scholarly journals Physiological and proteomic responses to drought stress in leaves of Amygdalus Mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xu ◽  
Guangze Jin ◽  
Fachun Guan ◽  
Qiuxiang Luo ◽  
Fan Juan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Proteomic Responses ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background:Plant development is strongly influenced by various stresses, such as drought and salinity. Drought is a serious threat which can reduce agricultural productivity and obstruct plant growth. Although the mechanism of plants adapted to drought stress has been studied extensively, the adaptive strategies of Amygdalus Mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu grown in drought and re-watered habitats remain undefined. In this paper, A. Mira from the Tibetan Plateau have outstanding environmental, economic, nutritional and medicinal values, and can thrive in extreme drought. Results:This paper investigated physiological and proteomic responses in leaves of A. Mira during the period of drought stress and recovery, to understand their strategies mechanism. The changes of plant growth, photosynthesis, enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant during drought and re-watering were analyzed in leaves. Compared with controls, A. Mira showed stronger adaptive and resistant characteristics to drought stress. Proteomic technique was also be used to study mechanisms of drought tolerance in A. Mira leaves. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Accordingly, 103 proteins involved in 10 functional categories: Cytoskeleton dynamics, Energy metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, Photosynthesis, Transcription and translation, Transport, Stress and defense, Molecular chaperones, Other materials metabolism, and Unknown function were identified. These results showed that increase of stress-defense-related proteins in leaves after drought treatment were contributed to cope with drought stress. Importantly, A. Mira developed adaptive mechanism to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), including enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities and non-enzymatic low molecular, reduction of energy, and efficiency of adjusting gas exchanges. Conclusions:These results may help improve understanding concerning the adaptation of A. Mira to drought.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Responses to Drought in Leaves of Amygdalus mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xu ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Guangze Jin ◽  
Pei Lei ◽  
Liqun Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Proteomic Responses ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics ◽  
Related Proteins

Various environmental stresses strongly influence plant development. Among these stresses is drought, which is a serious threat that can reduce agricultural productivity and obstruct plant growth. Although the mechanism of plants in response to drought has been studied extensively, the adaptive strategies of Amygdalus mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu grown in drought and rewatered habitats remain undefined. Amygdalus mira from the Tibetan Plateau has outstanding nutritional and medicinal values and can thrive in extreme drought. In this study, the physiological and proteomic responses in leaves of A. mira were investigated during drought and recovery period. The changes in plant growth, photosynthesis, enzymes, and non-enzymatic antioxidant under drought and rewatering were also analyzed in leaves. Compared with controls, A. mira showed stronger adaptive and resistant characteristics to drought. In addition, the proteomic technique was also used to study drought tolerance mechanisms in A. mira leaves. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Accordingly, 103 proteins involved in 10 functional categories: cytoskeleton dynamics, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, transcription and translation, transport, stress and defense, molecular chaperones, other materials metabolism, and unknown function were identified. These results showed that an increase of stress-defense-related proteins in leaves after drought treatment contributed to coping with drought. Importantly, A. mira developed an adaptive mechanism to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), including enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents, reducing energy, and adjusting the efficiency of gas exchanges. These results may help to understand the acclimation of A. mira to drought.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Triggers Shifts in the Root Microbial Community and Alters Functional Categories in the Microbial Gene Pool

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Xie ◽  
Ghada E. Dawwam ◽  
Amira E. Sehim ◽  
Xian Li ◽  
Jiadong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiome

Drought is a major threat to crop productivity and causes decreased plant growth, poor yields, and crop failure. Nevertheless, the frequency of droughts is expected to increase in the coming decades. The microbial communities associated with crop plants can influence how plants respond to various stresses; hence, microbiome manipulation is fast becoming an effective strategy for improving the stress tolerance of plants. The effect of drought stress on the root microbiome of perennial woody plants is currently poorly understood. Using Populus trees as a model ecosystem, we found that the diversity of the root microbial community decreased during drought treatment and that compositional shifts in microbes during drought stress were driven by the relative abundances of a large number of dominant phyla, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. A subset of microbes, including Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus arbutinivorans, B. endophyticus, B. megaterium, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium raperi, Trichoderma ghanense, Gongronella butleri, and Rhizopus stolonifer, was isolated from the drought-treated poplar rhizosphere soils, which have potentially beneficial to plant fitness. Further controlled inoculation experiments showed that the isolated bacterial and fungal isolates positively impacted plant growth and drought tolerance. Collectively, our results demonstrate the impact of drought on root microbiome structure and provide a novel example of manipulating root microbiomes to improve plant tolerance.

scholarly journals Chitosan suppresses the expression level of WRKY17 on red chili (Capsicum annuum) plant under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti ◽  
Karlia Meitha ◽  
Fenny Martha Dwivany ◽  
Hany Husnul Chotimah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Generative Phase

Chili pepper plays a significant role in the global market. However, the production is often impeded by drought stress involving WRKY genes as the defense regulator. Chitosan is considered as a promising alternative fertilizer and defense elicitor. Hence, this study aimed to determine the role of chitosan in improving plant growth and survival of red chili pepper against drought stress. At the onset of the generative phase, chili plants were subjected to 1 mg mL‐1 chitosan, 50 percent drought, or chitosan‐drought treatment. Observations were made on several growth parameters, opened stomata, and WRKY gene expression. The results showed that chitosan‐drought treatment decreased plant growth and yielded significantly. The percentage of opened stomata was recorded at 0.56‐fold lower than control. It was followed by the decrease of the relative expression of WRKY17 and WRKY53 genes up to 0.56 and 0.72‐fold lower than control, respectively. Therefore, we suggested that the double treatment of chitosan‐drought might decrease plant growth performance but increase the defense system by suppressing the expression level of the WRKY17 gene. Interestingly, the drought treatment significantly increased WRKY17 expression level up to 7‐fold higher than control. Hence, it was suggested that WRKY17 has a specific role in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Actin-Related Protein 4 Interacts with PIE1 and Regulates Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Nie ◽  
Jinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide Change ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Related Proteins

As essential structural components of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, the nucleolus-localized actin-related proteins (ARPs) play critical roles in many biological processes. Among them, ARP4 is identified as an integral subunit of chromatin remodeling complex SWR1, which is conserved in yeast, humans and plants. It was shown that RNAi mediated knock-down of Arabidopsis thaliana ARP4 (AtARP4) could affect plant development, specifically, leading to early flowering. However, so far, little is known about how ARP4 functions in the SWR1 complex in plant. Here, we identified a loss-of-function mutant of AtARP4 with a single nucleotide change from glycine to arginine, which had significantly smaller leaf size. The results from the split luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed its physical interaction with the scaffold and catalytic subunit of SWR1 complex, photoperiod-independent early flowering 1 (PIE1). Furthermore, mutation of AtARP4 caused altered transcription response of hundreds of genes, in which the number of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much larger than those down-regulated. Although most DEGs in atarp4 are related to plant defense and response to hormones such as salicylic acid, overall, it has less overlapping with other swr1 mutants and the hta9 hta11 double-mutant. In conclusion, our results reveal that AtARP4 is important for plant growth and such an effect is likely attributed to its repression on gene expression, typically at defense-related loci, thus providing some evidence for the coordination of plant growth and defense, while the regulatory patterns and mechanisms are distinctive from other SWR1 complex components.

scholarly journals Flavonoids improve drought tolerance of maize seedlings by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhu Li ◽  
Ruonan Fan ◽  
Guiling Sun ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Yanting Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Abstract Background and aims As drought threatens the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.), it is important to dissect the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance. Flavonoids, participate in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and alleviate stress-induced oxidative damages. This study aims to dissect the function of flavonoids in the improvement of maize drought tolerance. Methods Using far-infrared imaging screening, we previously isolated a drought overly insensitivity (doi) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized maize library and designated it as doi57. In this study, we performed a physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling of doi57 in comparison to corresponding wild-type B73 under drought stress. Results Under drought stress, doi57 seedlings displayed lower leaf-surface temperature (LST), faster water loss, and better performance in growth than B73. Transcriptome analysis reveals that key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are enriched among differentially expressed genes in doi57. In line with these results, more flavonols and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were accumulated in guard cells of doi57 than in those of B73 with the decrease of soil water content (SWC). Moreover, the capacity determined from doi57 seedling extracts to scavenge oxygen free radicals was more effective than that of B73 under the drought treatment. Additionally, doi57 seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency than B73 exposed to drought stress, resulting in high biomass and greater root/shoot ratios in doi57 mutant plants. Conclusion Flavonoids may facilitate maize seedling drought tolerance by lowering drought-induced oxidative damage as well regulating stomatal movement.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Pitaya to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Aihua Wang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Hongye Ma ◽  
Zhilang Qiu ◽  
Xiaopeng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Proteome Profile ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus L.) is highly tolerant to drought stress. Elucidating the response mechanism of pitaya to drought will substantially contribute to improving crop drought tolerance. In the present study, the physiological and proteomic responses of the pitaya cultivar ‘Zihonglong’ were compared between control seedlings and seedlings exposed to drought stress (−4.9 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol for 7 days. Drought stress obviously enhanced osmolyte accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Proteomic data revealed drought stress activated several pathways in pitaya, including carbohydrate and energy metabolism at two drought stress treatment time-points (6 h and 3 days). Other metabolic pathways, including those related to aspartate, glutamate, glutathione, and secondary metabolites, were induced more at 3 days than at 6 h, whereas photosynthesis and arginine metabolism were induced exclusively at 6 h. Overall, protein expression changes were consistent with the physiological responses, although there were some differences in the timing. The increases in soluble sugar contents mainly resulted from the degradation and transformation of insoluble carbohydrates. Differentially accumulated proteins in amino acid metabolism may be important for the conversion and accumulation of amino acids. GSH and AsA metabolism and secondary metabolism may play important roles in pitaya as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems. The enhanced carbohydrate and energy metabolism may provide the energy necessary for initiating the above metabolic pathways. The current study provided the first proteome profile of this species exposed to drought stress, and may clarify the mechanisms underlying the considerable tolerance of pitaya to drought stress.

scholarly journals Comparing transcriptional responses to Fusarium crown rot in wheat and barley identified an important relationship between disease resistance and drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Su ◽  
J. J. Powell ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
M. Zhou ◽  
C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of genes curated from the literature based on known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 curated genes, 61.0% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was a comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provides further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Copper Nanoparticle Application Enhances Plant Growth and Grain Yield in Maize Under Drought Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Van Nguyen ◽  
Huong Mai Nguyen ◽  
Nga Thanh Le ◽  
Kien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Copper Nanoparticle

Plant growth promotion by Azospirillum sp. in sugarcane is influenced by genotype and drought stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 337 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Yvan Moutia ◽  
Salem Saumtally ◽  
Stijn Spaepen ◽  
Jos Vanderleyden
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion

Effects of Nitric Oxide Application on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Pepper Plants under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Fikret YAŞAR ◽  
Özlem ÜZAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the messenger molecule Nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative enzyme (SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; CAT: Catalase; APX: Ascorbate Peroxidase) activities in some metabolic changes that occur under the effect of drought stress in plants, to determine the possible roles of Nitric Oxide and to obtain complementary information. The experiment conducted in a controlled environment, and plant were cultured in containers containing Hoagland nutrient solution. For drought stress application, 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) was added to the nutrient solution, which is equivalent to -0.40 MPa osmotic potential. Before the drought stress is applied, pepper seedlings of Demre cv were pre-treated with different doses of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and Carboxy-PTIO (potassium salt) (cPTIO) (SNP 0.01, SNP 1, SNP 100 and SNP 0.01 + cPTIO, SNP + cPTIO, SNP 100+ cPTIO). On the 10th day of the drought application, the growth parameters of the plants; the plant fresh weights and their Antioxidative Enzyme Activities (SOD, CAT, APX) were determined. In terms of plant growth parameters, both plant growth and antioxidant anzyme activities of plants pretreated with 0.01 and 1 doses of SNP were lower than the high dose of SNP and the PEG application without pretreatment. The reason for the low enzyme activities in these applications can be attributed to factors such as the excess accumulation of organic acids such as proline in the cells of the plants and the decrease in H2O2 and O-2 levels in the presence of SNP.

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