scholarly journals Agricultural Production Factors and Their Effect on Agricultural Production and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the Greater Mekong Subregion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Sonthaya Sampaothong ◽  
Witsanu Attavanich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
River Region

Introduction: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of agricultural production on economic output (agricultural production value) and the environment (carbon dioxide emissions) in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. These three countries, all located in the Mekong River region of Southeast Asia, are similar in terms of climate and agricultural potential, but the agricultural sector plays a different economic role in each of these three countries. While Thailand has had an export-oriented cash crop-based agricultural sector for decades, Cambodia and Vietnam continue to produce predominantly for domestic consumption. These differences have some implications for differences in economic productivity (output) and environmental effects (agricultural carbon emissions). Methods: This study investigates the effect of agricultural inputs, including the use of fertilisers, pesticide, agricultural land, irrigation, and agricultural employment, along with the rural population, GDP growth, exchange rates, and producer price indices, on agricultural output value and emissions using time series AR(1) analysis. Results: The results show different patterns for Thailand in comparison to Cambodia and Vietnam. Conclusion: This implies that no single agricultural policy can be used to promote agricultural growth in Mekong Delta countries.

scholarly journals Dinamika Kelembagaan Sumberdaya Lahan dan Konsekuensinya bagi Pembangunan Sektor Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Iwan Setiajie Anugrah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Current Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Performance Development

<p><strong>English</strong><br />The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive information on performance development and problems associated with land resource utilisation and its future management perspective. The coverage of discussion to identify such objectives could be divided as follows: (1) perception and concept of land resource, (2) the development of land resource, (3) the importance of land resource, (4) land resource and agricultural production stability, and (5) discussion on policy alternatives to overcome land resource problems. Some important findings could be described as follows: (1) various concepts and ideas on land resource have led to a thought that land resource has social, economic, political values, and a symbol at a certain level as a production factor in agricultural sector, (2) land resource development has changed land resource institutions, land fragmentation, land transfer to other non-agricultural utilization, land value improvement, and polarization and absentee practices, (3) various development activities has reflected the importance of land resource and the highly competitiveness of land utilization in line to the importance of each activity and each sector, (4) acting as a stabilizer in agricultural production, the land resource has faced many problems both in current time or in the future especially those associated with agricultural land degradation reducing land fertileness that ended in marginal land accumulation, in the mean time, food-self sufficiency should be continuously maintained, (5) although all problems on land affairs have been arranged in the UUPA since September 1960; Keppres No. 53/1989 or Keppres No. 33/1990, the problems continually appeared. In this regard, governor, based on Permendagri No. 15/1975, as an officer authorized to issue land utility permit, should launched policies which are very much expected to harmonize the central and local requests, the government and the people, agricultural and nonagricultural sectors, or individual/group requests and the society's needs on land resource.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang perkembangan keragaan dan permasalahan pemanfaatan sumberdaya lahan serta perspektif penanganannya di masa datang. Identifikasi ke arah tersebut dilakukan melalui beberapa subpokok bahasan yang meliputi : (1) persepsi dan konsepsi terhadap sumberdaya lahan, (2) perkembangan sumberdaya lahan berdasarkan waktu, (3) kepentingan terhadap sumberdaya lahan, (4) sumberdaya lahan dan stabilitas produksi pertanian, dan (5) pemikiran terhadap kebijaksanaan dalam mengatasi permasalahan sumberdaya lahan. Beberapa temuan penting yang perlu dikemukakan adalah : (1) beragamnya konsep serta pandangan sumberdaya lahan dalam arti luas memberikan gambaran bahwa sumberdaya lahan mempunyai fungsi sosial ekonomi, politik, serta simbol status tertentu selain sebagai faktor produksi di sektor pertanian, (2) perkembangan sumberdaya lahan berdasarkan waktu telah membawa perubahan terhadap kelembagaan sumberdaya lahan dengan adanya kegiatan fragmentasi lahan, alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke nonpertanian, peningkatan nilai lahan, terjadinya polarisasi ataupun praktek-praktek absentee, (3) adanya berbagai kegiatan pembangunan menjadikan sumber daya lahan sebagai asset yang cukup penting, sehingga terjadi persaingan penggunaan yang cukup meningkat sesuai dengan kepentingan antar aktivitas maupun antar sektoral, (4) sebagai stabilisator bagi produksi pertanian, sumberdaya lahan dihadapkan pada persoalan yang cukup berat baik saat ini dan juga di masa yang akan datang terutama dengan meningkatnya degradasi lahan pertanian, penyusutan lahan produktif yang digantikan dengan lahan marjinal, sementara kebutuhan akan swasembada pangan tetap harus dipertahankan, (5) walaupun secara yuridis permasalahan pertanahan telah diatur dalam UUPA sejak September 1960, Keppres No.53/1989 ataupun Keppres No.33/1990, persoalan mengenai lahan tetap meningkat. Untuk itu kebijaksanaan dari gubernur sebagai pejabat yang berwenang dalam pemberian izin penggunaan lahan sesuai dengan keputusan Permendagri No.15 Tahun 1975 sangat diharapkan sekaligus mampu menselaraskan perbedaan kepentingan antara pusat dengan daerah, penguasa dengan rakyat, sektor pertanian dengan nonpertanian, ataupun kepentingan individu/golongan dengan masyarakat luas terhadap kebutuhan sumberdaya lahan.</p>

scholarly journals INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLY OF THE ORGANIC SECTOR OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ON COOPERATION BASES

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
L. S. Kryuchko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Organic Products

The article considers the expediency of organic agricultural production with the definition of a number of advantages, such as economic, environmental and social. The conditions for the development of organic agricultural production are given, namely: the presence of large areas of environmentally friendly agricultural land; high fertility of soils; favorable climatic conditions; low level of use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products; presence of potential consumers market; Export attractiveness of organic products for EU countries; provision of the agrarian sector of the economy by labor resources. The efficiency of production of organic agro production, which is determined by internal (organizational, techno-technological, economic, marketing) and external (economic, institutional, legal, natural-ecological, social) factors, is investigated. The reasons that hinder the efficiency of production of organic products in Ukraine, which can be attributed to: imperfect institutional support and lack of state financial support; Innovative passivity of most manufacturers and management structures; lack of awareness of producers regarding the specifics of organic production and the public regarding the benefits of organic products; the predominance of exports of organic raw materials; processing, production, wholesale and retail trade in organic products of consumption are still underdeveloped; deficit of grain and other agricultural crops of organic origin; insufficient number of cattle as the main producer of organic fertilizers; high cost of borrowed funds; high ethnogeny load on the area of ​​Central and Eastern Ukraine. The evolution of the organic agricultural market will lead to the development of the relevant infrastructure. Agriculture of Ukraine has all the conditions for the development of organic agricultural production, since the soil-climatic allow to significantly expand the volume of organic farming. Co-operation of the organic agricultural sector in Ukraine is presented in the form of dairy cooperatives, which are intended for the sale of milk at more attractive prices. The cooperative movement makes it possible to combine efforts to create real competition for powerful agrarian enterprises and, at the same time, to promote the spread of organic agricultural production.

scholarly journals Assessment of the agricultural activity in the EU-27 countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-662
Author(s):  
Vaida Šapolaitė
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
The Eu

The rational use of land, capital and labor determine the growth of economic efficiency of agricultural production and income of farmers together. The aim is to estimate the use of production resources in the EU-27 agricultural sector, using macro-economic indicators. The analysis and assessment of the use of land resources in agriculture have been conducted on the basis of data on economic accounts for agriculture and agricultural census to describe agricultural production intensity by type of farming and its impact on farm income. This paper examines the use of land resources in agriculture, measured by using relative indicators of agricultural output, intermediate consumption per hectare of agricultural land, the revenue per average employee and the comparative analysis these indicators in the farms of the European Union (EU) is presented.

scholarly journals Conceptual Bases of the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Agricultural Business in the Conditions of Land Reform Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Movchaniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Agricultural Business

Abstract. Introduction. The structural land relations restructuring in the countryside, which in the process of land reform and collective agricultural enterprises reform during the 90s of the 20th century, was the spur for the formation and development of lease land relations in agricultural production. Despite the world’s highest level of land resources involvement in economic circulation, high soil fertility, diversity of land and resource potential, it was not possible during the Ukraine’s independence period to realize the main task of land reform, that is the transfer of land in possession of effective landowners and transforming these lands into a key determinant of economic growth. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the formation and development of organizational and legal forms of management in agricultural production in the context of land reform in Ukraine. Results. Land resources play a leading role in Ukraine’s economy as they are a working tool for the production programs implementation for the formation of food and raw materials for the processing industry. At the same time, the incompleteness of agrarian reform, limited market operations with agricultural land, lack of a consistent state policy on land use, disposal and ownership impedes investment into the agricultural sector, causing negative socio-economic consequences of the rural economy. Ukraine’s desire to restructure land relations in agriculture and to develop them in accordance with world standards, objectively led to the formation of an adequate system of land relations, primarily focused on the formation of a full-time land owner like of small and medium-sized agricultural business. Conclusions. The study of land relations development in Ukraine substantiates that the economy agricultural sector reform involves the transformation of land relations to a market type, the final stage of which should be the formation of the agricultural land market and the provision of the right to dispose of these lands to land owners. The results of the conducted studies showed that the objective need to significantly improve the state mechanism of support for small and medium enterprises in agribusiness, given, first of all, its actual absence and less competitiveness of this group of enterprises compared to large agricultural holdings.

scholarly journals The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Effects of Agricultural Practices on the Environment

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Environment Impact

It is widely known that agricultural practices can alter natural ecosystems, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. Indeed, over the years, the intensification of production through excessive or inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilisers in the agricultural sector has had a negative impact on natural resources. This negative environment impact has had both minor and major consequences for the natural resources present in the different areas of the European Union (EU). This variability depends mainly on the different agricultural training of farmers and on their ability to practise sustainable agriculture. Hence, with a specific set of agri-environmental indicators provided by the Eurostat database, this paper analyses the spatial and temporal variation of the agricultural land-use practices and the related environmental effects in EU countries. In pursuit of this aim, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) were adopted to determine the similarities/dissimilarities between the different types of agricultural production in the EU and the dominant dimensions of agricultural production and activities there in terms of their impact of natural resources in order to identify “homogeneity” among member states. The main contribution of this paper lies, above all, in the fact that the classification of these countries in four agro-ecosystems, with similar use of energy, pollution factors, and natural resources, could be useful as a tool for policymakers. Importantly, it could help them to define different incentives that could encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable agricultural production methods.

scholarly journals Brazilian Coffee Production and the Future Microbiome and Mycotoxin Profile Considering the Climate Change Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Deiziane Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Caroline Corrêa de Souza Coelho ◽  
Anna Beatriz Robottom Ferreira ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Coffee Production

Brazil holds a series of favorable climatic conditions for agricultural production including the hours and intensity of sunlight, the availability of agricultural land and water resources, as well as diverse climates, soils and biomes. Amidst such diversity, Brazilian coffee producers have obtained various standards of qualities and aromas, between the arabica and robusta species, which each present a wide variety of lineages. However, temperatures in coffee producing municipalities in Brazil have increased by about 0.25 °C per decade and annual precipitation has decreased. Therefore, the agricultural sector may face serious challenges in the upcoming decades due to crop sensitivity to water shortages and thermal stress. Furthermore, higher temperatures may reduce the quality of the culture and increase pressure from pests and diseases, reducing worldwide agricultural production. The impacts of climate change directly affect the coffee microbiota. Within the climate change scenario, aflatoxins, which are more toxic than OTA, may become dominant, promoting greater food insecurity surrounding coffee production. Thus, closer attention on the part of authorities is fundamental to stimulate replacement of areas that are apt for coffee production, in line with changes in climate zoning, in order to avoid scarcity of coffee in the world market.

scholarly journals The Current View on Redistribution of Subsidies in the Agricultural Sector in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current View ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The essential way of realization of the Common Agricultural Policy in EU is through the financial support. One of the basic ways of financial support are subsidies. The huge segment affecting the agricultural sector is necessary to define, describe or classify so that we can might it to best analyse and understand. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the development of agricultural subsidies granted per hectare of agricultural land in Slovakia in terms of territory. The difference between the individual regions was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. This analysis confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences between the amounts of subsidies per hectare of agricultural land provided to agricultural entities in terms of individual regions. This fact shows that firms in regions with worse natural and climatic conditions achieved a higher amount of financial support than companies in regions where agricultural production has better conditions and a long-term tradition.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MONITORING AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Nafisa Abdurazakova
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
The Republic

The presented article analyzes the topical issue of using geographic information systems in monitoring agricultural land in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Research methodology - analysis of scientific literature on a given problem, as well as practical domestic experience. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the demonstration of modern and relevant data on the land monitoring system within the framework of the agricultural industry on a specific example of a country - the Republic of Uzbekistan. As the main conclusions and results of the article, we can highlight the fact that Most of the economy of Uzbekistan is based on the development of the agricultural sector. In the field of agricultural production, high technologies are actively used here, namely, geographic information systems, which allow real-time collection of data on the area and other characteristics of agricultural land. So, systems based on GIS technologies have been used in the field of agricultural production since 2005. They collect and automatically process information on the turnover of agricultural land. As world practice shows, there are broad prospects for expanding the functionality of such systems. Thus, an integrated monitoring system allows you to plan the harvest and predict the amount of necessary fertilizers to be applied to the soil, analyze the effectiveness of agricultural work, etc. The integrated monitoring system is based on a map linking information about the location, area and boundaries of agricultural land. The results of the article are of theoretical and practical importance for modern science and can be recommended as citation in scientific papers. KEY WORDS: information systems, agricultural land, commercial exploitation, monitoring, Republic of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals CONTRADICTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE AND INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY SYSTEM

Economical ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(20)) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Mykola Petrushenko ◽  
◽  
Hanna Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The Impact

The article reveals and summarizes the main contradictions of the development of agriculture sector in the national economy on the principles of sustainability and inclusiveness, based on the analysis of theoretical assumptions and trends and from an evolutionary point of view. The theoretical-methodological basis of the study is a dialectical method of scientific views analysis and transdisciplinary positions relevant to the issues of contradictions of sustainable and inclusive development of the agricultural economy. The method of comparison was used in the analysis of the dynamics of agricultural production on the example of farming in Ukraine. Analysis of the dynamics of the output indicator of farms during 2017-2019, correlated with their number allows to state the increase in productivity of farms. The main contradiction is the uneven regional development of the agricultural economy. One of the main reasons for this is insufficient state support for the development of small enterprises in the agricultural sector of the national economy. The concept of sustainable and inclusive development of society considers the possibility of balancing economic, social and environmental factors, with the status of socium and a person as a central factor. However, in practice, when implementing mechanisms to support the improvement of the general situation at the state level and its particular territories, as a rule, there is a problem of instability of those or others components of sustainable development. According to the economic potential theory, the latter, in the context of its increase and scientifically sound use, provided a well-adjusted system of economic potential management, is a reliable basis, including to ensure environmentally sustainable development of the agricultural sector. In general, the relationship between environmental, energy and food conflicts is also quite controversial: rising prices for raw materials, especially on oil, affect the price of biomass - and further, the price of food. The situation is complicated by the high level of corruption. People are forced to migrate or organize hunger protests. All this indicates the possibility of escalation in the near future of conflicts related to such an important resource as agricultural land. As a result of a comprehensive study of the impact on sustainable and inclusive development of the agricultural economy of social and economic-environmental contradictions as a deep root cause of potential conflicts between opposing economic and environmental aspects of agricultural production, as well as economic-environmental conflicts - situations of conflict between the environment and, above all, interests concerning natural resources, and subjects of agrarian economy, the following factors were analyzed and generalized: globalization, political, technological, ecological, in particular, climatic, etc. The main conclusion is that socio-ecological and economic relations, on which modern agricultural production is based, require consideration of the whole set of relevant pro-conflict factors, with its further regulation in the implementation of the concept of sustainable and inclusive development of society and national economy. Keywords: agrarian economy, inclusive development, sustainability, contradictions, conflict

scholarly journals Management accounting of agricultural land fertility in the Kursk region of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01058
Author(s):  
T.M. Vorozheykina ◽  
T.Y. Bobovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Kursk Region

In the conditions of competition and limited resources, sources of income, lean production has recently been developing and, at the same time, lean management accounting is developing. Agriculture in the Russian Federation is characterized by a slow movement of capital, high dependence on natural and climatic conditions, low economic manoeuvrability, and the predominance of collective and shared ownership of land. Agricultural production uses natural factors for the cultivation of biological assets and the production of agricultural products free of charge: the natural fertility of agricultural land, natural pastures for grazing, solar and wind energy, etc. Chernozem lands are the most important fertile lands in the world. 40% of the most fertile chernozem lands are concentrated in Russia, in five regions, one of which is the Kursk region. The processes of land degradation are mainly inherent in agricultural land, or rather arable land. The economic state of agriculture in Russia does not allow for the full implementation of measures to preserve soil fertility, and even more so to take them into account. The purpose of the study is to study the state of agricultural land fertility from the point of view of management accounting. In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks were identified: fertility was identified as an object of management accounting for agricultural land, and the indicators that should be taken into account were determined. The novelty of the research conducted by the authors consists in the development of management accounting that is appropriate for long-term planning of measures for the effective use of agricultural land. In the course of the study, general scientific and special research methods were used on the basis of systematization of theoretical and practical material. The natural fertility of agricultural land is not taken into account anywhere in the costs of agricultural production, as well as its cost price, is not reflected in the accounting. Currently, there is no data collection system that covers all aspects of agricultural land and should serve as a basis for improving the agricultural sector. Results: the analysis of land resources in Russia, in the Kursk region is presented; the comparative characteristics of land in accordance with IAS and AR 6/01 are shown. It is proposed to keep records of soil fertility, to allocate "agricultural land" in the reporting, to distribute subsidies depending on changes in the level of fertility, but taking into account zoning.

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