scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation of Monensin Sodium on rumen metabolism and Milk Yield in Early Lactating Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prathviraj . ◽  
Shrikant Kulkarni ◽  
N. M. Soren ◽  
Sathisha K. B. ◽  
Srinivas Reddy Bellur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Standard Ration ◽  
Sodium Supplementation

The study was carried out to assess the effect of monensin sodium supplementation on rumen fermentation metabolites and milk yield in early lactating buffaloes. Twelve buffaloes in their 2nd week of lactation were selected. Control group was fed on standard ration whereas the treatment group was supplemented with monensin sodium @ 200 mg/head/day in addition to standard ration. Rumen liquor and blood sample was collected at 2nd and 12th week of lactation. Total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration was estimated by gas chromatography. Monensin sodium (P less than 0.05) decreases acetate and increases propionate concentration and decreases the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen liquor without altering the total volatile fatty acid concentration in experimental period. Supplemented buffaloes yielded 8.22 per cent more milk than the control.

scholarly journals Absorption of Volatile Fatty Acids From the Reticulo-Rumen and Abomasum of Sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
TR Hutchings ◽  
KA Archer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

Ten acute experiments were performed on sheep to study the relative rates of absorption of volatile fatty acids in acid solution from the reticulo-rumen and abomasum. When the solutions in the two organs were approximately the same in initial tonicity, pH, and volatile fatty acid concentration, the total volatile fatty acid was absorbed at about equal rates from both the reticulo-rumen and the abomasum. The individual volatile fatty acids were absorbed from the abomasum at different rates; the rate was faster the greater the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Ammonia in acid solution was not absorbed from the reticulo-rumen or from the abomasum.

Optimization of the content of fast-digesting carbohydrates in a cow diet during a lactation period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Головин
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Additional Income

Ранее были получены положительные результаты влияния сбалансированного содержания легкопереваримых углеводов (крахмала и сахара) в рационах молочных коров на уровень молочной продуктивности, показатели рубцового метаболизма и биохимические показатели крови, характеризующие белковый и углеводный обмены. Оптимизация содержания крахмала и сахара в кормах проводилась с учётом их свойств в зависимости от места ферментации (рубец или тонкий кишечник), конечных продуктов брожения (ЛЖК или глюкоза) и соотношения распадаемых фракций протеина и легкопереваримых углеводов. Для подтверждения ранее полученных данных было проведено исследование в ФГУП ЭХ «Клёново-Чегодаево» на двух группах коров голштинизированной чёрно-пёстрой породы в 2019 году. Было установлено, что скармливание кормов с белково-углеводным отношением, равным 0,45 и 0,50, привело к увеличению среднесуточного удоя молока 4% жирности на 2,0 кг, или 7,6% (p ≤ 0,05), за первые 100 дней лактации и на 6,8% (p ≥ 0,05) — в целом за 305 дней. Такая система кормления оказалась более эффективной, чем оптимизация рационов по сахаро-протеиновому отношению. При этом затраты кормов на единицу продукции (ЭКЕ) снизились на 7,1%. Сбалансированное белково-углеводное отношение повысило интенсивность белкового, углеводного и липидного обменов, что привело к увеличению содержания альбуминов, глюкозы, фосфолипидов и холестерина и снижению концентрации мочевины, билирубина и триглицеридов. Общая стоимость реализации 100 кг молока 3,4% жирности в значительной степени превосходила общие затраты на его производство, а дополнительная прибыль от его реализации составила 8781,1 руб. на 1 голову. Feeding cows with forage balanced in the content of fast-digesting carbohydrates (starch and sugar) positively affected milk yield, rumen metabolism and blood biochemistry characterizing protein and carbohydrate metabolisms. Starch and sugar contents were optimized according to their fermentation pathways either in rumen or small intestine, end products (volatile fatty acids or glucose) and the ratio of degradable protein to fast-digesting carbohydrates. The investigation was conducted at “Klenovo-Chegodaevo”, the research farm in 2019 to confirm the earlier findings. Holstein black-and-white cows consuming forage with protein-to-carbohydrate ratios of 0.45 and 0.50 exceeded the control group in 4% milk yield by 2.0 kg or 7.6% (p ≤ 0,05) in the first 100 days of lactation and by 6.8% (p ≥ 0,05) — in total for 305 days. Balancing protein-to-carbohydrate ratio was more effective than balancing sugar-to-protein ratio. Feed costs per production unit dropped by 7.1%. Balanced protein-to-carbohydrate ratio increased protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms resulting in higher concentrations of albumin, glucose, phospholipids, and cholesterol as well as lower contents of urea, bilirubin, and triglycerides. Total market value of 100 kg of 3.4% milk exceeded its production costs; additional income amounting to 8781.1 RUB per 1 head.

Effects of protected vegetable fats on rumen metabolism and productivity dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Feed Costs

In a scientific economic experiment conducted in the experimental farm «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on three groups of Holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 10 heads in each, it was found that the inclusion in the diet of cows of the experimental groups tested protected fats (hydrogenated and fractionated) in the amount of 300 g per head per day, contributed to the tendency for more intensive metabolic processes in the rumen due to a slight increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids by 5,6–7,4% and an increase in the mass of microorganisms in the contents of the rumen by 5,4–14,4% (P≥0,05). At the same time, an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ / kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fats in the diet of cows from the experimental groups, contributed to an increase in milk yield 4% fat content for 100 days of the experiment by 9,7% and 11,0% (P≤0,05), compared with the control, as well as the production of milk fat and protein, respectively by 9,6–11,0% (P≤0,05 in the second case) and 7,4–8,3%, feed costs expressed in ME decreased by 4,9–5,2%.

The influence of mineral granulated complex on milk productivity and quality indicators of cows’ milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S. I. Nikolaev ◽  
D. A. Randelin ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
Yu. M. Batrakova ◽  
K. S. Arstanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Milk Solids

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of rations for freshly calved cows during the increasing the milk yield period with the use of new mineral granulated complexes produced by Uralchem LLC. The results of research on the replacement of the mineral part of the vitamin and mineral premix in the rations of lactating cows with the mineral granular complex developed according to two recipes have been presented in the article. Research has shown that cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups during the experiment period gave more milk than their herdmates from the control group by 70,8 (P ≥ 0,95) and 106,2 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Due to the higher milk yield of animals that consumed the granulated complex, the yield of milk fat was greater than that of the control analogues by 3,21 (P ≥ 0,95) and 5,17 kg (P ≥ 0,95), protein by 2,70 and 4,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). The milk yield of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups for 305 days of lactation was higher than in the control group, respectively, by 205,3 (P ≥ 0,95) and 296,8 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In the milk of cows that consumed the granulated complex, there was a tendency for a higher content of dry matter (0,09 and 0,16 %), lactose (0,01 and 0,06 %), nonfat milk solids (0,09 and 0,07 %), ash (0,05 and 0,05 %) in comparison with analogues from the control group. A similar trend has been established between groups of cows in terms of milk density, acidity and rennet coagulability. The revenue from the sale of milk produced from cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was more than in the control group for the experimental period (120 days) by 2074,6 and 3344,0 rubles and for the 305 days of lactation by 7055,4 and 9950,6 rubles.

FERMENTATION OF WHEAT OR LUPINS IN THE RUMEN OF SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. HODGE ◽  
M. J. WATSON ◽  
C. KAT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and branched chain fatty acids was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid of sheep given lupins than in those given wheat but there were no significant differences in pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration or molar proportions of acetate, propionate or butyrate. Key words: Sheep, wheat, lupins, rumen, fermentation

scholarly journals Interactions of acetate, propionate and butyrate in sheep liver mitochondria

1971 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Sheep Liver ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

1. Interactions in the rates of consumption of acetate, propionate and butyrate in sheep liver mitochondria were examined in the presence and absence of l–malate and α–oxoglutarate. 2. Acetate was not consumed in absence of ancillary substrate but utilization of acetate (7.2nmol/min per mg of protein) occurred in the presence of α–oxoglutarate. This consumption was abolished by propionate or butyrate but the presence of acetate did not affect consumption of propionate or butyrate. 3. Propionate consumption (10.1nmol/min per mg of protein) was unaffected by malate but was stimulated by 63% by butyrate or by 180% by α–oxoglutarate. 4. Butyrate consumption (3.3nmol/min per mg of protein) was stimulated by 117% by malate, by 151% by propionate and by 310% by α–oxoglutarate. 5. In the absence of ancillary substrates the maximum rate of total volatile fatty acid utilization (24.7nmol/min per mg of protein) occurred with a mixture of propionate and butyrate. When both propionate and butyrate were present total consumption was not affected by malate but was stimulated by 24% by α–oxoglutarate. With α–oxoglutarate present, propionate and butyrate each decreased the other's consumption by about 26%, but the total utilization was the greatest observed. 6. The inhibition of acetate consumption by propionate or butyrate is unexplained, but the remaining effects are consistent with an interaction of propionate and butyrate through oxaloacetate together with a general limitation imposed by a need for GTP to rephosphorylate AMP formed during activation of the volatile fatty acids.

scholarly journals Produk Metabolisme Rumen pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole Fase Tumbuh

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S.N.O. Suwandyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Rumen metabolism product on growing cattle ongole gradeABSTRACT. The utilization of fermented fibrous waste material had improved the product of rumen metabolism in vitro, nevertheless, it was not always the same result if treated on animal, in vivo. An experiment had been conducted to investigate the result of the in vitro trial to the growing male cattle of Ongole Grade.  The experiment had been conducted by experimental method using twelve (12) growing male cattle of Ongole Grade.  The trial was conducted in Completely Randomized Block Design, during seven months period, three months adaption, two weeks preliminary, three months feeding trial and two weeks digestion trial.  The treatment tested were: R0 = control ration, non fermented; R1 = mesh type fermented and R2 = pellet type fermented. The variables measured were: the production of Total Volatile Fatty Acid (T-VFA); asetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4).  The result shown that the treatment, biological and physical, of complete feed, does not influence on the production of T-VFA as well as on the composition (C2, C3 and  C4).  Nevertheless based on all the variables measured, the biological treatment with fermentation tends to increase the production of rumen metabolism, and the highest result of the products of T-VFA = 112,43 + 17,2 mM/L, C2 = 40,46 + 8,98 mM/L, C3 = 34,57 + 7,35 mM/L, C4 = 31,17 + 7,35 mM/L,  were resulted from pellet type of complete feed.  The result of experiment concludes : (1) based on the production of VFA as well as its composition, and the balance of C2 / C3, the utilization of complete feed both mesh and pellet type increases the efficiency of energy utilization on the growing male of Ongole Grade Cattle;  (2) based on rumen metabolism product, the recommended complete feed for growing male cattle of Ongole grade is in the form of fermented pellet.

The effect of feeding protected Methionine on the milk yield and fertility of Friesian dairy cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Bridget Drew ◽  
J A Foulkes ◽  
Jill F B Altman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The results of studies undertaken outside the United Kingdom suggest that the inclusion of 50 g of 30% protected DL Methionine (Ketionin) into the ration of conventionally fed dairy cows improves feed utilisation, milk yield, fertility and health. For instance (Spørndly (1981) in Sweden measured the weight of cows during the experimental period and found that the weight loss in the control group was twice that of the cows that received Ketionin. In West Germany a significant increase in milk of 2.0 kg per day was obtained by Kaufmann and Hagemeister (1980) and similar results were reported by Kuther (1982). Stoikov (1978) in studies on 673 cows in Bulgaria showed an improvement in calving rate from 37% in the control group to 55% in the treated group and Daugaard (1978) working in Denmark reported that the inclusion of Ketionin reduced the incidence of Ketosis.

scholarly journals Feeding effect of total mixed ration on milk yield, nutrient intake, digestibility and rumen environment in Red Chittagong Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Dilruba Yeasmin ◽  
Md Ahsan Habib ◽  
Farah Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
T1 And T2

Efficient utilization of crop residues is an alternative way to overcome feed shortage for livestock feeding. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect on nutrient intake, milk yield, nutrient digestibility and rumen parameters of total mixed ration (TMR) as mash or block form in comparison to conventional feeding system for a period of 45 days. Accoding to CRD 18 RCC early milking cows (Bos indicus) having average daily milk yield of 3.20±0.14 L/d and divided into three treatment groups. Existing feeding practice at the farm was considered as control group (T0) fed Napier-3 adlib. and concentrate mixture. In another two groups, animals fed TMR, where one fed as block (T1) and another as mash form (T2) with the same roughage and concentrate combination (50:50). All diets contained 16% CP. To determine digestibility of supplied feed, a digestibility trial at the middle of the feeding trial was conducted and also to study the rumen environment (pH, TVFA, NH3-N), rumen liquors were collected at post feeding intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36h. Study revealed that fresh feed intakes were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T0. DMI and CPI were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 group. Significantly (p<0.05) highest milk yields were obtained in T1 (3.6 l/d) and T2 (3.49 l/d) and lowest in T0 (3.35l/d). Milk fat (p<0.001) and SNF (p<0.05) were significantly higher T1 and T2. Except ADF, digestibility for most of the nutrient was significantly higher in T1 and T2 than T0. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly (p<0.01) higher in T1 and T2 groups than that of T0 group. Finally, it may be concluded that TMR, either in block or mash form gives better results in terms of milk yield, milk composition, digestibility and concentration of TVFA and NH3-N. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 71-77

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation with two combinations of alternative to antimicrobials by stages on cecal fermentation in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
X. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Healthy Rabbit ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Total Bacteria

Antimicrobials inhibit cecal fermentation when preventing rabbit from infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with two combinations of alternative to antimicrobial (combination I: 1 × 10<sup>9 </sup>cfu/kg Bacillus subtilis + 2 g/kg fructooligosaccharide; combination II: 2 g/kg acidifier and 0.6 g/kg essential oil) by stages on rabbit’s growth performance and cecal fermentation. Two hundred and forty 15-day-old male kits with similar body weight were distributed randomly to five groups, which were control (basal diet), ZnB (addition of 0.1 g/kg bacitracin zinc in basal diet), II (addition of combination II), I-II (addition of combination I during days 15–35, addition of combination II during days 36–77), and I-II-I (supplemented with combination I during days 15–35 and 57–77, supplemented with combination II during days 36–56). Each group had 6 replicates. One healthy rabbit from each replicate was slaughtered at day 35 and day 77. The results showed: (1) at day 35, the two combinations and bacitracin zinc all inhibited ileal Escherichia coli (P &lt; 0.05), decreased cecal pH, and increased total volatile fatty acid concentration (P &lt; 0.05). Combination І decreased duodenal crypt depth and increased duodenal villi height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) (P &lt; 0.05); (2) at day 77, I-II-I group had more cecal total bacteria than control (P &lt; 0.05). Mode I-II or I-II-I increased cecal Bacteroides-Prevotella (P &lt; 0.05) compared with ZnB. Mode I-II-I shortened duodenal crypt depth and increased VCR compared with control or ZnB (P &lt; 0.05); (3) after weaning, modes I-II-I and I-II had better or similar effect on decreasing diarrhoea and mortality rate compared with ZnB. In conclusion, both modes had better or similar effect on decreasing diarrhoea and mortality rate compared with inclusion of antimicrobial or combination II alone during the whole trial, and mode I-II-I showed better effect than mode I-II.

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