SMAART RAPID Tracker: A Global Policy Informatics tool to track COVID-19 outbreak (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Joshi ◽  
Zoe Heisler ◽  
Srishti Arora ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Kamalpreet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Aid ◽  
State Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Informatics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Visualizations

UNSTRUCTURED In the wake of COVID-19 there has been a large increase of data being generated globally. Basic elements of data, such as incidence, prevalence, and mortality, have already been aggregated to form various dashboard illustrating the spread of COVID-19 across the world. However, it is important to consider not only the rate and trajectory of the virus’s proliferation, but how various countries have responded to the outbreak and the effects of their responses. The SMAART RAPID Tracker integrates information about spread and fatality rates of the disease, but displays them alongside the policies countries have taken in response to the disease. The RAPID Tracker provides comprehensible data visualizations to empower any users to understand the scope of the disease and the different strategies countries are taking. These visualizations are further utilized to highlight insights on a country or state level and allow users to directly compare countries or states. Finally, the RAPID Tracker provides a list of reliable and accurate resources for users to learn more about COVID-19 and how to protect themselves. Policy makers and government agencies can utilize the dashboard as a decision-aid tool to assess the impact of the policies on COVID-19 outbreak to make evidence-based decisions. Especially during a time when testing is scarce and vaccines and treatments are unavailable, it is crucial that policymakers and citizens of the world have access to accurate and meaningful information to inform their behaviors.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Fine Optimality

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Spyros Niavis ◽  
Dimitris Kallioras ◽  
George Vlontzos ◽  
Marie-Noelle Duquenne
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Reasoning ◽  
The Impact

The first stream of economic studies on public policy responses during the COVID-19 pandemic focused on the stringency, the effectiveness, and the impact of the countries’ interventions and paid rather little attention to the corresponding means used to support them. The present paper scrutinizes the lockdown measures and, particularly, examines the optimality of the lockdown fines imposed by countries worldwide towards ensuring citizens’ compliance. Initially, a triad of fine stringency indicators are compiled, and the stringency of fines is evaluated in a comparative context, among the countries considered. Consequently, the fine stringency is incorporated into a regression analysis with various epidemiological, socioeconomic, and policy factors to reveal any drivers of fine variability. Finally, theoretical approaches behind fine optimality are capitalized and real data are used towards estimating the optimal fine for each country considered. The objectives of the paper are, first, to check for any drivers of fine stringency around the world and, second, to develop and test a formula that could be used in order to assist policy makers to formulate evidence-based fines for confronting the pandemic. The findings of the paper highlight that fines do not seem to have been imposed with any sound economic reasoning and the majority of countries considered imposed larger real fines, compared to the optimal ones, to support the lockdowns. The paper stresses the need for the imposition of science-based fines that reflect the social cost of non-compliance with the lockdown measures.

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

The Impact of the Women's Decade on Policies, Programs and Empowerment of Women in Kenya

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Maria Nzomo
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Women In Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Organizations

The 1985 Nairobi Conference to close the United Nations decade dedicated to women of the world caught Kenyan women (and men) by storm. Indeed, the majority of Kenyan women did not know, until the eve of this conference, that there had been an entire decade dedicated to them, and committed to the achievement of Equality, Development, and Peace. However, the Kenyan policy makers and the enlightened among Kenyan women, especially leaders of women's organizations, were not only fully aware of the decade's developments, but had in various ways participated and contributed to it. On its part, the Kenya government by the end of the decade, had adopted a Women in Development (WID) policy position and created and/or promoted national machineries to develop and coordinate programs for women.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

Exploring E-governance Service Delivery Dimensions: A Study of Registrar of Companies

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-566
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Harpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Level ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Government Project ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

E-governance is becoming a phenomenon that is catching the attention of government as well as the citizens across the world. Lately, the governments of almost all the countries of the world made huge investments in implementation of e-government projects including India. There have been a number of centre- and state-level projects launched in the recent years. Hence, it becomes all the more important to assess the impact and viability of such projects. A number of studies have been undertaken in this area. It is observed that most of the studies in this field have focused on exploring e-governance service delivery dimensions in government-to-citizen (G2C) context; however, a few studies are carried out in government-to-business (G2B) context. Hence, the present study is an attempt to bridge this gap. The study aims to explore e-governance service delivery dimensions as perceived by the employees of Registrar of Companies (ROC), North Region. Ninety employees of ROCs were surveyed to know about their perception about the pioneer e-government project named Ministry of Corporate Affairs of 21st Century (MCA21) launched in 2006. Results of the study identified four dimensions as perceived important by the employees. To improve the services provided by the employees to the users, it would be useful to be aware of these dimensions in the future.

scholarly journals Communicating Evidence-Based Information on Cancer Prevention to State-Level Policy Makers

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Dodson ◽  
Katherine A. Stamatakis ◽  
Christopher M. Casey ◽  
Michael B. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
State Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers

Diffusion of crisis signals across the world: evidence from subprime crisis of 2008-2009

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sruthi Rajan ◽  
Shijin Santhakumar
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The innovations in fundamentals coupled with noise traders induce co-movement in diverse markets. This co-movement in equity markets which is evidenced higher during the turmoil period influences economic fundamentals of a country dissimilar in nature. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether economic fundamentals or investors’ behavior attributable to disturbances across the world are the rationale behind the crisis transmission, and thereby distinguish fundamental-based contagion from investor-induced contagion. Design/methodology/approach Initially, the study investigates the role of macroeconomic fundamentals and stock returns on crisis occurrence using panel probit estimates. Additionally, ordinary least squares estimates controlling the influence of fundamentals on domestic return capture the discrete country effect measuring the influence of domestic as well as foreign economic fundamentals along with foreign returns on the domestic stock index. Findings The empirical results reveal that foreign country stock index returns are having a significant influence on domestic returns besides a prominent role in crisis occurrence. The binary probit model confirmed the influence of both macroeconomic factors and foreign returns in crisis occurrence. The OLS estimates found evidence for investor-induced contagion in the crisis period where the effects of economic fundamentals are small in comparison to foreign market returns that are mainly dominant in pre- and post-crisis period. Research limitations/implications The propagation of crisis from one market to other would enable the policy makers to make clear regulations at right time to control for the crisis in future. The results can help the policy makers as well as investors in reducing the impact of the crisis in future by clearly monitoring the behavior of the factors under study. Originality/value The current study addresses the role of macro fundamentals and investors influence in crisis propagation. Adopting subprime crisis of 2008-2009 as a reference point and separating the sample period into pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis period, the study explains how badly the other 30 markets impacted the crisis that emerged in the USA.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ITS IMPACT ON THE EXISTENCE OF BUSINESS ACTORS IN TRADITIONAL MARKETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Syamsul Syamsul ◽  
Siti Masyita
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova

Currently, the World is hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of this pandemic, is not only life threatening, but also has an economic downturn that is evenly distributed in almost all countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the existence of business actors in traditional markets. The polls and samples of this study were chicken and egg traders at Manonda Central Market, Palu. Primary data was obtained through distributing questionnaires to research respondents. Based on the results of descriptive analysis and test one-way anova, it was found that there were differences in profit, sales turnover, and the number of buyers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic threatens the existence of business actors in traditional markets. This research is useful for policy makers in maintaining the existence of business actors during the current COVID-19 pandemic

scholarly journals Impact of Apoidea (Hymenoptera) on the World’s Food Production and Diets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Lorenzo-Felipe ◽  
Carlos A Blanco ◽  
Miguel Corona
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
State Level ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bees and some wasp species of the superfamily Apoidea pollinate most of the crops used for food and feed, producing different impacts on agricultural production. Despite the considerable importance of Apoidea, the relevance of this group’s impact on global crop production and human diets is controversial. To measure the pollination effect of these insects on crop production, factors such as the myriad of agricultural practices, different crop varieties, fluctuating pollinators’ densities, constantly changing environmental conditions, and demands for food items in a diverse diets must be considered. An ‘Apoidea impact factor’ (AIF), a value calculated taking into consideration the effect of this superfamily on enhancing crop production through pollination, the diversity of crops in a given area, the area planted by specific crops, and agricultural output, was calculated for 176 agricultural crops. Consistently with previous estimations, our results show that Apoidea have a direct impact on 66% of the 128 most important agricultural crops consumed in the world. However, the analysis of the impact of Apoidea on global production and human consumption revealed a different perspective: Apoidea pollination affects only 16% of the total tonnage output, 14% of the cultivated area, and 9% of the kilocalories consumed. Because 25 of the most cultivated crops in the world do not require, or are slightly affected by Apoidea pollination, and these plants grow in 84% of the world’s cropland, constituting 50% of the world’s diet, and 89% of the kilocalories consumed by peoples around of the world, the AIF at the world level is reduced to 11% of food consumed, and 6% of the kilocalories. The AIF, when applied to a small geographical scale, for example, the municipality or county level rather than country or state level, becomes more useful identifying areas where bees and wasps have greater impact in agriculture. In this report, we update the widely popular quote ‘One out of every three bites of food we eat is a result of pollinators like honey bees’ to a more accurate one: ‘nearly 5% of the food we eat, and about 10% of the calories we burn have a direct relationship with Apoidea pollination’. This new estimate does not diminish the need for pollinators for many of the world’s most nutritious foods, but merely suggests that these foods do not provide an extensive part of the human diet. The AIF can be used to identify specific areas where these pollinators have greater impact and direct conservation efforts directly into them. This approach can serve as a better estimate of the role of these pollinators in our food, using data-driven arguments.

The Impact of Tax and Expenditure Limitations on Municipal Revenue Volatility

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tucker C. Staley
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tax And Expenditure Limitations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Expenditure Limitations ◽  
Revenue Volatility ◽  
Stringency Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Stable revenue flows are paramount for policy makers at all levels of government in order to effectively and efficiently provide goods and services to constituents. This work examines the relationship between tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) and municipal revenue volatility. The current literature suggests that more stringently binding TELs at the state level are associated with greater levels of revenue volatility. This work tests whether this finding extends to the local level of government as well. Examining ninety-nine municipalities over eight years (2004–2011), this work provides evidence that the stringency level of TELs is associated with reduced fluctuations in municipal revenue streams.

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