Performance of Institutionalized and Community-Active Old Persons on Concrete and Formal Piagetian Tasks

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Blum Chap ◽  
Jan Dynda Sinnott
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Better Than

This study investigates the effects of age, level of education, and institutionalization on the development of logical thinking. Seven Piagetian tasks, encompassing three levels of difficulty, were administered to thirty-four persons sixty-eight years of age or older. A significant positive relationship was found between success on tasks and educational level. With education controlled, Community-active elders performed significantly better than Institutionalized elders. Within the limitations of a cross-sectional design, results supported the hypothesis that cognitive abilities in old age retain an orderly structure.

scholarly journals Esthetic Perception of the Smile According to Variation of the Vertical Position and the Angulation of the Upper Central Incisor in Three Regions of Peru

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Luis Angel García-Gonzales ◽  
Teresa Angélica Evaristo-Chiyong
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
Lower Score ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Common People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To evaluate the esthetic perception of the smile according to the variation of the vertical position and the angulation of the upper central incisor (UPI) by dental students (DS) and common people (CP) of three regions of Peru. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design. The sample was 462 adults, divided into 77 for each subgroup of DS and CP of the Lima (Coast), Junín (Highlands) and Loreto (Rainforest) regions. Using the Photoshop® software, a photograph of a woman's smile was modified by varying the vertical position and angulation of the UPI, obtaining images that were evaluated using the analog visual scale. Results: The CP rated better than DS in most categories (p <0.001). The smile best valued by DS in a vertical position was 1mm and 2mm; and for angulation 0°, while for CP 1mm and 0° respectively (p <0.05). Comparing by regions, the DS of Lima gave the lowest rating for 0 ° with 52.63 and those of Junín the highest for 4° with 45.90. The PC of Loreto registered the lowest score for the vertical position categories (p <0.001), while for angulation in Junín it was rated with a lower score than in Loreto for -6 ° and 0 °; and for 4° Lima provided the lowest rating (p <0.001). Conclusions: The esthetic perception of the smile is affected by the variation of vertical position and angulation of the ICS in common people and dental students in the three regions of Peru.

scholarly journals Determinants of Injury Incidents in the Productive Aged Groups in Central Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sea Septiana ◽  
◽  
Ira Marti Ayu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Keywords Injury

ABSTRACT Background: Based on RISKESDAS data from 2007, 2013, and 2018, the prevalence of injuries in Indonesia had increased from 7.5%, 8.2%, and 9.2% respectively. In 2018, the proportion of injuries ranked 12th place in morbidity in Indonesia with the highest cases in Central Sulawesi Province (13.8%). This study aimed to determine of injury inci­dents in the productive aged groups in Central Sulawesi. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional design conducted in Central Sulawesi from October 2019 to January 2020. A total of 1,323 reproductive-aged household mem­bers was selected by random sampling method. The dependent variable was the incident of injury. The independent variables were age, gender, level of education, employment status, and nutritional status. The data were collected from secondary data of basic health research data in 2018 with household dan individual questionnaires. Bivariate analysis was performed by chi-square method. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that the incidence of injury among the productive aged groups increased with age (OR= 1.50; 95% CI= 1.10 to 2.05; p= 0.021), gender (OR= 1.29; 95% CI= 1.03 to 1.62; p=0.030), level of education (OR= 2.01; 95% CI= 1.14 to 3.56; p= 0.010), employment status (OR= 1.86; 95% CI= 1.19 to 2.90; p= 0.005), and nutritional status (OR= 0.77; 95% CI= 0.55 to 1.07; p= 0.033). Conclusion: The incidence of injury among the productive aged groups increases with age, gender, level of education, employment status, and nutritional status. Keywords: injury, incidents, determinants, productive age Correspondence: Sea Septiana. Universitas Esa Unggul. Jl. Arjuna Utara No. 9, Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta, 11510. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628978233316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.30

High Neighborhood Walkability Mitigates Declines in Middle-to-Older Aged Adults’ Walking for Transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Shimura ◽  
Takemi Sugiyama ◽  
Elisabeth Winkler ◽  
Neville Owen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Multilevel Linear Regression

Background:Neighborhood walkability shows significant positive relationship with residents’ walking for transport in cross-sectional studies. We examined prospective relationships of neighborhood walkability with the change in walking behaviors over 4 years among middle-to-older aged adults (50–65 years) residing in Adelaide, Australia.Methods:A baseline survey was conducted during 2003–2004, and a follow-up survey during 2007–2008. Walking for transport and walking for recreation were assessed at both times among 504 adults aged 50–65 years living in objectively determined high- and low-walkable neighborhoods. Multilevel linear regression analyses examined the associations of neighborhood walkability with changes over 4 years in walking for transport and walking for recreation.Results:On average, participants decreased their time spent in walking for transport (–4.1 min/day) and for recreation (–3.7 min/day) between the baseline and 4-year follow-up. However, those living in high-walkable neighborhoods showed significantly smaller reduction (adjusted mean change: –1.1 min/day) in their time spent in walking for transport than did those living in low-walkable neighborhoods (–6.7 min/day). No such statistically-significant differences were found with the changes in walking for recreation.Conclusions:High-walkable neighborhoods may help middle-to-older aged adults to maintain their walking for transport.

Gender equality in politics at home and promotion of gender equality in politics abroad: The role of bilateral official development assistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Mi Yung Yoon ◽  
Chungshik Moon
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Does gender equality in politics in donor countries affect the allocation to recipient countries of official development assistance in support of gender equality in politics? Since the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the launch of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in 2000, gender equality has been underscored as an important development goal for donors. We hypothesize that donors with higher levels of gender equality in politics are likely to allocate more aid to recipients with lower levels of gender equality in politics to promote the equality in politics in those countries. We expect this positive relationship to be even more significant after the launch of the Millennium Development Goals. Using a time-series cross-sectional design covering country dyads for the period, 1990–2012, we find evidence supporting our hypotheses.

scholarly journals Personality Characteristics, Psychological Wellbeing and Academic Success among University Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 805-821
Author(s):  
Bamidele Emmanuel Osamika ◽  
Temitope Lawal ◽  
Adenike Esther Osamika ◽  
Arlette J. Vivian Hounhanou ◽  
Mofoluwake Laleye
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Attending university can be very stressful as students have to go through the process of adapting to new educational and social environments; this experience of difficult change affects student’s psychological wellbeing and subsequently their success in academics. This study examines personality characteristics, psychological wellbeing and academic success among Nigerian undergraduates.While cross sectional design and convenient sampling method were employed, 214 undergraduates were sampled. A structured questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic information, personality profile, psychological wellbeing and academic success was administered to the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience had a significant positive relationship with psychological well-being, while agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness had positive relationship with academic success; meanwhile, neuroticism had negative relationship with academic success. Furthermore on a regression model, personality characteristics did not independently but jointly predicted psychological wellbeing. Meanwhile personality characteristics independently and jointly predicted academic success. The study conclude that student’s personality characteristics are important for sound psychological wellbeing and effective academic success among Nigerian undergraduates

scholarly journals Peningkatan pengetahuan pada masyarakat tentang konstruksi sumur gali dan bak penampungan limbah serta jarak yang aman terhadap sumber pencemar

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Darmiati Darmiati ◽  
Nilawati Nilawati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Question Item ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Dug Well

Background: The use of mercury material has developed very broadly, and one of them is in the gold mining process which is carried out in the gold extraction process. The activity is carried out in the yard of the house and adjacent to the dug well, this can cause pollution in the soil and dug well water. Problems that arise due to exposure to Mercury are gastrointestinal disorders, kidney damage, nerve damage, disability in the fetus, while in children will reduce cognitive abilities and thinking, memory, attention, language mastery, fine motor skills and visual.Objectives: The purpose of this community service is to increase community knowledge about the construction of dug wells and waste collection tanks as well as a safe distance to pollutants in the traditional gold mining.Method:  The study used a cross-sectional design, involving subjects in 30 community groups. Data collection using a questionnaire and conducted interviews. Analysis of research data is only done univariately.Results: The results of the evaluation of the activity revealed that there was an increase in public knowledge of the conditions for the construction of dug wells, waste collection basins and diseases caused by mercury exposure directly or indirectly on the human body (able to answer questions correctly more than 20% on each question item).Conclusion: Most people begin to understand that the danger of mercury does not only occur in the skin, but can affect the entire organ system and permanent nervous system damage.

scholarly journals Hubungan Karakteristik dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Perawat dengan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Layanan Spiritual Pasien Rawat Inap

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Nur Herawati ◽  
Emma Rachmawati ◽  
Mouhamad Bigwanto
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Nurses in meeting spiritual service needs in patients are influenced by one of the factors namely spiritual intelligence. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between characteristics and nurse's spiritual intelligence by fulfilling the inpatient spiritual service needs in Banten Hospital in 2019. The study was conducted in Banten General Hospital in July-August 2019. This research was quantitative with a cross-sectional design by using a questionnaire as a primary data and using Chi-square test as the data analysis. The sample used all nurses in population with total sampling to 71 nurses. The results showed that respondents who fulfilled the needs of spiritual services were not as good as 37 respondents (52.1%). Bivariate results showed variables related to meeting spiritual service needs, namely the level of education (p value = 0.039), length of work (p value =0.042), and nurse spiritual intelligence (p value =0.022). Based on the results of this study it is suggested that there is a need for assistance or special mentors conducted by senior nurses to junior nurses (length of work ≤ 4 years). Because the results of this research prove that nurses who have a new length of work who have the opportunity to meet the needs of spiritual services are not good for patients. Keywords : Nurses, Spiritual Intelligence, Spiritual Service Needs.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN EMPATI PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI ANGKATAN 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry C. Warokka ◽  
Taufiq F. Pasiak ◽  
Djon Wongkar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Quantitative Calculations

Abstract: Empathy is an important factor to support a positive relationship between physician and patient. Medical students as candidates for physician should have a good empathy. The lack of study and literature that discusses students empathy in North Sulawesi made researchers aimed to see an overview of empathy in medical students batch 2010 of Sam Ratulangi University.This study is a quantitative descriptive. The data were collected using a cross sectional design. The questionnaires was completed by 75 medical students at University of Sam Ratulangi who active on duty as co-assistant at RSUP Prof. dr. R.D Kandou. This study showed empathy scores of medical students high (66%), moderate (33%), and low (1%). Results of average scores of empathy women is higher than men. High empathy based on quantitative calculations do not mean to have a good empathy. Study with questionnaires more specific for medical students, qualitative study on patients, and method of longitudinal study, researchers suggested that can assess the quality of empathy for the co-assistant.Keywords: emphaty, medical student, co-assistantAbstrak: Empati merupakan faktor yang penting untuk menunjang terjalinnya hubungan yang positif antara tenaga medis dan pasien. Mahasiswa kedokteran sebagai calon tenaga medis seharusnya memiliki empati yang baik. Minimnya penelitian dan sumber literatur yang membahas empati pada mahasiswa di Sulawesi Utara membuat peneliti bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran empati pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Angket skala empati diisi oleh 75 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi yang sedang aktif menjalankan tugas sebagai co-assistant di Rumah Sakit Umum Pendidikan Prof. dr. R.D Kandou. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil empati tinggi (66%), sedang (33%), rendah (1%). Hasil skor rata-rata empati perempuan lebih tinggi dari pada laki-laki. Empati yang tinggi berdasarkan perhitungan kuantitatif belum sepenuhnya berarti memiliki empati yang baik. Penelitian dengan alat ukur yang lebih spesifik, penelitian secara kualitatif terhadap pasien, serta penelitian dengan metode longitudinal disarankan peneliti agar dapat menilai kualitas empati para co-assistant.Kata kunci: empati, mahasiswa kedokteran, co-assistant

scholarly journals Gambaran Kasus Stunting Pada 10 Desa Di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Liestiana Indriyati ◽  
Juhairiyah ◽  
Budi Hairani ◽  
Deni Fakhrizal
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in infants due to chronic malnutrition so that the child is considered too short for his age, and it causes the level of intelligence not optimal, more susceptible to disease, and reduce productivity. Based on data from the Department of Health, stunting cases in the Tanah Bumbu regency are  4% out of 19,823 infants and toddlers who visit posyandu. This study uses a cross-sectional design, and data sources obtained from the Health Office, which includes re-measuring infants, interviews with toddler parents and environmental observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods through SPSS program. Based on remeasurements of stunting, there were 36 children considered normal, this was all due because of an errors in recording the date of birth and errors in length/height measurements. Risk factors that trigger stunting based on the observation were the level of education and occupation of parents, the age of the mother at marriage, sex, consumption of blood-added tablets during pregnancy, birth weight and length, exclusive breastfeeding, economic status, parental height and history of infectious diseases. Measurement errors in infants cause stunting rates in Tanah Bumbu District to be higher than they should be. Thus, to overcome this problem, it can be done by training posyandu cadres and using standard anthropometric tools. Keywords: Stunting, Risk Factor, Toddler Measurement  Abstrak Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya, menyebabkan tingkat kecerdasan tidak maksimal, lebih rentan penyakit dan menurunkan produktivitas. Berdasarkan data di dinas kesehatan kasus stunting di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu sebesar 4% dari 19.823 bayi dan balita yang datang ke posyandu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, sumber data di dapat dari dinas kesehatan, pengukuran ulang balita, wawancara kepada orang tua balita dan pengamatan lingkungan. Data yang didapat kemudian dilakukan analisis menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan pengukuran ulang pada balita terduga stunting ditemukan 36 balita dalam kondisi normal, hal ini disebabkan peningkatan tinggi badan, kesalahan pencatatan tanggal lahir dan kesalahan pengukuran panjang/tinggi badan. Faktor risiko pencetus stunting, yaitu tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan orang tua, usia ibu saat menikah, jenis kelamin, konsumsi tablet tambah darah selama kehamilan, berat dan panjang badan lahir, pemberian ASI eksklusif, status ekonomi, tinggi badan orangtua dan riwayat penyakit infeksi. Kesalahan pengukuran pada balita menyebabkan angka stunting di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu lebih tinggi dari yang seharusnya, sehingga untuk mengatasi hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan kepada kader posyandu dan penggunaan alat antropometri yang standar Kata Kunci: Stunting, Faktor Risiko, Pengukuran Balita

scholarly journals Status kebersihan gigi dan mulut berdasarkan cara menyikat gigi dengan teknik kombinasi pada anak kidal dan non-kidal

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novany Lumempouw ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Kustina Zuliari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Abstract: During the developmental stage, children begin to do a variety of activities including tooth brushing. Generally, children use their right hands dominantly to do their activities (right-handed), however, there are also children who use their left hands (left-handed) dominantly. This study was aimed to assess the oral hygiene status based on tooth brushing with a combination technique among left-handed and right-handed children. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Population study consisted of left-handed and right-handed children at Kalawat, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi province. Respondents were 60 children consisted of 30 left-handed children and 30 right-handed children obtained by using the purposive sampling method. Data were obtained by using checking form of oral hygiene status. The results showed that oral hygiene status of most left-handed and right-handed children was in good category. The average of OHI-S score of the left-handed children before tooth brushing was 0.7 and after tooth brushing was 0.3, whereas, of the right-handed children, the average of OHI-S score before tooth brushing was 0.6 and after tooth brushing was 0.2. Conclusion: Oral hygiene status of right-handed children who brushed their teeth with a combination technique was better than of the left-handed children. Keywords: oral hygiene status, left-handed children, right-handed children, tooth brushing, combination techniqueAbstrak: Seiring berjalannya tahap perkembangan, anak-anak mulai melakukan aktivitas termasuk menyikat gigi. Umumnya anak dominan melakukan aktivitas menggunakan tangan kanan (non-kidal) tetapi ada juga yang dominan melakukan aktivitas menggunakan tangan kiri (kidal). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut nerdasrkan cara menyikat gigi dengan teknik kombinasi pada anak kidal dan non-kidal. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ialah anak kidal dan non-kidal di Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jumlah responden sebanyak 60 orang anak terdiri dari 30 anak kidal dan 30 anak non-kidal diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan formulir pemeriksaan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada anak kidal dan anak non-kidal sebagian besar memiliki kategori baik. Rerata skor OHI-S anak kidal sebelum menyikat gigi yaitu 0,7 dan sesudah menyikat gigi 0,3 sedangkan pada anak non-kidal rerata skor OHI-S sebelum menyikat gigi 0,6 dan sesudah menyikat gigi 0,2. Simpulan: Status kebersihan gigi dan mulut berdasarkan cara menyikat gigi menggunakan teknik kombinasi pada anak non-kidal lebih baik dibandingkan pada anak kidal.Kata kunci: status kebersihan gigi dan mulut, anak kidal, anak non-kidal, menyikat gigi teknik kombinasi.

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