Active Subfractions, Phytochemical Constituents, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant of Leaf Extract from Hibiscus surattensis L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Yuliet ◽  
Elin Y. Sukandar ◽  
I.K. Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of leaf extract and active subfraction from English wild sour or Hibiscus surattensis L., evaluating antioxidant activity, and determining phytochemical constituents potential for treating various ailments such as diabetes and hepatitis. Background: Antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of leaf and active subfractions (ethyl acetate and water fraction) were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity assays. Methods: Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent and Gallic Acid Equivalent through spectrophotometric technique. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry/Mass Spectrophotometry was used to identify phytochemical constituents. Results: The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was potentially inhibitory against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (IC50 17.947 ± 4.842μg/mL) and had a high free radical scavenging capacity (IC50 value of 44.10 ± 0.243μg/mL; Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity values were found to be 639.70 ± 0.3mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g and 174.89 ± 0.58mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction showed high flavonoid and phenolic content with 684.67 ± 0.83mg Quercetin Equivalent/g and 329.23 ± 0.82mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry/ Mass Spectrophotometry analysis showed the presence of major compounds, including kaempferol, morin, quercetin, and trifolin. Conclusion: These results may explain the use of these leaves in folk medicine in the control of diabetes through a new mechanism and by preventing diabetic complications by means of their antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant capacity ofTabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. Fruits and branches

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA PIANA ◽  
ALINE A. BOLIGON ◽  
THIELE F. DE BRUM ◽  
MARINA ZADRA ◽  
BIANCA V. BELKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dpph Method

The antioxidant capacity of the crude extract and fractions ofTabernaemontana catharinensis fruits and branches, was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and condensed tannins were determined by the spectrophotometric method. The ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits and the n-butanol fraction of the branches showed IC50 of 181.82 µg/mL and 78.19 µg/mL, respectively. All fractions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the branches were quantified chlorogenic acid in the chloroform (8.96 mg/g), ethyl acetate (4.31 mg/g) and n-butanol (3.33 mg/g) fractions; caffeic acid in the ethyl acetate (5.24 mg/g) and n-butanol (1.81 mg/g); gallic acid (0.52 mg/g) in the n-butanol. In the fruits, chlorogenic acid in the chloroform (1.67 mg/g); rutin in the ethyl acetate (3.45 mg/g) and n-butanol (8.98 mg/g) fractions. The present study showed that these quantified compounds can contribute to antioxidant capacity which was higher in the branches than in the fruits.

scholarly journals Small laccases as catalysts for the synthesis of antioxidants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Blessing Nemadziva
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Catalysed Oxidation

The rise in antioxidant demand for industrial applications has necessitated the need to investigate new methods for antioxidant production. Conventionally, antioxidants have been used in the food industry. However, newer applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medicine, nano-bioscience, as well as in chemical industries, have contributed to the increase in antioxidant demand. The market for antioxidants has been forecasted to increase by 6.42% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2015 and 2022. Therefore, there is now a need to develop new processes for antioxidant synthesis to meet this rising demand. Biocatalysis has gained notable attention as a viable approach for antioxidant synthesis. Laccases are the preferred enzymes since their reaction mechanism involves the use of molecular oxygen to oxidise phenolic compounds to corresponding radicals, with water as the only by-product. Most laccase antioxidant synthesis research has employed fungal and plant laccases. However, bacterial laccases may be promising biocatalysts, considering the advances in molecular technology which make expression in bacterial hosts easier. This study focused on the biotransformation of natural phenolic compounds using small laccase (SLAC), a two-domain bacterial laccase native to Streptomyces coelicolor. Because of the low redox potential of the enzyme, a preliminary substrate screening process was conducted to identify phenolics oxidisable by the SLAC. Caffeic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, catechol, gallic acid, guaiacol, ferulic acid, and pyrogallol were identified as SLAC substrates and further coupling reaction studies were conducted using caffeic acid and gallic acid. Coupling reactions were carried out either in biphasic systems consisting of water-immiscible organic solvents and a buffer system or monophasic systems consisting of miscible organic solvents that form a homogenous phase with the buffer system. Coupling products were monitored using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), purified using preparative TLC and column chromatography, and characterised by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Antioxidant capacity of the oxidation products were investigated by using the 2,2’-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Two oxidation products (one from caffeic acid and another from gallic acid) were successfully produced, purified and characterised. The oxidation product obtained from the SLAC-catalysed oxidation of caffeic acid was identified as a β-β dimer using LC-MS and NMR. When the reaction was carried out at a large-scale, a 32.8% yield of the dimer was achieved. Results showed that optimum yield of the dimer was achieved when the reaction was carried out for 6 h in a biphasic system consisting of 80% ethyl acetate and sodium acetate buffer pH 7.5. The dimer demonstrated superior antioxidant capacity, showing a 1.5- fold increase in DPPH radical scavenging capacity and a 1.8-fold improvement in TEAC. The dimer exhibited several positive physicochemical attributes, including improved solubility properties in aqueous media and remarkable stability in acidic pH (pH 2.2 and pH 5.5). One oxidation product from the SLAC-catalysed oxidation of gallic acid was successfully produced, purified and partially characterised. Optimum yield of gallic acid oxidation product was achieved when the reaction was conducted in a biphasic system consisting of 80% ethyl acetate and Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0, using 0.5 U SLAC and a reaction time of 4 h. However, the oxidation product showed a lower antioxidant capacity than the substrate, as demonstrated by standard antioxidant assays (DPPH and TEAC). In conclusion, two antioxidant products were successfully produced, purified and characterised. Furthermore, selected physicochemical and antioxidant activities were determined. Overall, this study has highlighted the potential of the small laccase as a catalyst for the synthesis of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Assessment of In-Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva Javanica Linn. Flowering Tops

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Alok Khunteta ◽  
Surendra K Swarnkar ◽  
Manish Kumar Gupta ◽  
Aruna Swarnkar ◽  
Pankaj Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae) is a grey coloured woolly perennial tomentose shrub. Its traditional and folklore usage motivates further investigation on its pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological potential. Therefore, in order to establish its antioxidant potential, DPPH, SOD and superoxide scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Hydro-alcoholic extract (CE) was prepared from flowering tops of A. javanica. In order to work further on activity guided fractions, ethyl acetate (AJEAF) fraction was prepared.  For in-vitro evaluation, ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant compound. In DPPH assay IC50 was determined as 89.00 µg/ml, as compared with standard ascorbic acid with IC50 21.80 µg/ml, with a concentration dependent scavenging of free radical. Superoxide scavenging potential in terms of SOD expressed as IC50, was determined as 61.904 µg /ml for AJEAF in contrast to 132.413 µg /ml for standard ascorbic acid. This was equivalent to 16.154 Eq SOD units /mg (EAF) per mg of sample respectively against 7.552 Eq SOD units /mg of standard. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 283.67 mg Ascorbic acid Eq /g. Results indicated that fraction (AJEAF had significant antioxidant potential which expressed the prospective potential of fraction against metabolic disorders.  

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity test of ethyl acetate fraction of binjai (Mangifera Caesia) leaf ethanol extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
K. Khairiah ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Deby Kania Tri Putri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Linear Connection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group

Background: Binjai (Mangifera caesia) is a herb derived from South Kalimantan possessing antioxidant properties which promote wound healing inhibiting oxidation radicals. The natural antioxidants present in binjai leaves can be extracted by fractionation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction in 96% ethanol extract of binjai leaf. Methods: The study constituted a pure experimental study incorporating a post-test design with only random sampling technique consisting of two groups, namely; an ethyl acetate fraction as the treatment group and ascorbic acid as the positive control group. The leaves were treated in accordance with the soxhlet method and subsequently fractionated to extract ethyl acetate fraction. This was used to measure antioxidant activity with DPPH radical damping method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A linear regression calculation was performed with a standard curve to quantify the IC50 value, before the ethyl acetate fraction underwent a qualitative test of secondary metabolite. Results: An independent t-test indicated significant differences between groups, an average value of IC50 in ascorbic acid of 13.812 ppm with 0.996 linearity and a fraction of ethyl acetate 38.526 ppm with a linearity of 0.999. In contrast, at this linearity value ascorbic acid and ethyl fraction acetate demonstrate a very high linear connection between concentration and inhibition. A secondary metabolite test conducted on the ethyl acetate fraction produced positive results for flavonoid, tannins, and phenol. Conclusion: Based on the IC50 parameters, the fraction of ethyl acetate in 96% ethanol extract of binjai leaf produces very strong antioxidant activity in the content of the compounds in the fraction, namely: flavonoid, tannins and phenol.

scholarly journals GC–MS analysis of phytoconstituents from Amomum nilgiricum and molecular docking interactions of bioactive serverogenin acetate with target proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasimhamurthy Konappa ◽  
Arakere C. Udayashankar ◽  
Soumya Krishnamurthy ◽  
Chamanalli Kyathegowda Pradeep ◽  
Srinivas Chowdappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
In Silico Molecular Docking

Abstract Amomum nilgiricum is one of the plant species reported from Western Ghats of India, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, with ethno-botanical values, and is well-known for their ethno medicinal applications. In the present investigation, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of A. nilgiricum were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify the important functional groups and phytochemical constituents. The FTIR spectra revealed the occurrence of functional characteristic peaks of aromatic amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, phenols and alkyl halides group from leaf and rhizome extracts. The GC–MS analysis of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from leaves, and methanol extract from rhizomes of A. nilgiricum detected the presence of 25 phytochemical compounds. Further, the leaf and rhizome extracts of A. nilgiricum showed remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities at 100 mg/mL. The results of DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay recorded maximum antioxidant activity in A. nilgiricum methanolic leaf extract. While, ethyl acetate leaf extract exhibited maximum α-amylase inhibition activity, followed by methanolic leaf extract exhibiting aldose reductase inhibition. Subsequently, these 25 identified compounds were analyzed for their bioactivity through in silico molecular docking studies. Results revealed that among the phytochemical compounds identified, serverogenin acetate might have maximum antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties followed by 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane and (1,3-13C2)propanedioic acid. To our best knowledge, this is the first description on the phytochemical constituents of the leaves and rhizomes of A. nilgiricum, which show pharmacological significance, as there has been no literature available yet on GC–MS and phytochemical studies of this plant species. The in silico molecular docking of serverogenin acetate was also performed to confirm its broad spectrum activities based on the binding interactions with the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and antidiabetic target proteins. The results of the present study will create a way for the invention of herbal medicines for several ailments by using A. nilgiricum plants, which may lead to the development of novel drugs.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Ageratum conyzoides stems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Modern civilization is facing more than hundreds of disorders associated with free radicals and natural antioxidants from non-edible plants are gaining importance to fight these disorders. The intention of this report is to evaluate a well known medicinal weed Ageratum conyzoides stems for its antioxidant and cytotoxic Effects. Antioxidant potentiality of the crude methanolic extract of the Ageratum conyzoides (AC) stems was investigated on DPPH scavenging activity, reducing ability, total antioxidant capacity as well as total phenolic contents. Cytotoxic study was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristin sulphate was used as standard. The total phenols and total antioxidant capacity of AC was found to be 38.125 ± 2.01mg/g equivalent of gallic acid and 333.37 ± 4.22mg/gm equivalent of ascorbic acid, respectively. The percentage (%) scavenging of DPPH free radical of the extract was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value 46.01 ± 2.23µg/ml while IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid was found to be 29.56 ± 0.11?g/ml. The reducing power of AC was found to be concentration dependent. The cytotoxicity exhibited by AC was found promising with LC50 value 1.32?g/ml, comparing with the LC50 (0.689?g/ml) values of vincristin sulphate. The present investigation suggests that Ageratum conyzoides possesses remarkable antioxidant and cytotoxic property.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i2.13195 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2013, 2(2): 33-37

scholarly journals SYZYGIUM CUMINI (L.) SKEELS LEAF EXTRACT FRACTIONS AS ARGINASE INHIBITORS AND THE EFFECTS OF TANNINS ON THEIR ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-270
Author(s):  
ARI ARIEFAH HIDAYATI ◽  
BERNA ELYA ◽  
RANI SAURIASARI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: Arginase inhibition could be a potential therapeutic approach for endothelial dysfunction. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves containphenolic acids and flavonoids, which have been predicted to exhibit arginase inhibitory activity. Moreover, these leaves contain tannins, which canform complexes with enzymes and lead to false-positive results during biological testing. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the arginaseinhibitory activity of S. cumini leaf extract and fractions as well as to elucidate the effects of tannins on this activity.Methods: S. cumini leaves were fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. A colorimetric method was employed to evaluate arginaseinhibitory activity. Tannin elimination was performed through the gelatin precipitation method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fractionswere calculated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively.Results: Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed arginase inhibitory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 46.96 and15.35 μg/mL, respectively. The methanol fraction was positive for tannins. After tannin elimination, this fraction exhibited less potent arginaseinhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 53.03 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the methanolfraction.Conclusion: Tannins affected the arginase inhibitory activity of the methanol fraction of S. cumini leaves; however, the ethyl acetate fraction did notcontain tannins and could inhibit arginase activity.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Afzelia bellaHarms (Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Josephine Ofeimun ◽  
James Afolabi ◽  
Ejiro Dowe ◽  
Osayemwenre Erhauyi ◽  
Enitome Bafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Afzelia bella Harms (Fabaceae), a plant widely distributed in Africa, is used in traditional medicine for varied disease conditions including the treatment of topical skin infections. The present study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract and various solvent fractions of the leaves of the plant. The methanol leaf extract was partitioned to yield petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and residual aqueous fractions. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, radical scavenging activity and ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined by spectrophotometry, while antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and fractions were determined using agar-well diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively against clinical bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Escherishia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Candida parapsilosis, Microsporium audiounii. Bacillus subtilis was the most susceptible among the bacterial strains tested, while Microsporium audiounii was the most susceptible fungus. The alcoholic extract and all solvent fractions demonstrated a concentration dependent antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameter range of 7.5 to 35.0 mm. MIC ranged from 0.1 - 8 mg/ml and activity was highest in ethyl acetate fraction with MIC of 0.1 mg/ml. FRAP ranged from 0.161 - 0.319 mmol Fe2+/g extract and was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction. These results give an indication that A. bella leaf has high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and support the folkloric claim of the therapeutic potential of the plant. Keywords: antioxidant, antimicrobial, ethnomedicine, Afzelia bella, Fabaceae 

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