Identification of the Addition Effect from Duwet Fruit Extract (Syzygium cumini) on Cigarette Filter Against the Magnetic Character of Cigarette Smoke

This study aimed to determine the effect of juwet fruit extract on histological structure of rat(Rattus sp) trachea which exposed to cigarette smoke. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with four treatments: the control group (K0) treated with 0.5 % CMC–Na, (K1) group is exposed to cigarette smoke, (K2) group were given juwetfruit extract, and (K3) group is exposed to cigarette smoke and juwet fruit extracts. Each treatment consisted of 6 rats as replication. The exposure to cigarette smoke is given from an aerator pump lit cigarettes. Juwet fruit extract and 0.5 % CMC - Na was orally administered (gavage method) for 48 days. The existence of comperative descriptive observed cilia. And goblet number, high epithelium and lumen diameter Data were analyzed with ANOVA and If they were 5 % significantly different would be followed by Duncan test. Results showed that the extract of the fruit juwet significant effect on the histological structure of the trachea mice that had been exposed to smoke.

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GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI GINJAL MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus) YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK BUAH JUWET (Syzygium cumini) SEBAGAI PELURUH RADIKAL BEBAS PADA ASAP ROKOK

Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional ◽

10.37294/jrkn.v4i2.241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Anak Agung Istri Mas Padmiswari ◽

Nadya Treesna Wulansari ◽

A.A.S.A. Sukmaningsih K

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Syzygium Cumini ◽

Male Mice ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Tubular Necrosis ◽

Renal Tubular ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Renal Tubular Necrosis ◽

All Treatment

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah juwABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah juwet (Syzygium cumini) terhadap histologi ginjal mencit jantan (Mus musculus) yang terpapar asap rokok.Metode : Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 kelompok mencit jantan yang terdiri dari control (P0) diberi air minum sebanyak 0,2 ml, perlakuan 1 (P1) diberi paparan asap rokok, dan perlakuan 2 (P2) diberi ekstrak buah juwet sebanyak 0,2 ml dan paparan asap rokok. Semua kelompok perlakuan dilakukan selama 36 hari. Data hasil penelitian diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel menggunakan program statistik komputer (SPSS 20.0 for Windows) dengan menggunakan uji One Way Anova.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak buah juwet berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap jumlah nekrosis glomerulus dan tubulus ginjal mencit jantan yang terpapar asap rokok.Kesimpulan : pemberian ekstrak buah juwet (Syzygium cumini) sebanyak 0,2 ml dapat menurunkan jumlah nekrosis glomerulus dan tubulus ginjal mencit jantan (Mus musculus) yang terpapar asap rokok. Kata kunci: asap rokok, ekstrak buah juwet, nekrosis glomerulus, nekrosis tubulus, ginjal ABSTRACTIntroduction : The purpose of this research is to prove the effects of the java plum fruit extract to the necrosis of glomerulus and tubule of the kidney of cigarette smoke exposed mice.Method : The experimental design used within study was a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with three groups: control (P0) treated with water 0,2 ml, P1 treated with cigarette smoke exposed, and P2 treated with java plum fruit extract treatment 0,2 ml and cigarette smoke exposed. All Treatment and exposure cigarette smoke was given about 36 days. Data were analyzed with statistic program (SPSS 16.0 for Windows) with One Way Annova.Result : The result showed that the extract java plum fruit significantly increased (P<0,05) the number of necrosis of glomerulus and tubule of the kidney of cigarette smoke exposed mice.Conclusion : giving 0.2 ml of juwet fruit extract (Syzygium cumini) can reduce the amount of glomerular necrosis and renal tubular necrosis of male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Keywords: Cigarrete smoke, java plum fruit extract, necrosis of glomerulus, necrosis of tubule, kidneyet (Syzygium cumini) terhadap histologi ginjal mencit jantan (Mus musculus) yang terpapar asap rokok. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 kelompok mencit jantan yang terdiri dari control (P0) diberi air minum sebanyak 0,2 ml, perlakuan 1 (P1) diberi paparan asap rokok, dan perlakuan 2 (P2) diberi ekstrak buah juwet sebanyak 0,2 ml dan paparan asap rokok. Semua kelompok perlakuan dilakukan selama 36 hari. Data hasil penelitian diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel menggunakan program statistik komputer (SPSS 20.0 for Windows) dengan menggunakan uji One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak buah juwet berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap jumlah nekrosis glomerulus dan tubulus ginjal mencit jantan yang terpapar asap rokok. Kata kunci: asap rokok, ekstrak buah juwet, nekrosis glomerulus, nekrosis tubulus, ginjal

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Plant extract as gas adsorbent to reduce smoke toxicants of cigarette

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1139463/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liu Yonggang

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Hydrogen Cyanide ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Gas Adsorption ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Cigarette Filter ◽

Platycladus Orientalis ◽

Adsorption Capacities

Abstract Cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemicals including many known toxicants and annually leads to millions of deaths worldwide. To reduce the harms of cigarette, plant extracts were applied to adsorb smoke toxicants of cigarette. Results showed that platycladus orientalis leaf extract and mulberry fruit extract particles filled into cigarette cellulose acetate filter can significantly reduce 15 major cigarette smoke toxicants emission including hydrogen cyanide (HCN), benzo[α] pyrene (B[a]P), formaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, 2-butanone, P-hydroquinone, M-dihydroxybenzene, catechol, phenol, M-P-cresol, O-cresol, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-methylnitrosamino-l-3-pyridyl- butanone (NNK), (R,S)-N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and (R,S)-N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) by 11.90% to 60.42% (P<0.01). Platycladus orientalis leaf extract particles added in the outer cigarette filter also can adsorb other 125 kinds of chemicals most of which are harmful. Our results also indicated that plant extract has extensive gas adsorption characteristics and different plant extracts displayed different adsorption capacity to different toxicants. The adsorption capacities of five randomly selected plant extracts are all significantly higher than that of activated carbon（P<0.01). These findings suggest that plant extracts are excellent cigarette smoke adsorbents.

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Neuroprotective effects of Olea europaea L. fruit extract against cigarette smoke‐induced depressive‐like behaviors in Sprague–Dawley rats

Journal of Food Biochemistry ◽

10.1111/jfbc.14014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Urwa Tariq ◽

Masood Sadiq Butt ◽

Imran Pasha ◽

Muhammad Naeem Faisal

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Olea Europaea ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Olea Europaea L ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Olea Europaéa

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Robustness of HPHC Reduction for THS 2.2 Aerosol Compared with 3R4F Reference Cigarette Smoke Under High Intensity Puffing Conditions

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 66-83

Author(s):

Catherine Goujon ◽

Samuel Kleinhans ◽

Serge Maeder ◽

Laurent Poget ◽

Jean-Pierre Schaller

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

High Intensity ◽

Large Range ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Mainstream Smoke ◽

Cigarette Filter ◽

Puff Volume ◽

Multiple Regimes ◽

Present Context ◽

Health Canada

SummaryIn the absence of standards specific for testing the reduction robustness of the levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), the aerosol from the THS 2.2, a heated tobacco product, was compared with the mainstream smoke of the 3R4F reference cigarette over a broad range of machine-smoking regimes. The average reduction and the introduced concept of threshold limits of robust reduction were derived from HPHC concentrations, in mass per tobacco-stick normalized per total puff volume, to propose an alternative for the assessment of products where nicotine-adjusted yields would be inappropriate. In addition, this study explores the influence of 3R4F reference cigarette filter ventilation, and discusses the roles of temperature and precursors in the present context of robustness of HPHC reduction. Fifty-four HPHCs were analyzed under multiple regimes in THS 2.2 aerosol and 3R4F cigarette smoke. The average reduction of HPHC concentrations compared across all regimes characterized the robustness. Threshold limits of reduction of individual HPHCs were statistically determined across all regimes. The results observed under Health Canada Intense (HCI) and more intense regimes indicated that on average the reductions in HPHCs levels investigated in THS 2.2 aerosol were more than 90% and that the majority of the 54 HPHCs investigated in THS 2.2 aerosol showed more than 90% reduction. The robustness of THS 2.2 in maintaining the levels of reduction of representative HPHCs, whatever the puffing regime, can be quantified. The mass of HPHC per tobacco-stick normalized per total puff volume is a valuable approach to compare the robustness of the performance of a product over a large range of puffing conditions. Our findings will greatly complement the assessment for robustness of current and future similar products where classical approaches would present limitations.

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A Method for Measuring the Elution of Nicotine and Total Particulate Matter from a Cigarette Filter

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0306 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J.G. Curran ◽

J.E. Kiefer

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Total Particulate Matter ◽

Cigarette Filter ◽

Burning Zone ◽

Minor Factor ◽

A Minor ◽

Cellulose Acetate Filter

AbstractA method was developed to measure the amount of an SV smoke component captured by a filter for at least the duration of a puff and eluted from the filter by subsequent puffs of cigarette smoke. It was concluded that the size of the filament affects the elution of nicotine by a cellulose acetate filter and that the elution phenomenon is an important factor in the filtration mechanism of nicotine and a minor factor in the filtration mechanism of TPM. Due to condensation, there is a buildup of nicotine and TPM within 5 mm of the burning zone. This accounts for some of the increased delivery of nicotine and TPM observed when the last portion of the cigarette is smoked

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The Effect of Guava (Psidium guajava L) Fruit Extract on Pulmonary Tissue and Malondialdehyde Levels of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.02.130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Pulmonary Tissue

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Reduction of Harmful Substances in Cigarette Smoke Using TiO2 Nanoparticles

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.425 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1112 ◽

pp. 425-428

Author(s):

Riri Murniati ◽

Sutisna ◽

Edy Wibowo ◽

Mamat Rokhmat ◽

Neni Surtiyeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Particulate Matters ◽

Cigarette Filter ◽

X Ray ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Cigarette Butt ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Harmful Substances

Both qualitative and quantitative effect of TiO2 suspension presence in cigarette filter have been analyzed in order to reduce harmful substances in cigarette smoke, optimizing the capability of TiO2 suspension as nano filter in cigarette filters and reviewing the analysis in order to obtain results with the best variation. Samples in the form of filter paper that has passed of the smoke with some variation treatment as it become ready to be tested and analyzed. Parameter such as concentration and volume variation of TiO2 suspension, and also the inputting method of TiO2 suspension into cigarette filter. Samples were characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer and samples data absorbance obtained in each catchment area. The results showed that by reducing absorbance value percentage of each catchment area, with inputting method of TiO2 suspension through the cigarette filter tip and base, it appears that the most stable and lowest reduction present in C3 and H3, which is sample with 1.85 mol/liter concentration and 0.3 ml suspension volume. Both sample reduced particulate matters significantly after confirmed with X-Ray Fluorescence and SEM-EDS results, and was compared to sample filter without TiO2. Inputting method of TiO2 suspension through a base of cigarette butt is better and safer than through end of cigarette filter.

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