Egoistic or Prosocial? - An Online Experiment on Digital Nudges for Voluntary Data Donation by Health Self-Trackers (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Pilgrim ◽  
Sabine Bohnet-Joschko
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Health Related

BACKGROUND Health self-tracking is perceived as evidence-based approach to optimize health and well-being for personal self-improvement by lifestyle changes. At the same time user-generated health-related data can be of particular value for (health care) research. As longitudinal data, they can provide evidence for developing better and new medications, diagnosing rare diseases faster, or treating chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE The paper strives to expand the body of knowledge on influential motives of a voluntary data donation among German health self-trackers. At the same time, the study adds to the research on the effectiveness of digital nudges among health self-trackers. METHODS A digital experiment was implemented in an online questionnaire via graphical manipulation of the tracking app Runtastics’ interface. 5 independent groups were each questioned about the likelihood of donating their tracked data for research. We employed 4 different digital forced-choice nudges generated from literature on motives for self-tracking, for data donation and data sharing. Thus, the 4 test groups each received a quid pro quo, including two different egoistic, one pseudo-prosocial, and one prosocial benefit, while the control group received no benefit for data donation. RESULTS A sample of N=919 was generated with 68% women and 32% men. The 5 test groups are evenly divided by about 20%. A statistical group comparison shows that men are significantly more likely (P=.037) with a small effect size (r=.21) to donate their self-tracked data for research if a prosocial added value is offered (in this case: making a contribution to society) compared to the control group without countervalue. Selfish or pseudo-prosocial countervalues had no significant effect on willingness to donate health data. CONCLUSIONS While surveys regularly reveal an 80 to 95% willingness to donate data on average in the population, our results show that only 41% of health self-trackers would donate their self-collected health data to research. While selfish motives do not significantly influence willingness to donate, linking data donation to added societal value could increase the likelihood to donate among male self-trackers significantly by 15.5%. Thus, prosocial motives promote willingness to donate data among health self-trackers and should be emphasized in campaign designs for health data donation. The implementation of forced-choice framing nudged within tracking apps presented in a pop-up window can add to the accessibility of user-generated health-related data for research.

Understanding Data Collection Mechanisms Used by Health and Wellness Applications (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Philip ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrazek ◽  
Alessio Bonti ◽  
Scott Barnett ◽  
John Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Medical Apps ◽  
App Development ◽  
Health Related

UNSTRUCTURED Our objective is to better understand health-related data collection across different mHealth app categories. This would help in developing a health domain model for mHealth apps to facilitate app development and data sharing between these apps to improve user experience and reduce redundancy in data collection. We identified app categories listed in a curated library which was then used to explore the Google Play Store for health/medical apps that were then filtered using our inclusion criteria. We downloaded and analysed these apps using a script we developed around the popular AndroGuard tool. We analysed the use of Bluetooth peripherals and built-in sensors to understand how a given app collects/generates health data. We retrieved 3,251 applications meeting our criteria, and our analysis showed that only 10.7% of these apps requested permission for Bluetooth access. We found 50.9% of the Bluetooth Service UUIDs to be known in these apps, with the remainder being vendor specific. The most common health-related services using the known UUIDs were Heart Rate, Glucose and Body Composition. App permissions show the most used device module/sensor to be the camera (20.57%), closely followed by GPS (18.39%). Our findings are consistent with previous studies in that not many health apps were found to use built-in sensors or peripherals for collecting health data. The use of more peripherals and automated data collection along with integration with other apps could increase usability and convenience which would eventually also improve user experience and data reliability.

scholarly journals All Our Data Will Be Health Data One Day: The Need for Universal Data Protection and Comprehensive Consent

10.2196/16879 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e16879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Olivier Schneble ◽  
Bernice Simone Elger ◽  
David Martin Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Behavior Health

Tremendous growth in the types of data that are collected and their interlinkage are enabling more predictions of individuals’ behavior, health status, and diseases. Legislation in many countries treats health-related data as a special sensitive kind of data. Today’s massive linkage of data, however, could transform “nonhealth” data into sensitive health data. In this paper, we argue that the notion of health data should be broadened and should also take into account past and future health data and indirect, inferred, and invisible health data. We also lay out the ethical and legal implications of our model.

scholarly journals Improvements in Pain, Well-being, Arterial Pressure, and Lower Limb Volume Following Andullation Therapy in Healthy and Unhealthy Humans

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932581984083
Author(s):  
Alba Parras-Moltó ◽  
Juan Ribas-Serna
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Limb Volume ◽  
Random Fashion

Our aim was to test the effects of Andullation therapy on pain threshold, pain perception, feeling of well-being, arterial pressure, and leg volume in healthy and unhealthy patients. We used a multidirectional vibration (frequency range: 5–40 Hz; peak-to-peak amplitude: 2–8 mm; acceleration: 0.4–2 m/s2) in an undulatory way through the surface of the body when the patient was in contact with a mattress (“andullation”). The vibes traveled from the heel to the head in a random fashion while the participants (N = 50) were lying on the mattress. We measured the pain threshold using an algometer; pain perception and well-being through a visual analog scale (VAS); arterial pressure with an electronic sphygmomanometer; and leg volume with Kuhnke’s technique. Measurements were made just before the first andullation session and after the fifth andullation session. Every participant received andullation sessions of 30 min a day for 5 consecutive days. The patients’ pain threshold significantly ( P < .001) increased by 34.48% and 25.79% in the lumbar and trapezius zones, respectively, after 5 sessions of therapy. The subjective perception of pain decreased by 52.3% and the feeling of well-being increased by 45.1%. The systolic and diastolic pressures significantly ( P < .001) decreased by 6.44 and 4.68 mm Hg on average, respectively. Leg volume significantly decreased ( P < .01) by 64.39 mL after the fifth andullation session. Despite not including a control group in our study, the andullation intervention showed an improvement in pain, well-being, arterial pressure, and lower limb volume in the studied population.

scholarly journals Self-Tracking Health Over Time: From the Use of Instagram to Perform Optimal Health to the Protective Shield of the Digital Detox

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512094069
Author(s):  
Rachael Kent
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Over Time

Instagram and self-tracking technologies enable multiple ways to perform and represent the body and health. No research has yet explored how self-tracking technologies and self-representations of health identity on social media, in particular Instagram, influence health “sharing” online and individual health management offline. To enable a thorough investigation of how self-tracking mediations of identity construction work in practice, through a textual and thematic analysis of empirical ethnographic data from online content, reflexive diaries and semi-structured interviews with 14 participants, this research examines the use of these converged technologies to share health-related data on Instagram in the performance of optimal health identities. Participants identified pressures that arose from this continual performative identity of being a healthy role model under persistent self- and community surveillance, which also led to the development of powerful compulsions to use these technologies to document and share many aspects of health and lifestyle. Over time, the participants attempted to disengage and detox either temporarily or permanently from Instagram, to enable a protective shield from the pervasive, normalized surveillance and community practices. Most interestingly, even when they removed these technologies and platforms from their daily lives, participants still felt neglectful to their devices, to themselves, and to their communities online in their abstinence and resistance to perform optimal health practices.

Health Benefits of Cobblestone-Mat Walking: Preliminary Findings

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Li ◽  
Peter Harmer ◽  
Nicole L. Wilson ◽  
K. John Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Reduction ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Related

This study examined the effect of cobblestone-mat walking on health-related outcomes in older adults. Participants (mean age 72.6,N=40) were randomized into either an 8-week cobblestone-mat walking activity (n= 22) or a control group (n= 18). Cobblestone-mat walking entailed three 45-min sessions per week. Primary outcomes included SF-12 (mental, physical), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), psychophysical well-being, daytime sleepiness, and pain. Secondary outcomes included resting blood pressure and perceived control of falls. The walkers experienced significantly improved SF-12 scores, IADLs, and psychophysical well-being and significantly reduced daytime sleepiness and pain. They also reported significantly improved perceptions of control over falls. A significant between-groups difference in resting diastolic blood pressure was observed, with reductions in the walkers. A significant within-group reduction in systolic blood pressure was observed in the walkers only. The data indicate that cobblestone-mat walking can significantly improve health-related outcomes in older adults.

Participation in daily life of people with schizophrenia in comparison to the general population

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Lipskaya-Velikovsky ◽  
Tal Jarus ◽  
Adam Easterbrook ◽  
Moshe Kotler
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Community Based Services ◽  
Similar Intensity ◽  
Age And Sex

Background. Participation in occupations is a basic human right. Although people with schizophrenia commonly experience restrictions in participation, there is a paucity of research in this area. Purpose. This study aimed to compare the participation patterns of people with schizophrenia to people without mental illness (control group). Method. A total of 140 people of similar age and sex completed the Adults Subjective Assessment of Participation and provided demographic and health-related data. Findings. People with schizophrenia tend to participate in fewer activities and to participate alone. However, they participate with similar intensity as those in the control group. Implications. The participation patterns of people with schizophrenia are both unique and similar to those of the general population. The differences in participation raise concerns due to signs of restriction and social exclusion. However, it appears that people with schizophrenia benefit from occupation and community-based services that promote and support participation with others in diverse activities.

Can Aerobic Exercise Training Affect Health-Related Quality of Life for People with Multiple Sclerosis?

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Sutherland ◽  
Mark B. Andersen ◽  
Mark A. Stoové
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often advised not to participate in vigorous exercise. Leading a relatively sedentary life, however, may exacerbate the debilitating effects of MS. In this study, 22 people participated in either a no-special-activity group (n = 11) or an experimental group (n = 11) that involved water aerobics three times a week for 10 weeks. Measures taken included scales for health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological well-being. ANCOVAs using social support and the appropriate pretest scores as covariates revealed that after the intervention, the exercise group had more energy and vigor (extremely large effect sizes). Other very large effects were found in the exercise group, which had better social and sexual functioning and less bodily pain and fatigue than the control group. Future research should involve long-term studies to determine whether exercise not only improves quality of life but also helps slow the progression of disease.

Effectiveness study of “occupational connections” – A short-term, in-patient intervention for promotion functioning and participation in daily life of people with mental health conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S380-S381
Author(s):  
L. Lipskaya-Velikovsky ◽  
T. Krupa ◽  
M. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

ObjectivesMental health conditions (MHC) have been associated with restrictions in daily life participation and functioning affecting health and well-being. Substantial numbers of people with MHC experience hospitalizations, however, there is limited evidence supporting functional interventions in the in-patient setting to promote recovery. The OC is an intervention implemented during sub-acute hospitalization, which attempts to promote activity and participation of people with MHC, both during the in-patient stay and upon return to the community, with a view to enabling recovery. To facilitate its implementation, we investigate the OC effectiveness.AimsInvestigate the OC contribution to cognition, symptoms and functional capacity among inpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis is a quasi-experimental, prospective, pre/post-designed study with convenience sampling. Inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled into the study group participating in the OC intervention (n = 16); or the control group participating in hospital treatment as usual (n = 17). The study participants completed evaluations at baseline and at discharge or after 10 weeks with: Neurocognitive State Examination, Trail Making Test, Ray Complex Figure, and Category Fluency Test for aspects of cognition; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for symptoms severity, and Observed Tasks of Daily Living-Revised for functional capacity.ResultsStatistically significant improvement in cognitive functioning, symptoms severity and functional capacity was found in the study group after the intervention. These changes were not observed in the control group.ConclusionThe results support the OC effectiveness for cognitive and functional capacity improvement and symptomology relief. The findings advance the body of evidence for functional interventions in hospital settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A SPORTS-SPECIFIC APPROACH IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH HEALTH-RELATED ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
L Parfenova ◽  
G Glazkova ◽  
E Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim. The article deals with the evaluation of experimental methods in the physical education of students with different nosologies based on a sports-specific approach. Materials and methods. The study involved 90 secondary school students (grades 5–6) with health-related issues. In the experimental group (EG, n = 45), training sessions were conducted according to the deve­loped program that included volleyball and Russian lapta elements. In the control group (CG, n = 45), students were engaged in traditional activities for students of the special medical group (SMG). During the experiment, physical development, functional status, adaptive abilities, physical fitness, and physical education competencies were evaluated. Results. At the end of the experiment, the students of the experimental group showed a significant increase in the functional capacity of the body. The Shapovalova Index in EG improved by 8.90–21.70%, in CG – by 0.20–7.80%; the Ruffier Index in EG improved by 21.30–29.10%, in CG – by up to 7.80%. Moreover, students in EG had a more significant development of strength and coordination abi­lities than in CG. Conclusion. The experimental technique in physical education of secondary school students contributed to the development of physical abilities, health, and physical education competencies in participants.

scholarly journals Accelerating Health Data Sharing: A Solution Based on the Internet of Things and Distributed Ledger Technologies (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
Shengjing Sun ◽  
Raghava Rao Mukkamala ◽  
Ravi Vatrapu ◽  
Joaquín Ordieres-Meré
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Health Related

BACKGROUND Huge amounts of health-related data are generated every moment with the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable technologies. These big health data contain great value and can bring benefit to all stakeholders in the health care ecosystem. Currently, most of these data are siloed and fragmented in different health care systems or public and private databases. It prevents the fulfillment of intelligent health care inspired by these big data. Security and privacy concerns and the lack of ensured authenticity trails of data bring even more obstacles to health data sharing. With a decentralized and consensus-driven nature, distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) provide reliable solutions such as blockchain, Ethereum, and IOTA Tangle to facilitate the health care data sharing. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a health-related data sharing system by integrating IoT and DLT to enable secure, fee-less, tamper-resistant, highly-scalable, and granularly-controllable health data exchange, as well as build a prototype and conduct experiments to verify the feasibility of the proposed solution. METHODS The health-related data are generated by 2 types of IoT devices: wearable devices and stationary air quality sensors. The data sharing mechanism is enabled by IOTA’s distributed ledger, the Tangle, which is a directed acyclic graph. Masked Authenticated Messaging (MAM) is adopted to facilitate data communications among different parties. Merkle Hash Tree is used for data encryption and verification. RESULTS A prototype system was built according to the proposed solution. It uses a smartwatch and multiple air sensors as the sensing layer; a smartphone and a single-board computer (Raspberry Pi) as the gateway; and a local server for data publishing. The prototype was applied to the remote diagnosis of tremor disease. The results proved that the solution could enable costless data integrity and flexible access management during data sharing. CONCLUSIONS DLT integrated with IoT technologies could greatly improve the health-related data sharing. The proposed solution based on IOTA Tangle and MAM could overcome many challenges faced by other traditional blockchain-based solutions in terms of cost, efficiency, scalability, and flexibility in data access management. This study also showed the possibility of fully decentralized health data sharing by replacing the local server with edge computing devices.

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