scholarly journals Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Lubna Y. ALjaafreha ◽  
Mohmmed Tawalbeh ◽  
Asem A. Shehabi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Introduction: Otitis external infection is an inflammation of the ear canal frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus auerus. Objective: This study investigated the spectrum of bacterial and fungal agents that cause otitis external infection in Jordanian patients with an emphasis on important antimicrobial resistance genes and putative virulence factors of P. aeruginosa isolates using molecular PCR methods. Methods: A total of 128 ear swab samples were obtained from outpatients with otitis external infection of Ear-Nose-Throat Clinic (ENT) from the Jordan University Hospital (JUH). All samples were cultured for bacteria and fungi and their growth was identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination as well as recommended biochemical tests. Results: Positive growth of bacteria and fungi were found in 105/128 (82%) of the examined cases. A total of 28 (22%) of the recovered organisms from ear samples were P. aeruginosa. A total of 11/28 (39%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) which are resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Both blaIMP-15 and VIM genes were not detected, while KPC genes were found in 57% among all isolates. The rates of the potential virulence genes found among 28 P. aeruginosa isolates were as follows: lasB, algD, toxA, exoU PilB and exoS at 100%, 100%, 82%, 72%, 54% and 25%, respectively. All isolates produced beta hemolysis on both human and sheep blood agar and showed either the pigment pyoverdin (57.1%) or pyocyanin (42.8%). Conclusion: Accurate identification of the causative agent of otitis external infection and its susceptibility to antibiotics especially P.aeruginosa is highly important for successful treatment. No significant relationship has been found between MDR P. aeruginosa and the presence of virulence genes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbiological Performance and the Potential Clinical Impact of the ePlex® Blood Culture Identification Panels for the Rapid Diagnosis of Bacteremia and Fungemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bryant ◽  
Iyad Almahmoud ◽  
Isabelle Pierre ◽  
Julie Bardet ◽  
Saber Touati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Potential Clinical Impact

Molecular rapid diagnostic assays associated with antimicrobial stewardship have proven effective for the early adaptation of empiric therapy in bloodstream infections. The ePlex® BCID (GenMark Diagnostics) Panels allow identification of 56 bacteria and fungi and 10 resistance genes in 90 min directly from positive blood cultures. We prospectively evaluated 187 sepsis episodes at Grenoble University Hospital and retrospectively analyzed the cases to measure the potential clinical impact of the ePlex BCID results. Identification of all pathogens was obtained for 164/187 (88%) bloodstream infections with 100% detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (17 blaCTX-M, 1 vanA, and 17 mecA genes). Only 15/209 (7%) strains were not covered by the panels. Sensitivity for detection of micro-organisms targeted by the RUO BCID-GP, BCID-GN, and BCID-FP Panels was respectively 84/84 (100%), 103/107 (96%), and 14/14 (100%). Interestingly, accurate identification of all pathogens was achieved in 15/17 (88%) polymicrobial samples. Retrospective analysis of medical records showed that a modification of antimicrobial treatment would have been done in 45% of the patients. Treatment modifications would have been an optimization of empiric therapy, a de-escalation or an escalation in respectively 16, 17, and 11% of the patients. Moreover, 11% of the samples were classified as contaminants or not clinically relevant and would have led to early de-escalation or withdrawal of any antibiotic. Detection of resistance genes in addition to identification alone increased escalation rate from 4 to 11% of the patients. Absence of the ePlex result was considered a lost opportunity for therapy modification in 28% of patients.

scholarly journals Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains-Distribution of the Essential Enzymatic Virulence Factors Genes

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bogiel ◽  
Małgorzata Prażyńska ◽  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Agnieszka Mikucka ◽  
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Alkaline Protease ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Difference

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens, with increasing isolation frequency in nosocomial infections. Herein, we investigated whether antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, e.g., metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates, may possess a reduced number of virulence genes, resulting from appropriate genome management to adapt to a changing hospital environment. Hospital conditions, such as selective pressure, may lead to the replacement of virulence genes by antimicrobial resistance genes that are crucial to survive under current conditions. The study aimed to compare, using PCR, the frequency of the chosen enzymatic virulence factor genes (alkaline protease-aprA, elastase B-lasB, neuraminidases-nan1 and nan2, and both variants of phospholipase C-plcH and plcN) to MBL distribution among 107 non-duplicated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. The gene encoding alkaline protease was noted with the highest frequency (100%), while the neuraminidase-1 gene was observed in 37.4% of the examined strains. The difference in lasB and nan1 prevalence amongst the MBL-positive and MBL-negative strains, was statistically significant. Although P. aeruginosa virulence is generally more likely determined by the complex regulation of the virulence gene expression, herein, we found differences in the prevalence of various virulence genes in MBL-producers.

scholarly journals Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Jian Yin ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Zewei Li ◽  
Yuanzhao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

scholarly journals Increasing frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections during tigecycline use

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Ulu-Kilic ◽  
Emine Alp ◽  
Dilek Altun ◽  
Fatma Cevahir ◽  
Gamze Kalın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Thoracic Drainage ◽  
Tertiary Care Facility

Introduction: The widespread use of tigecycline raises the question of increasing infection rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in ICUs which are not affected by this antibiotic. Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with tigecycline is a risk factor for PA infection in ICU patients. Methodology: A retrospective and observational study was conducted at Erciyes University Hospital, Turkey, between 2008 and 2010. The Erciyes University Hospital is a 1300-bed tertiary care facility. The patients included in this study were hospitalized in four adult ICUs. Patients with PA infections (case group) were compared with patients with nosocomial infection other than PA (control group). Results: A total of 1,167 patients with any nosocomial infections were included in the study. Two hundred and seventy eight (23.8%) of the patients had PA infection during their ICU stay. Fifty nine patients (21.2%) in the case group received tigecycline before developing PA infections, which were found to be significantly more frequent than in the controls (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for PA infection were previous tigecycline use (4 times), external ventricular shunt (4.2 times), thoracic drainage catheter (2.5 times) and tracheostomy (1.6 times). Conclusion: Our results contribute to the need for new studies to determine the safety of tigecycline use, especially for the treatment of critically ill patients. Since tigecycline seems to be an alternative for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, rational use of this antibiotic in ICU patients is essential.

Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a French university hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cholley ◽  
H. Gbaguidi-Haore ◽  
X. Bertrand ◽  
M. Thouverez ◽  
P. Plésiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Exoenzyme S Gene in Multidrug-Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bogiel ◽  
Aleksander Deptuła ◽  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Małgorzata Prażyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Mikucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Exoenzyme S ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rods are one of the most commonly isolated microorganisms from clinical specimens, usually responsible for nosocomial infections. Antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains may present reduced expression of virulence factors. This fact may be caused by appropriate genome management to adapt to changing conditions of the hospital environment. Virulence factors genes may be replaced by those crucial to survive, like antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using PCR, the occurrence of exoenzyme S-coding gene (exoS) in two distinct groups of P. aeruginosa strains: 83 multidrug-sensitive (MDS) and 65 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. ExoS gene was noted in 72 (48.7%) of the examined strains: 44 (53.0%) MDS and 28 (43.1%) MDR. The observed differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.1505). P. aeruginosa strains virulence is rather determined by the expression regulation of the possessed genes than the difference in genes frequency amongst strains with different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

scholarly journals Combined Resistance to Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Resistance Predictors and Impact on Clinical Outcomes besides Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Marianna Meschiari ◽  
Gabriella Orlando ◽  
Shaniko Kaleci ◽  
Vincenzo Bianco ◽  
Mario Sarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Comorbidity Score ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Score ◽  
Clinical Surveillance

A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Modena University Hospital from December 2017 to January 2019 to identify risk factors and predictors of MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolation with resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) and ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), and of mortality among patients infected/colonized. Among 111 PA isolates from clinical/surveillance samples, 60 (54.1%) were susceptible to both drugs (S-CZA-C/T), while 27 (24.3%) were resistant to both (R-CZA-C/T). Compared to patients colonized/infected with S-CZA-C/T, those with R-C/T+CZA PA had a statistically significantly higher Charlson comorbidity score, greater rate of previous PA colonization, longer time before PA isolation, more frequent presence of CVC, higher exposure to C/T and cephalosporins, longer hospital stay, and higher overall and attributable mortality. In the multivariable analysis, age, prior PA colonization, longer time from admission to PA isolation, diagnosis of urinary tract infection, and exposure to carbapenems were associated with the isolation of a R-C/T+CZA PA strain, while PA-related BSI, a comorbidity score > 7, and ICU stay were significantly associated with attributable mortality. C/T and CZA are important therapeutic resources for hard-to-treat PA-related infections, thus specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions should be prompted in order to avoid the development of this combined resistance, which would jeopardize the chance to treat these infections.

scholarly journals Clinical Specimens are the Pool of oprL and toxA Virulence Genes Harboring Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Findings from a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yamuna Chand ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Suprina Sharma ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
First Time

The multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying some virulence genes has become a global public health threat. However, in Nepal, there is no existing report showing the prevalence of oprL and toxA virulence genes among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time in the country to detect the virulence genes (oprL and toxA) and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa. A total of 7,898 clinical specimens were investigated following the standard microbiological procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was examined by the modified disc diffusion method, and virulence genes oprL and toxA of P. aeruginosa were assessed using multiplex PCR. Among the analyzed specimens, 87 isolates were identified to be P. aeruginosa of which 38 (43.68%) isolates were reported as MDR. A higher ratio of P. aeruginosa was detected from urine samples 40 (45.98%), outpatients’ specimens 63 (72.4%), and in patients of the age group of 60–79 years 36 (41.37%). P. aeruginosa was more prevalent in males 56 (64.36%) than in female patients 31 (35.63%). Polymyxin (83.90%) was the most effective antibiotic. P. aeruginosa (100%) isolates harboured the oprL gene, while 95.4% of isolates were positive for the toxA gene. Identification of virulence genes such as oprL and toxA carrying isolates along with the multidrug resistance warrants the need for strategic interventions to prevent the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The findings could assist in increasing awareness about antibiotic resistance and suggest the judicious prescription of antibiotics to treat the patients in clinical settings of Nepal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document