scholarly journals Chitosan suppresses the expression level of WRKY17 on red chili (Capsicum annuum) plant under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti ◽  
Karlia Meitha ◽  
Fenny Martha Dwivany ◽  
Hany Husnul Chotimah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Generative Phase

Chili pepper plays a significant role in the global market. However, the production is often impeded by drought stress involving WRKY genes as the defense regulator. Chitosan is considered as a promising alternative fertilizer and defense elicitor. Hence, this study aimed to determine the role of chitosan in improving plant growth and survival of red chili pepper against drought stress. At the onset of the generative phase, chili plants were subjected to 1 mg mL‐1 chitosan, 50 percent drought, or chitosan‐drought treatment. Observations were made on several growth parameters, opened stomata, and WRKY gene expression. The results showed that chitosan‐drought treatment decreased plant growth and yielded significantly. The percentage of opened stomata was recorded at 0.56‐fold lower than control. It was followed by the decrease of the relative expression of WRKY17 and WRKY53 genes up to 0.56 and 0.72‐fold lower than control, respectively. Therefore, we suggested that the double treatment of chitosan‐drought might decrease plant growth performance but increase the defense system by suppressing the expression level of the WRKY17 gene. Interestingly, the drought treatment significantly increased WRKY17 expression level up to 7‐fold higher than control. Hence, it was suggested that WRKY17 has a specific role in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Pengaruh kitosan terhadap peningkatan level ekspresi WRKY17 dan WRKY53 tanaman Capsicum annuum cv. Laba pada kondisi kekeringan

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul AZIZ ◽  
Rizkita Rahmi ESYANTI ◽  
Fenny Martha DWIVANNY
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
The Individual

Chitosan is known as the natural plant growth biostimulant and defense elicitor involving WRKY transcription factors in response to environmental stresses. However, either plant’s growth or defense responses against stress are different among the cultivars. In the previous study, chitosan and drought treatment combination on red chili plant cv. Lado resulted in the impeded growth performance followed by the down-regulated expression level of WRKY17. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the response of red chili plant from the different cultivar towards the combination of chitosan and drought treatments. At the onset of the generative phase, plants were subjected to the drought treatment with and without 1 mg mL-1 of chitosan application. Observation of plant growth performance was carried out by measuring plant height, the number of leaves, the conversion percentage of flowers developed to fruits, and the number of harvested fruits, while the molecular parameter was indicated by the analyses of WRKY17 and WRKY53 expression levels. In line with the previous study using cv. Lado, the combination of 1 mg mL-1 of chitosan and drought treatment significantly reduced the plant productivity observed in the number of fruits, followed by the plant height and the number of leaves. However, the expression level of WRKY17 and WRKY53 experienced 10 and 22-fold higher than controls, respectively. This is different from the previous study which showed the reduction of WRKY17 expression level. According to the study, it can be implied that the combination of chitosan and drought treatments on red chili plant cv. Laba could reduce plant growth performance, but increased genetics indicator towards plant’s defense system against stress indicated by the escalation of WRKY17 and WRKY53 expression level. Furthermore, the individual chitosan application are potential to increase the productivity of red chili plant cv. Laba. 

Effects of Nitric Oxide Application on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Pepper Plants under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Fikret YAŞAR ◽  
Özlem ÜZAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the messenger molecule Nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative enzyme (SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; CAT: Catalase; APX: Ascorbate Peroxidase) activities in some metabolic changes that occur under the effect of drought stress in plants, to determine the possible roles of Nitric Oxide and to obtain complementary information. The experiment conducted in a controlled environment, and plant were cultured in containers containing Hoagland nutrient solution. For drought stress application, 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) was added to the nutrient solution, which is equivalent to -0.40 MPa osmotic potential. Before the drought stress is applied, pepper seedlings of Demre cv were pre-treated with different doses of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and Carboxy-PTIO (potassium salt) (cPTIO) (SNP 0.01, SNP 1, SNP 100 and SNP 0.01 + cPTIO, SNP + cPTIO, SNP 100+ cPTIO). On the 10th day of the drought application, the growth parameters of the plants; the plant fresh weights and their Antioxidative Enzyme Activities (SOD, CAT, APX) were determined. In terms of plant growth parameters, both plant growth and antioxidant anzyme activities of plants pretreated with 0.01 and 1 doses of SNP were lower than the high dose of SNP and the PEG application without pretreatment. The reason for the low enzyme activities in these applications can be attributed to factors such as the excess accumulation of organic acids such as proline in the cells of the plants and the decrease in H2O2 and O-2 levels in the presence of SNP.

scholarly journals The Vascular Pathogen Verticillium longisporum Does Not Affect Water Relations and Plant Responses to Drought Stress of Its Host, Brassica napus

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Teshome Lopisso ◽  
Jessica Knüfer ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum

Verticillium longisporum is a host-specific vascular pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) that causes economic crop losses by impairing plant growth and inducing premature senescence. This study investigates whether plant damage through Verticillium stem striping is due to impaired plant water relations, whether V. longisporum affects responses of a susceptible B. napus variety to drought stress, and whether drought stress, in turn, affects plant responses to V. longisporum. Two-factorial experiments on a susceptible cultivar of B. napus infected or noninfected with V. longisporum and exposed to three watering levels (30, 60, and 100% field capacity) revealed that drought stress and V. longisporum impaired plant growth by entirely different mechanisms. Although both stresses similarly affected plant growth parameters (plant height, hypocotyl diameter, and shoot and root dry matter), infection of B. napus with V. longisporum did not affect any drought-related physiological or molecular genetic plant parameters, including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency, relative leaf water content, leaf proline content, or the expression of drought-responsive genes. Thus, this study provides comprehensive physiological and molecular genetic evidence explaining the lack of wilt symptoms in B. napus infected with V. longisporum. Likewise, drought tolerance of B. napus was unaffected by V. longisporum, as was the level of disease by drought conditions, thus excluding a concerted action of both stresses in the field. Although it is evident that drought and vascular infection with V. longisporum impair plant growth by different mechanisms, it remains to be determined by which other factors V. longisporum causes crop loss.

scholarly journals Physiological and proteomic responses to drought stress in leaves of Amygdalus Mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xu ◽  
Guangze Jin ◽  
Fachun Guan ◽  
Qiuxiang Luo ◽  
Fan Juan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Proteomic Responses ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background:Plant development is strongly influenced by various stresses, such as drought and salinity. Drought is a serious threat which can reduce agricultural productivity and obstruct plant growth. Although the mechanism of plants adapted to drought stress has been studied extensively, the adaptive strategies of Amygdalus Mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu grown in drought and re-watered habitats remain undefined. In this paper, A. Mira from the Tibetan Plateau have outstanding environmental, economic, nutritional and medicinal values, and can thrive in extreme drought. Results:This paper investigated physiological and proteomic responses in leaves of A. Mira during the period of drought stress and recovery, to understand their strategies mechanism. The changes of plant growth, photosynthesis, enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant during drought and re-watering were analyzed in leaves. Compared with controls, A. Mira showed stronger adaptive and resistant characteristics to drought stress. Proteomic technique was also be used to study mechanisms of drought tolerance in A. Mira leaves. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Accordingly, 103 proteins involved in 10 functional categories: Cytoskeleton dynamics, Energy metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, Photosynthesis, Transcription and translation, Transport, Stress and defense, Molecular chaperones, Other materials metabolism, and Unknown function were identified. These results showed that increase of stress-defense-related proteins in leaves after drought treatment were contributed to cope with drought stress. Importantly, A. Mira developed adaptive mechanism to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), including enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities and non-enzymatic low molecular, reduction of energy, and efficiency of adjusting gas exchanges. Conclusions:These results may help improve understanding concerning the adaptation of A. Mira to drought.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Triggers Shifts in the Root Microbial Community and Alters Functional Categories in the Microbial Gene Pool

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Xie ◽  
Ghada E. Dawwam ◽  
Amira E. Sehim ◽  
Xian Li ◽  
Jiadong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiome

Drought is a major threat to crop productivity and causes decreased plant growth, poor yields, and crop failure. Nevertheless, the frequency of droughts is expected to increase in the coming decades. The microbial communities associated with crop plants can influence how plants respond to various stresses; hence, microbiome manipulation is fast becoming an effective strategy for improving the stress tolerance of plants. The effect of drought stress on the root microbiome of perennial woody plants is currently poorly understood. Using Populus trees as a model ecosystem, we found that the diversity of the root microbial community decreased during drought treatment and that compositional shifts in microbes during drought stress were driven by the relative abundances of a large number of dominant phyla, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. A subset of microbes, including Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus arbutinivorans, B. endophyticus, B. megaterium, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium raperi, Trichoderma ghanense, Gongronella butleri, and Rhizopus stolonifer, was isolated from the drought-treated poplar rhizosphere soils, which have potentially beneficial to plant fitness. Further controlled inoculation experiments showed that the isolated bacterial and fungal isolates positively impacted plant growth and drought tolerance. Collectively, our results demonstrate the impact of drought on root microbiome structure and provide a novel example of manipulating root microbiomes to improve plant tolerance.

scholarly journals Iron and Potassium Fertilization Improve Rocket Growth without Affecting Tilapia Growth and Histomorphology Characteristics in Aquaponics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5681
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Stathopoulou ◽  
Evangelia Tsoumalakou ◽  
Efi Levizou ◽  
Theofilos Vanikiotis ◽  
Stefanos Zaoutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Fish Gills ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Fresh Biomass

Aquaponics provides an alternative opportunity for the combined production of fish and plants. Most of the essential nutrients required for optimal plant growth can be supplied from the fish feed, except for K and Fe. These nutrients are usually inadequate in fish feed. In this study, red tilapia and rocket plants were co-cultivated in an aquaponics system along with the extra addition of K and Fe. Fish growth, morpho-anatomical characteristics, and K and Fe loading on fish gills were studied. Plant growth parameters were also determined. The addition of Fe and K slightly improved the produced fresh biomass of rocket per unit area and had no impact on tilapia growth and survival. No severe histological alterations in fish gills, liver, and midgut were detected. EDX analysis showed that the addition of K led to the enrichment of this specific ion in fish gills, but no effects of this accumulation were found on other aspects of fish growth and survival.

scholarly journals Endofit Bakteri Uygulamalarının Farklı Kuraklık Stresi Koşulları Altındaki Biber Fide Gelişimine Etkileri

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282
Author(s):  
Aynur Sadak ◽  
Abdulrahman Smail İbrahim ◽  
Suat Şensoy
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Positive Effects

The study was carried out as a pot experiment in controlled conditions in order to reveal the effect of endophyte bacteria (EB) applications on the development of pepper seedlings grown under different drought stress. Mostar F1 was used as pepper variety. Applied endophyte bacterial isolates were Ochrobactrum sp. (CB36/1) and Bacillus sp. (CA41/1). The EB application was applied twice (first application 10 ml- second application 15 ml) at a density of 109 cfu/ml. All pots were irrigated regularly for 52 days after seed sowing. While irrigation was continued at 2-day intervals in control (B0) applications, four and eight days drougth stresses were applied in the second (B1) and last (B2) application. As plant growth parameters, stem diameter, shoot length and root length, shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf number, root fresh and root dry weight were examined. It has been determined that the effects of B1 and B2 stress applications on plant growth were generally negative. It has been determined that endophyte bacteria applications have relatively positive effects against the negativity caused by different drought stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of drought on physiology and yield contributing characters of sunflower

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Hossain ◽  
A Khatun ◽  
MSA Talukder ◽  
MMR Dewan ◽  
MS Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Physiological Characters

The present study was conducted during 1995 to April 1996 at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of drought stress at various levels with a view to studying the physiological characters of sunflower associated with yield under drought condition. Two varieties ( Kironi and Hysan-55) and five drought cycles were i) Daily watering, ii) 1 day without water, iii) 2 days without water, iv) 3 days without water, and v) 4 days without water imposed in the study. As a whole, drought treatment reduced the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower. In most cases, the rate of reduction was higher in plants that received 4 days drought cycle followed by 3 days. The minimum reduction was observed in plants that received 1 and 2 days drought cycle. The growth parameters (CGR, RGR, NAR, and LAI) were reduced under drought treatments. Similar trend was followed in case of CSI values and RWC of the leaves. The rate of reduction for most of characters was higher in Hysan-55 than that of Kironi. Thus, the variety Kironi was found better than Hysan-55 in respect of physiological adaptation associated with yield under drought condition. Keywords: Drought; physiology; sunflower DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5872Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 113-124, March 2010

scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Responses to Drought Stress in Four Oleander Clones

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Denise S. Rodriguez ◽  
Wayne Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Oleander (Nerium oleander L.), native to southern Asia and the Mediterranean region, is a fast-growing evergreen shrub planted widely in the southern United States. A greenhouse study was conducted to quantify the growth and physiological responses of two cultivars, Hardy Pink and Hardy Red, and two breeding lines, EP1 and EP2, of oleander to a 12-week cyclic drought stress. Drought stress was imposed by irrigating the plants to near container capacity and then withholding irrigation until predetermined container weights were reached. Compared with the control where plants were well-irrigated throughout the experiment, shoot dry weight (DW) was reduced by 52%, 41%, 34%, and 11% in EP1, EP2, ‘Hardy Red’, and ‘Hardy Pink’, respectively. Root-to-shoot DW ratio was higher for the drought-treated plants than the control, regardless of cultivar or breeding line (hereafter, clone). The increase in root-to-shoot DW ratio from the drought treatment was highest in EP1, followed by EP2, ‘Hardy Pink’, and ‘Hardy Red.’ New shoot growth was greatest in ‘Hardy Pink’, followed by ‘Hardy Red’, EP1, and EP2. The number of newly developed shoots during the drought treatment period was 6.8, 3.0, 0.7, and 0.0 in ‘Hardy Pink’, ‘Hardy Red’, EP1, and EP2, respectively. As substrate volumetric moisture content decreased from 30%, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), evapotranspiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gs) decreased in all clones. A curvilinear relationship between Pn and gs was found in all clones. EP1 had a lower maximum Pn (Pm) than those of ‘Hardy Pink’ and EP2 but was not different from that of ‘Hardy Red’. Predawn leaf water potential began to decrease rapidly when substrate moisture content dropped below 15% in all clones. During the dry-down, compared with the control, increases in minimal fluorescence (F0) or decreases in maximal fluorescence (Fm) and Fv/Fm (Fv = Fm – F0) in drought-stressed plants were observed in all clones, indicating some damage in photosystem II from the drought treatment. However, compared with growth parameters, the differences in physiological responses to drought stress among the clones were much smaller. ‘Hardy Pink’ was more tolerant to drought stress than ‘Hardy Red’ and the other two clones in terms of productivity because it maintained greatest growth during the drought-stress period. However, EP2 and EP1 may be more tolerant if survival is concerned because they had a higher root-to-shoot DW ratio with minimal new growth.

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