Impact on Growth and Secondary Metabolites in White Poplar (Populusalba L.) Callus using SeNPs@Moringa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda E. Abo El-Fadl ◽  
Mahmoud M. El-Saber ◽  
Manal E.A. Ahmed ◽  
Tamer M. Abd Elaziem ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
And Control

Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has provided a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method, as well as raised safe strategies for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from the leaf aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (MO-SeNPs) and studied the effect of MO-SeNPs and Moringa extract with various concentrations on growth, active constituents, and antioxidant activity (scavenging DPPH) of Populus alba callus. MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D at 2 mg/l + 0.5 mg/l BA took the maximum callus induction percentage (100%), increasing the callus fresh weight, dry weight, and degree of callus formation compared with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l Kin. Methods: The highest values of callus fresh and dry weight were recorded on MS containing 20% MO-SeNPs. Regarding the active constituents, the GC-MS chromatogram revealed the presence of 23 major compounds identified in the chloroform extract. The phytoconstituents with maximum peak area in callus extract are Tetradecane, Hexadecen-1-ol,trans-9-, 5-Octadecene, (Benzene, 1-pentyloctyl), (Benzene, 1-butylnonyl), Cycloeicosane, and 10-Heneicosene in all treatments. Moringa extract and MO-SeNPs stimulate the increase of compounds in the callus compared to control. In this regard, MO-SeNPs 5% led to a higher increase in the area percent of active substances compared to the treatment of Moringa extract and control. Results: Concerning the antioxidant activity, the results indicated that Moringa extract and MO-SeNPs had a positive effect on scavenging DPPH compared with the control. Conclusion : The highest percentages of scavenging DPPH were recorded when Populus alba L. callus was treated with MO-SeNPs 20%, 10%, and Moringa extract 20%, percentages reached 84.65, 75.35, and 71.94 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Caninae rose shoot tips guarantees biochemical stability and pollination potentialmonitored in four-year-old regenerants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Bożena Pawłowska ◽  
Jarmila Neugebauerova ◽  
Monika Bieniasz ◽  
Bożena Szewczyk-Taranek ◽  
Ivo Ondrasek
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rosa Species

Stability of Rosa agrestis, R. canina, R. dumalis and R. rubiginosa regenerants after shoot tip cryopreservation was monitored with the use of biochemical markers and pollen quality assessment in matured plants cultivated in the field. The results of rosa pollen and hip evaluation revealed no significant differences between post-cryopreserved regenerants and control plants; however, variations in the assessed markers were noted between Rosa species. Analyses of hips confirmed high levels of vitamin C in these plants; the highest was observed in R. dumalis (750–870 mg/100 g fresh weight). High total antioxidant activity (TAC) was as follows: DPPH – 50–250 mM TE/100 dry weight, FRAP – 80–180 mM TE/100 g dry weight. The present study showed a high content of flavonoids (TFC) and phenols (TPC). Post-cryopreserved plants retained pollen specific for Caninae: numerous anthers, abundant pollen, poor pollen germination and viability and typical pollen morphology. This study demonstrates new tools for evaluating the fidelity of post-cryopreserved regenerants.

Situational Strategic Awareness Monitoring Surveillance System–Microcomputer and Microcomputer Clustering used for Intelligent, Economical, Scalable, and Deployable Approach for Safeguarding Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 60408-1-60408-10
Author(s):  
Kenly Maldonado ◽  
Steve Simske
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Intelligent Surveillance ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
And Control

The principal objective of this research is to create a system that is quickly deployable, scalable, adaptable, and intelligent and provides cost-effective surveillance, both locally and globally. The intelligent surveillance system should be capable of rapid implementation to track (monitor) sensitive materials, i.e., radioactive or weapons stockpiles and person(s) within rooms, buildings, and/or areas in order to predict potential incidents proactively (versus reactively) through intelligence, locally and globally. The system will incorporate a combination of electronic systems that include commercial and modifiable off-the-shelf microcomputers to create a microcomputer cluster which acts as a mini supercomputer which leverages real-time data feed if a potential threat is present. Through programming, software, and intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, and neural networks), the system should be capable of monitoring, tracking, and warning (communicating) the system observer operations (command and control) within a few minutes when sensitive materials are at potential risk for loss. The potential customer is government agencies looking to control sensitive materials and/or items in developing world markets intelligently, economically, and quickly.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

Assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of verbena officinalis Linn root or Atuch (Amharic)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crude Extracts

Verbena officinalis Linn is a traditionally known medicinal plant which is used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. In this study its antioxidant activity (reducing powers, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities), ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP), total flavonoid concentration and antimicrobial activities of 80%, 90%, 100% methanol and chloroform extracts of V. officinalis Linn root and 90% and100% methanol leaf extracts were determined. Its antioxidant activity increases with increase in amount of extract (10% to 40%v/v). Total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 73.32±0.002 mgQE/100g of dry weight (90% methanol) to 42.39±0.032 mgQE/100g dry weight (chloroform), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radical scavenging activity (%) was varied between 87.39% (90% methanol) to 45.57% (chloroform) while Ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed between 372.93±0.04 mgAAE/100 g extract (90% methanol) to 129.41±0.026 mgAAE/100 g chloroform in the root extract. The methanolic extract of the leaf showed less antioxidant activity than the methanolic extract of the root. Crude extracts of V. officinalis root showed various degree of antimicrobial activity towards drug resistance microbial pathogens. Growth inhibition tests against bacterial pathogens demonstrated concentration dependence. Moreover, gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to V. officinalis root extract when compared to gram negative bacteria. In general V. officinalis root and leave extracts possess strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

A cost-effective preventative approach to potentially save lives in the coronavirus pandemic, jointly using Vitamin D, Curcumin, and Vitamin C. Authors Bakare T A and Soar J S

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagjit S Soar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
And Control

he current COVID-19 pandemic now believed to be based on the mutation of the SARS-CoV virus (first reported in 2002) to SARS-CoV-2 emerging in 2019, is naturally causing extreme worry and concern around the world with sometimes mixed and incoherent messages on how to deal with it. There is a plethora of information from previous epidemics caused by other coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS (2002) and Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS (2012) from which we can extrapolate guidance on how to deal with the current pandemic. In the current absence of specific pharmaceutical agents, we propose assessing the extended tools that we already possess in our biological armoury to combat, prevent and control the spread of this virus. Using a set of precise criteria to locate such possible contenders, we conducted literature searches to find compounds that met these criteria. We have now reduced this to a shortlist of three agents that may be the best candidates. We propose vitamin C, vitamin D and Curcumin fit our criteria well. These compounds are widely available to the general public. They are available online and over-the-counter as supplements. Otherwise healthy individuals are safely able to self-administer these agents as a prophylactic to protect themselves and to enhance their immune response. This would be especially desirable for the elderly and at risk groups. These agents can also be used as adjunct therapy, particularly for those who may have early symptoms. This preventative therapy could be implemented whilst awaiting specific pharmaceutical drugs to emerge as a treatment for COVID-19. Our suggested compounds are a highly cost-effective way to potentially reduce the mortality that is regretfully mounting as a result of COVID-19 infection. The biological mode of action and the dosing of these compounds are summarised.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hai Trieu Ly ◽  
Tuan Anh Vo ◽  
Viet Hong Phong Nguyen ◽  
Thi My Sa Pham ◽  
Bich Thao Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Background: The natural antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of many diseases. The aim of study is to investigate phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel (PFP) extract. Materials and methods: Phytochemicals of PFP were determined by qualitative chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The PFP extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and MDA assay. In vivo acute oral toxicity test was conducted using Karber-Behrens method to determine LD50. Results: Results illustrated that PFP mainly contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, and coumarins. PFP extract exhibited the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents with 189.97 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 9.42 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities of PFP extract were expressed with IC50 value of 4.80 μg/mL and 0.38 μg/ mL, sequentially. Simultaneously, the Dmax (the maximum dose administered to mice that no toxicity was observed) of PFP extract was determined to be 21.28 g/kg, equivalent to 35.64 g dried herb. Conclusion: The PFP extract is relatively safe and revealed high antioxidant activity. Key words: Punica granatum L.; polyphenols; flavonoids; gallic acid; quercetin; antioxidant activity; acute oral toxicity

Verbascum sinaiticum: A Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenylethanoid Glycosides

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Yasmeen Gondal ◽  
Roshan Zamir ◽  
Muhammad Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Soluble Part

Background: The genus Verbascum is well documented for its antioxidant potential but Verbascum sinaiticum is comparatively less studied plant. The current study was carried out to search for antioxidant nutraceuticals from this species. Objective: To explore the antioxidant potential of Verbascum sinaiticum and to identify its active constituents. Methods: The methanolic extract of air-dried aerial part of the Verbascum sinaiticum was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The water-soluble part of ethyl acetate afforded six phenylethanoid glycosides by repeated chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and ODS columns. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and isolated constituents were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results: Six phenylethanoid glycosides was isolated and characterized as Verbascoside, Eukovoside, Martynoside, Jionoside D, Campneoside I and Campneoside II, from the most active fraction. Conclusion: Verbascum sinaiticum demonstrated prospective antioxidant activity. The watersoluble part of EtOAc (WSEAE) was found the most active extract whereas Verbascoside was identified as the most potent constituent. All isolated compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity whereas their synergistic effect was found prominent in the parent fraction.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Urooj Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Fariha Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

scholarly journals Experimental Strain Measurement Approach Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Monitoring of Railway Switches and Crossings

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3639
Author(s):  
Abdelfateh Kerrouche ◽  
Taoufik Najeh ◽  
Pablo Jaen-Sola
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
And Control

Railway infrastructure plays a major role in providing the most cost-effective way to transport freight and passengers. The increase in train speed, traffic growth, heavier axles, and harsh environments make railway assets susceptible to degradation and failure. Railway switches and crossings (S&C) are a key element in any railway network, providing flexible traffic for trains to switch between tracks (through or turnout direction). S&C systems have complex structures, with many components, such as crossing parts, frogs, switchblades, and point machines. Many technologies (e.g., electrical, mechanical, and electronic devices) are used to operate and control S&C. These S&C systems are subject to failures and malfunctions that can cause delays, traffic disruptions, and even deadly accidents. Suitable field-based monitoring techniques to deal with fault detection in railway S&C systems are sought after. Wear is the major cause of S&C system failures. A novel measuring method to monitor excessive wear on the frog, as part of S&C, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical fiber sensors, is discussed in this paper. The developed solution is based on FBG sensors measuring the strain profile of the frog of S&C to determine wear size. A numerical model of a 3D prototype was developed through the finite element method, to define loading testing conditions, as well as for comparison with experimental tests. The sensors were examined under periodic and controlled loading tests. Results of this pilot study, based on simulation and laboratory tests, have shown a correlation for the static load. It was shown that the results of the experimental and the numerical studies were in good agreement.

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