scholarly journals Main causes of complicated COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O.A. Halushko ◽  
O.A. Loskutov ◽  
M.A. Trishchynska ◽  
I.A. Kuchynska ◽  
M.V. Boliuk
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
The Impact

Background. Since December 2019, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been marching confidently and aggressively across the planet. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Among the risk factors for the development and severe course of COVID-19, there are old age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, recently, based on the epidemiological data obtained, diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a risk factor for infection with SARS-CoV-2, but the presence of concomitant diabetes is associated with a more severe course of COVID-19 and deterioration in treatment outcomes. What is the reason for the complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus? The need to answer this question led to the conduction of this study. The purpose was to determine the causes of complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. We searched for publications using the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar by keywords: COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, complications. Results. The review of the scientific literature considers the main causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Groups of factors that worsen the course of the diseases have been identified, and it has been proven that current treatment of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus should take into account all available risk factors and include a multidisciplinary team approach involving specialists in emergency medicine, endocrinology, infectious diseases, respiratory support, nutritional science and rehabilitation. Conclusions. The main causes that worsen the course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus are: 1) features of diabetes itself and the interaction of diabetes and COVID-19; 2) the impact of certain drugs used in the treatment of both diseases; 3) shortcomings in the organization of treatment and care of patients. The main factor that is crucial in the management of these patients is the normalization of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate balance, which must be achieved by all possible means.

scholarly journals Analysis of air pollution exposure in the area of Iasi county – a warning signal for lung health and the risk of developing COPD

Pneumologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Ioana Buculei ◽  
Mona-Elisabeta Dobrin ◽  
Anda Tesloianu ◽  
Cristina Vicol ◽  
Radu-Adrian Crișan Dabija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
World Health ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Air pollution is a major threat to public health, and the effects of pollution are perceived in all countries of the world, by all social categories, regardless of age. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a growing prevalence worldwide and an increasing number of risk factors that exacerbate symptoms and accelerate disease progression. Exposure to air pollution is one of the less studied and less investigated risk factors for COPD. Depending on the size and chemical nature of the pollutant, it can overcome the defence mechanism of the respiratory system and enter the lung tissues, thus causing some respiratory diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that six major air pollutants have been identified, namely particulate matter (PM), ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and lead. The severe impact of PM exposure is demonstrated by the link between exposure to high concentrations of PM and certain severe diseases such as silicosis, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and COPD. In Iași County, Romania, air quality measurements are performed by six automatic air quality monitoring stations, and the data obtained are used to create annual reports and these are also available online. Due to the high concentrations of air pollutants, the city of Iași is one of the three topmost polluted cities in Romania. A future assessment on the impact of air pollution on the health of the inhabitants of these cities and the implementation of new methods to improve air quality is needed.

Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2271-PUB
Author(s):  
ASAKO MIZOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

scholarly journals When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Teny M. John ◽  
Ceena N. Jacob ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Perfect Storm

Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

scholarly journals The malaria burden of Amerindian groups of three Venezuelan states: a descriptive study based on programmatic data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Gabaldón-Figueira ◽  
Carlos Chaccour ◽  
Jorge Moreno ◽  
Maria Villegas ◽  
Leopoldo Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fifty-three percent of all cases of malaria in the Americas in 2019 came from Venezuela, where the epidemic is heavily focused south of the Orinoco river, and where most of the country’s Amerindian groups live. Although the disease is known to represent a significant public health problem among these populations, little epidemiological data exists on the subject. This study aims to provide information on malaria incidence, geospatial clustering, and risk factors associated to Plasmodium falciparum infection among these groups. Methods This is a descriptive study based on the analysis of published and unpublished programmatic data collected by Venezuelan health authorities and non-government organizations between 2014 and 2018. The Annual Parasite Index among indigenous groups (API-i) in municipalities of three states (Amazonas, Bolivar, and Sucre) were calculated and compared using the Kruskal Wallis test, risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection were identified via binomial logistic regression and maps were constructed to identify clusters of malaria cases among indigenous patients via Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s hot spot analysis. Results 116,097 cases of malaria in Amerindian groups were registered during the study period. An increasing trend was observed between 2014 and 2016 but reverted in 2018. Malaria incidence remains higher than in 2014 and hot spots were identified in the three states, although more importantly in the south of Bolivar. Most cases (73.3%) were caused by Plasmodium vivax, but the Hoti, Yanomami, and Eñepa indigenous groups presented higher odds for infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusion Malaria cases among Amerindian populations increased between 2014 and 2018 and seem to have a different geographic distribution than those among the general population. These findings suggest that tailored interventions will be necessary to curb the impact of malaria transmission in these groups.

scholarly journals Lack of association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 gene variants and the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus

2002 ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bluher ◽  
T Klemm ◽  
T Gerike ◽  
H Krankenberg ◽  
G Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Reduced Risk

OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed at high levels in foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions, that PPARgamma agonists may directly modulate vessel wall function and that mutations in the PPARgamma-2 gene are associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. METHODS: We investigated whether known variants in the PPARgamma-2 gene are associated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 365 patients with type 2 diabetes, prospectively characterised for the presence or absence of CHD. The Pro115Gln, Pro12Ala, Pro467Leu, Val290Met mutations and two polymorphisms C478T and C161T of the PPARgamma-2 gene were examined using PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. RESULTS: The distribution of the Pro12Ala, Ala12Ala, C161T and T161T variants was not significantly different between patients with and without CHD, independent of the gender. The Pro12Ala (P=0.011) and the Ala12Ala (P=0.006) variant were associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) compared with the Pro12Pro genotype. A multiple logistic regression analysis introducing the typical risk factors for CHD (age, sex, hypertension, smoking, BMI >26 kg/m2, elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c >7%) identified age >60, male gender, hypertension and a higher BMI, but not the PPARgamma-2 variants, as significant risk factors for CHD in our study groups. CONCLUSION: The PPARgamma-2 genotype was not associated with an increased or reduced risk of the occurrence of CHD and can therefore not be regarded as an independent risk factor for CHD in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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