scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ SOCIAL SKILLS ON COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN SCIENCEEDUCATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Jatmiko ◽  
Insih Wilujeng
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Learning Types ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA PADA METODE KOOPERATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPAAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dan tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) yang ditinjau dari keterampilan sosial siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bulukerto. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis quasi experimental atau penelitian eksperimen semu, dengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest with nonequivalent group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Bulukerto, Wonogiri Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Sampel dipilih dua kelas dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Kelas eksperimen pertama diberi perlakuan dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dan kelas eksperimen kedua diberi perlakuan dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TAI. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi. Data dianalisis dengan statistik uji independent t test pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan tipe TAI terhadap keterampilan sosial siswa. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, secara umum pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dan tipe TAI memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan keterampilan sosial siswa.Kata kunci: pembelajaran kooperatif, keterampilan social, IPAAbstractThis study was aimed at analyzing the influences of cooperative learning types, namely Jigsaw and Assisted Individualization Team (TAI) in terms of social skills of the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Bulukerto. The study used a quasi-experimental method using a pretest-posttest design with nonequivalent groups. The population of this study was grade-eight students of SMP Negeri 1 Bulukerto, Wonogiri, Year 2015/2016. The samples were two classes selected using the cluster random sampling technique. The first experimental class was treated using Jigsaw cooperative learning and the second experimental class was treated using TAI cooperative learning. The data collection technique used was observation. The results show that Jigsaw cooperative learning is more influential than TAI in improving the social skills of the students. Based on the observation, generally, Jigsaw and TAI cooperative learning techniques give influence to the improvement of the studentssocial skills.Keywords: cooperative learning, social skills, science

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Round Table Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMAN 101 Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Belva Yessica Grace Morainauli
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

This study aims to determine whether the Round Table cooperative learning model influences the mathematical communication skills of students of SMAN 101 Jakarta. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2018/2019 academic year on the subject of Lines and Series. The research method used was quasi-experimental. The target population of this study were all students of SMAN 101 Jakarta and the affordable population in this study were students of XI MIPA. The sampling technique uses cluster random sampling technique. The research instrument used was a test of mathematical communication skills as many as four description questions. the instrument has gone through content validation tests, construct validation and empirical validation. After the instrument is valid, reliability is tested where the correlation coefficient obtained is 0.5602. After testing the normality, homogeneity and similarity of averages and cluster random sampling. XI MIPA 2 was chosen as the control class and XI MIPA 4 as the experimental class. Based on the calculation of the research data of the two classes, each of them is normally distributed and has the same or homogeneous variance. Therefore, hypothesis testing is done by using t-test statistics with a significant level α = 0.05. Based on the results of the test, the value of tcount = 2.43499 and t table = 1.6682 is obtained, so that it gets tcount> ttable. So reject H0. This shows that there is the influence of Round Table cooperative learning model on mathematical communication skills of students of SMAN 101 Jakarta.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DENGAN PENDEKATAN PMR TERHADAP ASPEK AFEKTIF MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA

Eksponen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karsoni Berta Dinataa
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the jigsaw cooperative learning model with a realistic mathematics education (PMR) approach to students' affective aspects of mathematics. This type of research is quasi-experimental research. This study consisted of independent variable namely jigsaw cooperative learning model with realistic approach and one dependent variable namely the affective aspects of students' mathematics. The population in this study was the eighth grade students of State Junior High Schools in North Lampung Regency. Sampling was carried out by stratified cluster random sampling technique and obtained 9 classes from 3 state junior high schools in North Lampung Regency, consisting of 3 experimental classes I, 3 experimental classes II, and 3 control classes. The instrument for collecting data is a questionnaire on the affective aspects of mathematics, Testing the hypothesis in this study using a t-test. The results showed that there was an influence of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model with the PMR approach to the affective aspects of students'mathematics.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TAI DIBANDING DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarwanti Sudarwanti ◽  
Esti Harini
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of TAI model through mathematics learning. This research was a quasi-experimental research. Sampling technique in this research used Cluster Random Sampling technique. Data collection technique used documentation and tests. The data analysis technique used two-way variance analysis with unequal cell. The result of this research was that learning using TAI model is not more effective to use (Fobs< Ftable) with 1,508<4.00; Students who have high initial ability, have mathematics learning outcomes that are no better than those with moderate and low-skilled students (Fobs< Ftable) with 2,015< 3.15; There is no interaction between the learning model used and the students 'initial ability to the students' mathematics learning outcomes (Fobs< Ftable= 0,501<3.15). A suggestion on the results of this study is in the process of teaching and learning teachers should be able to create an atmosphere of learning that can make students become more active.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Yuni Wulandari ◽  
Revaldi Afryanza ◽  
Tria Gustiningsi
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 9 Palembang. Indikator pemahaman konsep penelitian ini adalah: (1)Menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep, (2)Mengklasifikasi objek-objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu sesuai dengan konsepnya, (3)Mengidentifikasi dan membuat bentuk aljabar contoh dan bukan contoh, (4)Menggunakan, memanfaatkan dan memilih prosedur atau operasi tertentu, (5)Mengaplikasikan konsep atau algoritma pada pemecahan masalah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian Posttest Only Control. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik sample random sampling yang terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas kontrol pada kelas VII 5 dan kelas eksperimen pada kelas VII 3 dengan masing-masing kelas 20 siswa. Pada kelas kontrol diterapkan model pembelajaran konvensional dan kelas eksperimen diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t, hasil perhitungan diperoleh yaitu 2,6768 2,024 untuk α = 0,05, maka H0 ditolak. Sehingga diperolah bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 9 Palembang tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Kata kunci: model kooperatif, tipe pembelajaran think pair share, kemampuan pemahaman konsep    matematis   The Effect of Cooperative Learning Type Think Pair Share Model on the Ability of Understanding Student Mathematical Concept   Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model Think Pair Share (TPS) type on the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of seventh grade students of Palembang State Middle School 9. Indicators of understanding the concept of this research are: (1) Reiterating a concept, (2) Classifying objects according to certain characteristics according to the concept, (3) Identifying and making sample algebraic forms and not examples, (4) Using, utilizing and choosing certain procedures or operations, (5) Applying concepts or algorithms to problem solving. The data collection technique used is a test. This research is a quasi-experimental study with the Posttest Only Control research design. The sampling technique used was the sample random sampling technique which consisted of two classes namely the control class in class VII 5 and the experimental class in class VII 3 with each class of 20 students. In the control class, a conventional learning model was applied and the experimental class was applied to the TPS cooperative learning model. Hypothesis testing uses the t test, the calculation results obtained are 2,6768 2,024 for α = 0.05, then H0 is rejected. So that it is obtained that there is the influence of the TPS type cooperative learning model on the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of seventh grade students of Palembang State Middle School in the academic year 2018/2019. Keywords: cooperative model, type of think pair share learning, ability to understand mathematical concepts Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 9 Palembang. Indikator pemahaman konsep penelitian ini adalah: (1)Menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep, (2)Mengklasifikasi objek-objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu sesuai dengan konsepnya, (3)Mengidentifikasi dan membuat bentuk aljabar contoh dan bukan contoh, (4)Menggunakan, memanfaatkan dan memilih prosedur atau operasi tertentu, (5)Mengaplikasikan konsep atau algoritma pada pemecahan masalah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian Posttest Only Control. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik sample random sampling yang terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas kontrol pada kelas VII 5 dan kelas eksperimen pada kelas VII 3 dengan masing-masing kelas 20 siswa. Pada kelas kontrol diterapkan model pembelajaran konvensional dan kelas eksperimen diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t, hasil perhitungan diperoleh yaitu 2,6768 2,024 untuk α = 0,05, maka H0 ditolak. Sehingga diperolah bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 9 Palembang tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Kata kunci: model kooperatif, tipe pembelajaran think pair share, kemampuan pemahaman konsep    matematis     Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model Think Pair Share (TPS) type on the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of seventh grade students of Palembang State Middle School 9. Indicators of understanding the concept of this research are: (1) Reiterating a concept, (2) Classifying objects according to certain characteristics according to the concept, (3) Identifying and making sample algebraic forms and not examples, (4) Using, utilizing and choosing certain procedures or operations, (5) Applying concepts or algorithms to problem solving. The data collection technique used is a test. This research is a quasi-experimental study with the Posttest Only Control research design. The sampling technique used was the sample random sampling technique which consisted of two classes namely the control class in class VII 5 and the experimental class in class VII 3 with each class of 20 students. In the control class, a conventional learning model was applied and the experimental class was applied to the TPS cooperative learning model. Hypothesis testing uses the t test, the calculation results obtained are 2,6768 2,024 for α = 0.05, then H0 is rejected. So that it is obtained that there is the influence of the TPS type cooperative learning model on the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of seventh grade students of Palembang State Middle School in the academic year 2018/2019. Keywords: cooperative model, type of think pair share learning, ability to understand mathematical concepts

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN LAY-UP SHOOT BOLA BASKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the cooperative learning model type student team's achievement division has on basketball shoot lay-up skills. The research method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The type of research design used was the non-equivalent group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Majalengka in 2019 totaling 424 students. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 214 students consisting of class XI IPS 1-4 and XI MIPA 7-8. The experimental group class XI IPS 1-2 and XI MIPA, control group class XI IPS 3-4 and XI MIPA 8. The results showed that the mean pre-test lay-up shoot of the experimental group was 4.09 while the control group was 3.92. The mean post-test shoot lay-up of the experimental group was 6.76 while the control group was 4.72. Furthermore, by looking at 95% confidence interval of the difference, there is a difference between the shoot lay-up results of the experimental group and the control group, which is -0.190 to 2.412. Thus, it can be concluded that STAD is effective in improving basketball shoot lay-up skills.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TSTS–NHT DAN GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENGANTAR BISNIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Mendarissan Aritonang ◽  
Abdul Hamid K ◽  
Julaga Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan :(1) Untuk mengetahui hasil belajar pengantar bisnis mahasiswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TST lebih tinggi dari mahasiswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT. (2) Untuk mengetahui hasil belajar  pengantar bisnis mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar teoritis dan mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar pragmatis. (3) Untuk mengetahui interaksi antara model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan gaya belajar  terhadap hasil belajar pengantar bisnis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Populasi berjumlah 180 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cluster random sampling. Metode penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2 x 2 dilanjutkan dengan statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan ANAVA dua jalur dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Scheffe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) hasil belajar pengantar bisnis mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TSTS lebih tinggi dari pada hasil belajar pengantar bisnis mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT; (2) hasil belajar pengantar bisnis mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar teoritis lebih tinggi dari pada hasil belajar pengantar bisnis mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar pragmatis; (3) terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan gaya belajar  dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar mahasiswa.  Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran kooperatif, TST, NHT, gaya belajar, pengantar bisnis.  Abstract: This study aims: (1) To find out the introductory learning outcomes of business students who are taught with the cooperative learning model of the TST type are higher than students who are taught with the cooperative learning model of the NHT type. (2) To find out the introductory learning outcomes of business students who have theoretical learning styles and students who have pragmatic learning styles. (3) To determine the interaction between cooperative learning models with learning styles on introductory business learning outcomes. This research was conducted at the Methodist University of Indonesia. The population is 180 people. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling. Quasi-experimental research method with 2 x 2 factorial design followed by inferential statistics using two-way ANAVA with a significant level α = 0.05 followed by the Scheffe test. The results showed: (1) the results of introductory business learning students who were taught with the cooperative learning model type TSTS were higher than the results of introductory business learning students who were taught with the NHT type cooperative learning model; (2) the results of introductory business learning students who have theoretical learning styles are higher than the results of introductory business learning students who have pragmatic learning styles; (3) there is an interaction between cooperative learning models and learning styles in influencing student learning outcomes. Keywords: cooperative learning model, TST, NHT, learning style, business introduction.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE PAIR CHECK DENGAN TIPE THINK PAIR SQUARE DI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda Arianti ◽  
Syubhan Annur ◽  
Mastuang Mastuang
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Model Pair ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Student learning outcomes is still less than optimal or unsatisfactory, it can be known through the data replication midterm class XI IPA at SMAN 9 Banjarmasin. This happens because the learning methods and models used by teachers based on observations during the learning tend to be monotonous and less engaging students, so that students are less enthusiastic and less active in the following study. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning model Pair Check with the type of Think Pair Square in class XI SMA Negeri 9 Banjarmasin. This type of research used in this research is quantitative quasi-experimental research design. This study population is all students in grade XI IPA at SMAN 9 Banjarmasin. Samples were taken using cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques are techniques achievement test and documentation. The results showed that there are differences in learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning model Pair Check with the type of Think Pair Square in class XI SMA Negeri 9 Banjarmasin.

Does Compensation Important? The Effect of Compensation on Teachers Performance in Vocational High School

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Windasari Windasari ◽  
Muchammad Zulham Yahya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Teacher Compensation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compensation on the teacher performance in vocational school. This research used a quantitative approach. Data collection technique was by distributing a questionnaire using a five-likert scale. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Samples taken from each school amounted to 3 teachers from each department, so there were 42 respondents from 5 schools. Validity test used the Pearson product moment. The analysis technique used to answer the research hypothesis uses simple linear regression. The results showed that teacher compensation had an effect on teacher performance in vocational high school.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA DITINJAU DARI PENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CORE (CONNECTING, ORGANIZING, REFLECTING, EXTENDING)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Nina Anriani Pulungan ◽  
Nunik Ardiana ◽  
Muhammad Syahril Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Inferential Statistic ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Mathematical Connection

The aim of this study is to analyze students’ mathematical connection ability on the topic of Phytagoras theorem which reviewed on using CORE learning model at the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan. The research was conducted by applying experimental method (intact group comparison design) with 54 students as the sample and they were taken by using Cluster random sampling technique. Sample was divided into two groups, 27 students as control class (using lecture) and 27 students as experimental class (using CORE).  Based on descriptive analysis, it was found: (a) the average of students’ mathematical connection ability before using lecture learning model was 50.82 (fair category) and after using lecture learning model was 73.66 (enough category) and (b) the average of students’ mathematical connection ability before using CORE learning model was 50.72 (fair category) and after using CORE learning model was 85.25 (good category). Furthermore, based on inferential statistic by using N-Gain, the result showed g= 0.369 (low category) for control class and g=0.706 (high category) for experimental class. It ‘s concluded that using CORE more effective than lecture learning model on the topic of Phytagoras  theorem at the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingga Nico Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Direct Instruction ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Collection Methods

<p>The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of learning models to student achievement. Learning models compared between NHT-CTL, NHT and direct instruction. Method of research used quasi experimental with the factorial design of 3x1. Population of this research was all students class VIII in SMP Negeri at Madiun City. The sampling technique using a stratified cluster random sampling. Samples in this research were 266 students with 91 students as experimental class I, 88 students as experimental class II and 87 students as control class. Data collection methods used documentation and test.Hypothesis testing was performed using one-way analysis of variance with unequal cells. Based on the results of hypothesis testwere concluded that NHT-CTL learning model gave better achievement than NHT learning model and direct instruction, while NHT learning model and direct instruction gave the same achievement. </p>

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