varnish on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 573-579

Author(s):

Ali Hayati ◽

Farhud Najafi ◽

Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Abstract Background Local sustained-release drug delivery systems increase the substantivity of drugs in the oral environment and subsequently enhance their therapeutic effects. This study sought to compare the effects of two commercially available varnishes and one experimental chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The solubility rates of the varnishes were evaluated as well. Methods Standard acrylic discs were fabricated and divided into groups based on the varnish applied to the disc surfaces, namely, V-varnish, Pascal, and experimental CHX varnish. The effects of the varnishes on S. mutans biofilm were assessed after 48 h. Bacterial growth on the discs was evaluated by colony count and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility was assessed by immersing the samples in phosphate buffered saline and recording their weight changes at different times. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results In the Pascal and experimental varnish groups, the total number of bacteria did not differ from that in the negative control group. The SEM findings confirmed the aforementioned results. Solubility varied significantly among the materials. V-varnish was detached from the surfaces after 2 days. No significant weight change was noted in the experimental varnish group at 14 days, while Pascal varnish showed gradual weight loss from the 5th day to the 10th day and had a plateau thereafter. Conclusions Biofilm formation was inhibited by the Pascal and experimental varnishes but not by the V-varnish. The highest acceptable rate of solubility was observed in the Pascal samples.

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UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (ANNONA MURICATA LINN.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) ◽

10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Yurlina Zai ◽

Agnes Yohana Kristino ◽

Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution ◽

Oliviti Natali

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Research Model ◽

Negative Controls

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.). The method used is the agar diffusion method. The leaves were extracted by maceration method, using ethanol as a solvent. The soursop leaf extract obtained was then diluted using ethanol 96% at a concentration of 20%, 40%,60%, 80%. Positive control using clindamycin and negative controls using sterile aquadest. The research model used in this study is an experimental research model In Vitro of type. The results showed that soursop leaf extract had antibacterial effectiveness against Propionibacterium acnes with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9,7 mm; 13,7 mm; 15,7 mm; 16,3 mm; positive control (clindamysin) 21,0 mm; and negative control (aquadest) have no value tobe able to inhibit bacterial growth.

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Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activities of Saba senegalensis (A.DC) Pichon (Apocynaceae) Extracts and Fractions on Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae)

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v31i630327 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga ◽

Aristide Traoré ◽

Lazare Belemnaba ◽

Félix Bondo Kini ◽

Sylvin Ouédraogo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Heligmosomoides Bakeri ◽

Saba Senegalensis ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Eggs And Larvae

Aims: To investigate ovicidal and larvicidal activities of an aqueous decoction (AD) and hydroethanolic macerate (HEM) extracts and fractions of the leaves of Saba senegalensis. Study Design: In vitro, the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of AD and HEM extracts and fractions of the leaves of Saba senegalensis on the eggs and larvae (L1) of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute of Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) between June 2015 and December 2016. Methodology: The phytochemical groups of the extract and fractions of Saba senegalensis were determined by a colorimetric and Thin Layer Chromatography methods. The eggs were obtained from feces of mice deliberately infected and the larvae from the eggs were incubated at 25 ±2℃ for 72 hours. Eggs and larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations (100; 625; 1250; 2500; 3750 µg/mL) of the different extracts, 48 hours and 24 hours for the eggs and larvae respectively. Distilled water and DMSO 0.1% were used as negative controls while albendazole and levamisole were used as positive controls. Results: The phytochemical groups of interest are the tannins, saponins, flavonoids and triterpenes. The negative control had given 2.16% of egg hatch inhibition and 0% of larvae mortality mean while the positive control had given 100% in both cases. The extracts inhibited eggs hatching and affected larval survival. Pharmacological effects were concentration-dependent. The ovicidal and larvicidal activity of HEM is more interesting than that of AD with an Emax = 95.60% and an IC50 = 390 µg/mL. It is the same for the larvicidal activity with Emax = 100% and an LC50 = 900 µg/mL. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results show the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of the S. senegalensis leaves.

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kamboja (Plumeria Sp) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro

Edu Masda Journal ◽

10.52118/edumasda.v1i1.45 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Susanti Erikania ◽

Yetty Hariningsih

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Nutrient Agar ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Negative Controls

Tanaman obat menjadi sumber utama ditemukannya senyawa kimia baru yang memiliki khasiat secara farmakologi, salah satunya adalah tanaman kamboja (Plumeria sp). Tanaman kamboja adalah salah satu tanaman tradisional yang dilaporkan mempunyai berbagai khasiat, antara lain daunnya sebagai pencahar, antigatal dan antibakteri, buah dan kulit batangnya dilaporkan berefek antiinflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas daun kamboja sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan meliputi kontrol negatif yaitu DMSO dengan konsentrasi 10 %, kontrol positif yaitu kloramfenikol konsentrasi 30 µg/disk dan ekstrak etanol daun kamboja (Plumeria sp) masing-masing sebesar 25 %, 50 % dan 100 %. Media yang digunakan adalah media nutrient agar (NA). Media steril yang telah diinokulasi dengan Escherichia coli selanjutnya diberi perlakuan dengan kertas cakram yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan sampel, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran zona hambat menggunakan jangka sorong. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya zona hambat pada kelompok perlakuan ekstrak etanol daun kamboja pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 100 % dan kontrol positif, dan tidak tedapat zona hambat pada kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol negatif. Ekstrak etanol daun kamboja mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan daya hambat minimal adalah konsentrasi 25% yaitu menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 7,13 mm, konsentrasi 50 % menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 10,17 mm dan konsentrasi 100% memiliki nilai zona hambat paling besar yaitu 14,50 mm. Kata Kunci : Ekstrak etanol daun kamboja, Metode difusi cakram, Streptococcus mutans, Uji aktivitas antibakteri ABSTRACTMedicinal plants are the main source of the discovery of new chemical compounds that have pharmacological properties, one of which is frangipani (Plumeria sp). Frangipani plants are one of the traditional plants that are reported to have various benefits, including laxative, and antibacterial leaves, fruit and bark reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of frangipani leaves as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli in vitro. This study uses a disk diffusion method with 5 treatment groups including negative control, namely DMSO with a concentration of 10%, positive control that is chloramphenicol concentration of 30 µg / disk and ethanol extract of frangipani leaves (Plumeria sp) each by 25%, 50% and 100% . The media used is nutrient agar (NA). Sterile media that have been inoculated with Escherichia coli are then treated with disc paper consisting of negative controls, positive controls and samples, then incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Furthermore, inhibition zone measurements were made using calipers. The study showed that there were inhibitory zones in the treatment group of frangipani leaf ethanol extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 100% and positive control, and there were no inhibitory zones in the treatment group with negative controls. Ethanol extract of frangipani leaves can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25% which produces a inhibition zone of 7.13 mm, a concentration of 50% produces an inhibitory zone of 10.17 mm and a concentration of 100% has the greatest inhibition zone value of 14 50 mm. Keywords: Frangipani leaf ethanol extract, Disc diffusion method, Streptococcus mutans, activity test antibacterial

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