Impact, Effect and Relationship Amongst the Collection of Coupling Measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Verma ◽  
Bhupesh Kr. Dewangan
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
The State ◽  
Impact Effect ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Object Level

Several authors have tried to address the problem of impact, effect, and relationship amongst the collection of coupling measures by introducing frameworks to characterize different approaches to coupling and the relative strengths of these, although, on their own, none of the frameworks could be considered comprehensive. There are three existing and quite different frameworks for object-oriented coupling. First, Eder et al. identify three different types of relationships. These relationships, interaction relationships between methods, component relationships between classes, and inheritance between classes, are then used to derive different dimensions of coupling which are classified according to different strengths. Second, Hitz and Montazeri approach coupling by deriving two different types of coupling: object level coupling and class level coupling which are determined by the state of an object and the state of an objects implementation respectively. Again different strengths of coupling are proposed. And third, Briand et al. (1997) constitute coupling as interactions between classes. The strength of the coupling is determined by the type of the interaction, the relationship between the classes, and the interactions locus of impact. As none of the frameworks has been used to characterize existing measures to the different dimensions of coupling identified, the negative aspects highlighted above are still very common ones.

scholarly journals The state and personality in the works of N.A. Berdyaev

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Stepan Yaichny
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

This article discusses the basic concepts of Berdyaev’s philosophy, traces the relationship of his philosophical view and political convictions. This relationship is revealed through the concept of personality, which is the central concept of Berdyaev’s philosophy. Through the attitude to the personality, we can reveal the attitude of N. A. Berdyaev to the institution of the state, understand the social preferences of the Russian philosopher, who has come a long way from the representative of Russian Marxism to Russian religious philosophy. Having understood his ideas about the ideal structure of society, we can understand the attitude of N. A. Berdyaev to the Soviet state. The article distinguishes between two different types of relationships: the individual and society - collectivism and communitarianism. Berdyaev’s view is shown in the origins of Russian communism, which, in the opinion of the philosopher, are found not only in Western European philosophy, but also in the historical mentality of Russian people.

scholarly journals Religiosity, Religious Practice, and Antisemitism in Present-Day Hungary

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Ildikó Barna ◽  
András Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Representative Samples

Since 1995, Surveys on antisemitism using national representative samples have been regularly carried out in Hungary. In this article, we used data from the 2011 and 2017 surveys to explore the relationship between three types of antisemitism, namely religious, secular, and emotional. Moreover, we scrutinized how different religiosity indicators can be used as explanatory variables for the different types of antisemitism. We found a slight increase in religious and secular antisemitism between 2011 and 2017, while emotional antisemitism remained almost the same. Religious anti-Judaism significantly correlated with both secular and emotional antisemitism, however, its relationship was much stronger with the former. When analyzing the relationship between different types of antisemitism and religiosity indicators, we found that while in 2011, all the indicators were connected to religious, and most of them to secular and emotional antisemitism, in 2017, only the variables measuring subjective self-classification remained significant. The results show that the relationship between religion and antisemitism underwent some substantial changes between 2011 and 2017. While in 2011, personal religiosity was a significant predictor of the strength of antisemitism, in 2017, religion serving as a cultural identity marker took over this function. The hypothetical explanatory factor for the change is the rebirth of the “Christian-national” idea appearing as the foundational element of the new Hungarian constitution, according to which Christian culture is the ultimate unifying force of the nation, giving the inner essence and meaning of the state. In this discourse, being Christian is equated with being Hungarian. Self-declared and self-defined Christian religiosity plays the role of a symbolic marker for accepting the national-conservative identity discourse and belonging to the “Christian-national” cultural-political camp where antisemitic prejudices occur more frequently than in other segments of the society.

scholarly journals Le torri “tipiche del regno” in Terra d’Otranto: caratteri morfologici e differenze costruttive

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Errico
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Coastal Landscape ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Relationship

The “typical towers of the kingdom” in Terra d’Otranto: characteristics and constructive differencesTo those who travel through Puglia from the Gargano down to Capo di Leuca and from here to the Bradano, it impossible not to appreciate the variety of the coastal landscape that is characterized, from north to south, by the almost constant presence of fortifications. In particular, this presence becomes more concentrated and more perceptible in Terra d’Otranto, where the coastal cities are reduced to only the fortified strongholds –Brindisi, Otranto, Gallipoli and Taranto– while the landscape is characterized by the persistence of traces of over 80 towers. However, they cannot all be traced back to the same age and present themselves with different dimensions, materials and construction techniques. These differences are attributable to not only factors concerning when they were constructed, but above all related to the coastal orography where they are located as well as to the availability and ease of finding materials. In Terra d’Otranto there are five different types: a polygonal plan; “A priest’s hat”, circular towers, some of which are known as “towers of the Otranto series”, quadrangular-based towers with monumental stairs identified as towers of the “Nardò series” and, the most numerous, quadrangular-based towers noted as “typical of the Kingdom” towers. The latter, in particular, are recognizable by the formal and constructive styles adopted not only in the census towers in Terra d’Otranto and/or in the rest of Puglia, but on all the Mediterranean coasts affected by the general fortification plan ordered by Carlo V implemented by the Viceroy Don Parafan de Ribera, Duke of Alcalá. The proposed study intends to elaborate on the morphological characteristics and the constructive differences of this widely diffused typology and in particular to investigate the peculiarities of the “typical of the Kingdom” towers present along the coasts of Terra d’Otranto, the problems of conservation and use, as well as the relationship with the inland organisms and the role played in defining the landscape.

scholarly journals Leadership Effects on CSR Employee, Media, Customer, and NGOs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Solin HK Ali ◽  
Noor-us-Sabbah Khan ◽  
Yunus Yildiz ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Different Types ◽  
C And N ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

This study aims to examine and compare the effects of ethical leadership (EL) and transformational leadership (TL) separately on different dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) including (i) CSR to media (M), (ii) CSR to employee (E), (iii) CSR to customer (C), and (iv) CSR to NGOs (N). Convenience sampling methodology was used to collect the data through two survey questionnaires. In total, 266 responses of employees and managers were received: 87 responses were collected from the customers of top companies in Sulaymaniyah, that is, Carrefour, Qaiwan, Asiacell, and Korek. The methodology includes descriptive statistics, regression analysis, correlations, and covariance. This study provides a unique insight into the relationship between CSR and different types of leadership styles (EL and TL). The study finds out that both EL and TL have positive relationships with the variables M, E, C, and N. Leadership style, which leads an organization to better CSR in all of the above-mentioned dimensions, has been identified in this study.

TYPES OF LINGUISTIC AMBIGUITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
Yuliia Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Content Range

The phenomenon of ambiguity of the Chinese language is analyzed in the article. It has been proved that in the course of speech communication a word, a phrase, a sentence or even a segment sometimes contains two or more meanings which can be interpreted in two or more ways. The article deals with different types of ambiguity in the speech of the modern Chinese. The classification of ambiguity types has been studied. By studying the types of one can see the relationship between ambiguity and phonetics, content, grammar as well as pragmatism. The ambiguity caused by the pronunciation and the meaning of the word can be explained by the fact that in ancient times the Chinese used limited material to determine the broad content range in the writing of Chinese characters, which inevitably caused duplication and ambiguity of their meaning. The relationship between linguistic forms and the content alongside with the state of semantic relations in grammatical research have been analyzed in the article; some other linguistic issues that will contribute to the further study of theories and methods of grammatical research have been examined. Due to the constant changes happening within the Chinese language, there are many similar words as well as homophones (the same phonetic expression which expresses different meanings). The conditions causing ambiguity in communication: as soon as the text appears, the ambiguity disappears. Some examples that often confuse foreigners who study the Chinese language have been presented in the article; the designated examples revealing ambiguity have been analysed.

Exploring the Relationship Between Social Support and Job Burnout Among Correctional Staff

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Lambert ◽  
Irshad Altheimer ◽  
Nancy L. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Correctional Staff ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Staff Burnout ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between social support and burnout among correctional staff at a private midwestern correctional facility for juveniles tried as adults. Research on correctional staff burnout often calls for social support to help combat the problem; however, there has been no published research on whether different types of social support influence the different dimensions of job burnout. As such, the analyses examined the effects of family-and-friends support, coworker support, management support, and supervisor support on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and ineffectiveness. The results revealed that different types of social support influenced different dimensions of burnout. Each dimension of job burnout was influenced by at least one type of social support. Furthermore, the effects of some types of social support were unique to specific dimensions of job burnout, and none of the types combined to influence any dimension of job burnout in a uniform manner. The results point to the need to develop different forms of social support to deal with the different dimensions of burnout.

scholarly journals A Panel Data Analysis of Relationship between Migration and Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Raju John
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the relationship between migration and inequality in India is analyzed on the basis of an understanding of the role of migration in creating inequalities in the economy and society of the state of Kerala. The Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, conducts periodic Kerala Migration Surveys (KMSs) to monitor the current status of emigration from and return emigration to the state of Kerala. This data set is used to discover the dynamics of migration–inequality relationship in the state. The results of the study suggest that migration causes inequalities in mobility between migrant and non-migrant households and between different types of migrant households.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Coverage-Based Fault Localizations Using Mutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1091-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhen Xue ◽  
Sima Siami-Namini ◽  
Akbar Siami Namin
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Testing And Debugging ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Types Of Faults

Empirical studies show that coverage-based fault localizations are very effective in testing and debugging software applications. It is also a commonly held belief that no software testing techniques would perform best for all programs with various data structures and complexity. An important research question posed in this paper is whether the type and complexity of faults in a given program has any influence on the performance of these fault localization techniques. This paper investigates the performance of coverage-based fault localizations for different types of faults. We explore and compare the accuracy of these techniques for two large groups of faults often observed in object-oriented programs. First, we explore different types of traditional method-level faults grouped into six categories including those related to arithmetic, relational, conditional, logical, assignment, and shift. We then focus on class-level faults related to object-oriented features and group them into four categories including inheritance, overriding, Java-specific features, and common programming mistakes. The results show that coverage-based fault localizations are less effective for class-level faults associated with object-oriented features of programs. We therefore advocate the needs for designing more effective fault localizations for debugging object-oriented and class-level defects.

Emotion Appraisals Predict Neuroticism and Extraversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrew Comensoli ◽  
Carolyn MacCann
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
The State ◽  
The Relationship

The current study proposes and refines the Appraisals in Personality (AIP) model in a multilevel investigation of whether appraisal dimensions of emotion predict differences in state neuroticism and extraversion. University students (N = 151) completed a five-factor measure of trait personality, and retrospectively reported seven situations from the previous week, giving state personality and appraisal ratings for each situation. Results indicated that: (a) trait neuroticism and extraversion predicted average levels of state neuroticism and extraversion respectively, and (b) five of the examined appraisal dimensions predicted one, or both of the state neuroticism and extraversion personality domains. However, trait personality did not moderate the relationship between appraisals and state personality. It is concluded that appraisal dimensions of emotion may provide a useful taxonomy for quantifying and comparing situations, and predicting state personality.

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