An experimental evaluation of the Lithotriptic Activity of Ayurvedic drug Kāśīśa Bhasma

Kāśīśa (Ferrous Sulphate, Fe2SO4.7H20), is among the most commonly used mineral drug in Ayurveda, and has been specifically indicated in Mutrashmari. Urolithiasis, (Mutrashmari in Ayurveda) is the third most common urinary system disorder globally with high recurrence rate. The present study is to determine the underlying mechanism of Kāśīśa Bhasma as lithotriptic drug in animal model. Ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) induced urolithiasis model was used to study the lithotriptic activity of Kāśīśa Bhasma in Wistar albino rats. 30 rats were divided into five groups and were allocated interventions accordingly. Two trial drug groups were given single and double doses of Kāśīśa Bhasma (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg respectively), and were compared against the standard control group (Tab. Cystone 750mg/kg), administered for 14 days. Relevant biochemical assay and histopathological analysis was done and analysed. In vivo study revealed, Kāśīśa Bhasma administered at 300mg/kg b.w. was associated with better lithotriptic activity. The results showed significant reduction in calcium oxalate deposits in the kidneys, restoring the elevated values of serum Creatinine, BUN, uric acid and urine parameters like calcium, phosphate and oxalate while also maintaining optimal urine pH when compared to negative control. The lithotriptic activity of Kāśīśa Bhasma was found to be corresponding to that of standard drug Tab Cystone.

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Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.13.2.583.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Israel Oghenevwodoko Okoro ◽

◽

Helen Ejiro Kadiri ◽

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

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In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-743554/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James Nyirenda ◽

Gershom B. Lwanga ◽

Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽

David K. Chuba ◽

Gibson M. Sijumbila

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

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Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract ameliorates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and toxicity in Wistar rats

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy ◽

10.1515/dmpt-2020-0185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 311-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emmanuel U. Akara ◽

Okezie Emmanuel ◽

Victor C. Ude ◽

Chikezie Uche-Ikonne ◽

Godswill Eke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ferrous Sulphate ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Density ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum

Abstract Objectives Ocimum gratissimum L. is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections and anaemia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of O. gratissimum leaf extract on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia and toxicity in rats. Methods The experimental rats were divided into five groups (A–E) (n=6/sex/group). Each rat in groups B–E was intraperitoneally administered 50 mg/kg of PHZ for two consecutive days. Group A (normal control) did not receive any PHZ, group B (negative control), group C received orally 5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate whereas groups D and E received 200 and 400 mg/kg O. gratissimum leaf extract respectively, for 14 days. Results Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and high-density lipoprotein increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein decreased in extract-treated groups when compared to the negative control. O. gratissimum (400 mg/kg extract) and standard drug (5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that O. gratissimum leaf extract has a restorative effect on the phenylhydrazine-induced metabolic distortions in the blood, liver, and kidney, and therefore could be used therapeutically as an anti-anaemic tonic.

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Aphrodisiac Effects of Areca Fruit in Erectile Dysfunction Rat Model

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v3i3.90 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

Nita Parisa ◽

Muhammad Totong Kamaluddin ◽

Salni Salni

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Female Rat ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Animal House ◽

Test Control

Abstract. Erectile Dysfunction (ED) cases are quite high in both women and men and increase with age. Areca fruit, ginseng and purwoceng are plants that have been traditionally used to increase male vitality. This in vivo experimental research study with pre and post-test control group design located in the laboratory of animal house and the biomolecular laboratory Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University. The subjects of this study were albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strains, divided into 6 groups are negative control, Sildenafil, Areca Fruit Extract (AFE) 50 mg/kgBW, AFE 100 mg/kgBW, Combination of Areca Fruit, Ginseng and Purwoceng (AGP) 50 mg/kgBW and AGP 100 mg/kgBW. Female rat was injected by giving 500 mg/100 g of subcutaneous progesterone and 10 Î¼g/100 g of BB benzoate 48 hours before mating so that female mice enter the esterus phase. In this study it was found that Combination of Areca fruit, Ginseng and Purwoceng (AGP) group 50mg/kgBW significantly improved testosterone levels compared to sildenafil, while single areca fruit (AFE) dose 50mg/kgBW increased FSH and LH levels as well as sildenafil statistically. Keywords: areca fruit, erectile dysfunction, FSH, ginseng, LH, purwoceng, testosteron.

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Phytochemical screening and in vivo antipyretic activity of the aqueous extracts of three Moroccan medicinal plants

Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations ◽

10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ghizlane Hajjaj ◽

Aziz Bahlouli ◽

Karima Sayah ◽

Mouna Tajani ◽

Yahia Cherrah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Antipyretic Effect ◽

Antipyretic Activity

Objective: In this study, the antipyretic effect of different extracts obtained from Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC), Ormenis mixta L. (OM) and Pistacia atlantica DESF. (PA) was investigated experimentally in rats.Methods: Antipyretic activity of aqueous extracts was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia method. The antipyretic effect was retained in all extracts tested and was comparable to that of paracetamol used as the standard drug negative control group (distilled water). The extracts were also phytochemically screened for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones.Results: Treatment with aqueous extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p≤0.05) reaction of pyrexia in rodents. The results suggest that this Moroccan medicinal plants possesses potent antipyretic activity. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and quinons which may responsible for this activity. However, anthraquinones were absent in all plants and alkaloids from PA.Conclusions: This study might be the first formal report on antipyretic effects of these three plants in Morocco.

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Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9944629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽

Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽

Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽

Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽

Birhanu Berihun Kidanu

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Hagenia Abyssinica ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

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EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF AYURVEDIC ANTIMICROBIAL FORMULATIONS USING IN VIVO ANIMAL EXCISION AND INCISION METHODS

International Research Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2230-8407.111196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Mradu Gupta ◽

Sushmita Majumdar ◽

Suchetana Banerjee ◽

Anumita Dey ◽

Sabari Sengupta

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

High Concentration ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Wound Model

Wound healing comprises of four phases, namely inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodelling which re-establish integrity of damaged tissue. This experimental study evaluates wound healing action of two Ayurvedic stem bark formulations, RFNA (containing Neem & Ashoka) and RFUL (containing Udumber & Lodhra) using 5% & 10% aqueous extract concentrations for preparation of ointment for external wound application using excision and incision methods. Phytochemical screening of extracts indicated presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates while total flavonoid content was 54.76 and 59.14 µg QE/mg and total phenol content was 205.00 and 225.67 µg GAE/mg for RFNA and RFUL. This 14-day study used Swiss albino rats divided into six groups, each group having six animals. While Group A was control group, Group B used Framycetin Sulphate IP as standard drug. Groups C, D, E and F were administered ointment containing 5% and 10% RFNA and RFUL respectively. While excision wound model study evaluated the percentage of wound contraction and amount of pus formation, the incision wound model assessed reduction in wound length and histopathological microscopic examination of wound skin, on the 4th, 7th and 14th day. During this study, 10% RFNA and RFUL exhibited similar therapeutic efficacy as standard drug while 5% concentrations showed a little lower but highly significant properties, possibly due to high concentration of phenolic and flavonoidic compounds. The results showed that highest therapeutic efficacy was shown by 10% RFNA followed by 10% RFUL, 5% RFNA and 5% RFUL groups respectively in both excision and incision models.

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Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract ameliorates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and toxicity in Wistar rats

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy ◽

10.1515/dmdi-2020-0185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel U. Akara ◽

Okezie Emmanuel ◽

Victor C. Ude ◽

Chikezie Uche-Ikonne ◽

Godswill Eke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ferrous Sulphate ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Density ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum

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Hepatoprotective Effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam Against Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats - An in-Vivo Study

International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research ◽

10.47070/ijapr.v9i9.1581 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

G. Kaaruniya ◽

A. Mariappan ◽

V. Suba ◽

R. Meenakumari

Keyword(s):

Total Bilirubin ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Serum Glutamate

Objective: To evaluate the liver protective effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam (PLD) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rat models. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of PLD was evaluated using paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Paracetamol 1gm/kg bw, p.o. was given to produce liver toxicity. The normal control was given the vehicle (water 1ml/kg bw, p.o). Two test groups with PLD 1ml/kg, 2ml/kg bw, p.o. were tested for hepatoprotective potential. Silymarin 50mg/kg bw, p.o. was given as standard drug. All these drugs were administered for 7 days. On 8th day, the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus and analyzed for serum enzymes like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Alanine Phosphate (ALP), Total Bilirubin, Total Proteins and liver was excised for histopathological analysis. Results: In toxicant control group, paracetamol produced liver toxicity due to decrease in glutathione (GSH) by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of hepatic cells. It resulted in an increase of serum liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. This increased serum liver enzymes were reduced significantly in the test drug PLD treated groups and Standard group. The histology of liver tissues was also improved in PLD treated groups when compared to the toxicant group. Conclusion: Since, no scientific evidence is available to claim the hepatoprotective effect of PLD, in vivo studies were conducted. It demonstrated that it has a potent hepatoprotective effect against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by suppression of the reactive oxygen species and increasing the anti-oxidant glutathione in liver cells.

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In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of Buchanania lanzan

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1920 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Chandra Kishore Tyagi ◽

Atul Tripathi ◽

Gyanendra Singh ◽

Amol Chandekar ◽

Sunil Sahu

Keyword(s):

Urine Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Pylorus Ligation ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruits of Buchanania lanzan are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of Buchanania lanzan.Materials and methods: The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide.Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50> 2000mg/kg for the extract. The extract caused a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p<0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of Buchanania lanzan in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.

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