scholarly journals Characterization of Bottom Ash Waste Adsorbent from Palm Oil Plant Boiler Burning Process to Adsorb Carbon Dioxide in a Fixed Bed Column

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Novi Sylvia ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
Rozanna Dewi ◽  
Rizka Mulyawan ◽  
Abrar Muslim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Ft Ir

Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years. This study aims to examine adsorbent characteristics and capabilities of bottom ash produced from boiler combustion in palm oil industry for CO2 adsorption before and after utilization, such as compound functional group using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, adsorbent morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and compound amount using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The CO2 adsorption was carried out in fixed-bed column. Process variables consist of volumetric flow rate, contact time and bed height. Results showed that SiO2 compounds in the heterogeneous form with average particle size of 1073 nm, as supported by FT-IR spectrum finding indicating SiO2 signal at wavelength of 958–954 cm–1. Additionally, EDX analysis showed Silica and Oxygen content of 11.88% and 36.90%, resulting 70% CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.350 mg/g at discharge of 5 L/min, contact time of 40 min, and bed height of 12 cm. Langmuir isotherm model was obtained with R2 of 0.998, qm of 1.588, and kL of 0.144. Meanwhile, the kinetic model followed a simple first-order prototypical with R2 of 0.952, C02 of 0.260, and k1 of 0.006.

scholarly journals Sorption of Ag+ and Cu2+ by Vermiculite in a Fixed-Bed Column: Design, Process Optimization and Dynamics Investigations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Długosz ◽  
Marcin Banach
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Column System ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Bed Height

Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion concentrations, flow rate, and bed height of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column system were investigated. Statistical analysis confirmed that breakthrough curves depended on all three factors. The highest inlet metal cation concentration (5000 mg/dm3), the lowest bed height (3 cm) and the lowest flow rate (2 and 3 cm3/min for Ag + and Cu 2 + , respectively) were optimal for the adsorption process. The maximum total percentage of metal ions removed was 60.4% and 68.7% for Ag+ and Cu2+, respectively. Adsorption data were fitted with four fixed-bed adsorption models, namely Clark, Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models, to predict breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic column parameters. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR, EDS and BET techniques. The results showed that vermiculite could be applied as a cost-effective sorbent for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from wastewater in a continuous process.

Changes in Particle Size Distributions on a Fixed Bed of Granular Activated Carbon

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Shpirt ◽  
K. T. Alben
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Particle

The particle size distribution at different bed depths of a fixed bed of granular activated carbon (GAC) has been monitored during 50 weeks of a pilot column run at the Waterford, New York potable water treatment plant. Initial backwashing resulted in significant stratification of GAC in the column: larger particles (average diameter 1.18 mm) settled in the bottom of the column (105 cm), and smaller particles (average diameter 0.97 mm) were concentrated near the top (24 cm), compared to samples of unstratified virgin Calgon F400 (average diameter 1.09 mm). During column loading and initial backwashing, more fines were created than were present in the virgin GAC (average 6.5% of GAC fines in the > 40 mesh fraction, compared to only 0.3% in the > 40 mesh fraction for virgin Calgon F400). After 50 weeks of service there was an overall trend toward a smaller average particle size (0.9 mm) with development of a more regular pattern of bed stratification (1.08 mm at the bottom and 0.75 mm at the top). These changes are attributed to breaking of large particles (12-20 mesh) and creation of intermediate size particles (20-30 and 30-40 mesh).

Adsorption characteristics of methylene blue onto agricultural wastes lotus leaf in bath and column modes

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuli Han ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaojian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Leaf Powder

The adsorption potential of lotus leaf to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Koble–Corrigan isotherm models were employed to discuss the adsorption behavior. The results of analysis indicated that the equilibrium data were perfectly represented by Temkin isotherm and the Langmuir saturation adsorption capacity of lotus leaf was found to be 239.6 mg g−1 at 303 K. In fixed-bed column experiments, the effects of flow rate, influent concentration and bed height on the breakthrough characteristics of adsorption were discussed. The Thomas and the bed-depth/service time (BDST) models were applied to the column experimental data to determine the characteristic parameters of the column adsorption. The two models were found to be suitable to describe the dynamic behavior of MB adsorbed onto the lotus leaf powder column.

scholarly journals Investigation on room temperature photoluminescence of pure and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan ◽  
J.C. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractPure and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by soft chemical method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDAX, UV-Vis, PL and FT-IR studies. XRD patterns revealed that the nanoparticles were crystallized in hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average particle size of 19 nm to 26 nm. The surface morphology was explored using SEM micrographs. The incorporation of aluminum was confirmed by EDAX and FT-IR studies. The band gaps of the particles were found from 3.48 eV to 3.53 eV through UV-Vis spectral studies. The defect related mechanism was investigated using PL measurements. The chemical functional groups in FT-IR spectra proved the formation of pure and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles.

The Utilization of Ground Tire Rubber as Ion Exchange Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supitcha Rungrodnimitchai ◽  
Sirinapa Mayod ◽  
Sutamma Tanasarn
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, ground tire rubber (R-GTR) with the average particle size of 456 µm was chemically modified to produce modified ground tire rubber (M-GTR) that can work as ion exchange materials. The modification was performed by oxidation reaction. The ground tire rubber was oxidized at the range of temperature from 20 to 40๐C for 48, 72 and 96 hours by a mixture of the HNO3/H3PO4/NaNO2system. The HNO3/H3PO4ratio was 1:3 and the concentration of NaNO2was 1.4% w/v. FT-IR revealed that the carboxyl group or the carbonyl group was successfully introduced into the modified ground tire rubber and SEM images demonstrated that the porosity of modified ground tire rubber increased. The results of the modified ground tire rubber showed that the carboxyl content increased with an increase of reaction time while %yield decreased with an increase of reaction time. The optimum condition for modification was the reaction at 30๐C for 96 hours.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using a Bioflocculant Extracted from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB2

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1064-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi G. Dlamini ◽  
Albertus K. Basson ◽  
V. S. R. Rajasekhar Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir

Bioflocculant from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB2 was used in the eco-friendly synthesis of the copper nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The transmission electron microscopy images showed close to spherical shapes with an average particle size of ∼53 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of the Cu nanopartilces and also the other elements such as O, C, P, Ca, Cl, Na, K, Mg, and S originated from the bioflocculant. FT-IR results showed the presence of the –OH and –NH2 groups, aliphatic bonds, amide and Cu–O bonds. Powder X-ray diffraction peaks confirmed the presence of (111) and (220) planes of fcc structure at 2 of 33° and 47° respectively with no other impurity peaks.

scholarly journals Spectral and Thermal Degradation of Melamine Cyanurate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sangeetha ◽  
N. Kanagathara ◽  
R. Sumathi ◽  
N. Sivakumar ◽  
G. Anbalagan
Keyword(s):  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Scherrer Formula

Melamine cyanurate, an organic crystalline complex was, synthesized by evaporation of an aqueous solution containing equimolar quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid. The synthesized compound has been subjected to various characterizations like Powder XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTG, SEM, and SHG. The presence of sharp diffraction peaks in the XRD confirms that the products are highly crystalline. The average particle size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula, and it was found to be 3.067 μm. Thermal behavior of the grown crystal has been studied by TG-DTG analysis. From TG-DTG, it is found that the title crystal possesses good thermal stability. The activation energy was calculated using the Broido, Coats-Redfern, and Horowitz-Metzger methods. A sharp peak exothermic peak at 405.40°C was assigned as the melting point of the title material. SEM reveals the morphology of the synthesized salt. No detectable signal was observed during the Kurtz-Perry technique.

scholarly journals Study of a fixed-bed column in the adsorption of an azo dye from an aqueous medium using a chitosan–glutaraldehyde biosorbent

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime López-Cervantes ◽  
Dalia I Sánchez-Machado ◽  
Reyna G Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
Ma A Correa-Murrieta
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Direct Blue ◽  
Direct Blue 71 ◽  
Bed Depth Service Time

A continuous adsorption study in a fixed-bed column was carried out using a chitosan–glutaraldehyde biosorbent for the removal of the textile dye Direct Blue 71 from an aqueous solution. The biosorbent was prepared from shrimp shells and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of chitosan–glutaraldehyde bed height (3–12 cm), inlet Direct Blue 71 concentration (15–50 mg l−1), and feed flow rate (1–3 ml min−1) on the column performance were analyzed. The highest bed capacity of 343.59 mg Direct Blue 71 per gram of chitosan–glutaraldehyde adsorbent was obtained using 1 ml min−1 flow rate, 50 mg l−1 inlet Direct Blue 71 concentration, and 3 cm bed height. The breakthrough curve was analyzed using the Adams–Bohart, Thomas, and bed depth service time mathematical models. The behaviors of the breakthrough curves were defined by the Thomas model at different conditions. The bed depth service time model showed good agreement with the experimental data, and the high values of correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9646) obtained indicate the validity of the bed depth service time model for the present column system.

scholarly journals Isothermal models of Chromium (VI) adsorption by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles

10.30544/489 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Tan Hiep ◽  
Bui Thi Hoa ◽  
Ngo Thi My Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Viet Long ◽  
Le Hong Phuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
Chromium Vi

The ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the average particle size of about 10 nm were used to adsorb chromium (VI) in aqueous solution. The equilibrium of Cr(VI) adsorption can be achieved at the pH value of 2.5, in the contact time of 120 minutes. The mechanisms of Cr(VI) adsorption were evaluated by 4 isothermal adsorption models Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin. The results showed that all four models are satisfied; especially, Redlich-Peterson is the most suitable model to describe the adsorption kinetic of Cr(VI) on ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Fixed-bed Column Dynamics of Ultrasound and Na-functionalized Diatomite to Remove Phosphate from Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiu Ye ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
Guizhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Breakthrough Time ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Column Dynamics ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration ◽  
Column Process

Abstract A continuous fixed-bed column study has been used to evaluate phosphate adsorption performance of U-D-Na which was functionalized by the cheap NaCl reagent after simple ultrasonic purification of diatomite. Experimentally, various effect factors, the flow rate, the initial phosphate concentration, and the bed height on breakthrough time of fixed column were studied. Experimental results showed that the breakthrough time declined with the increase of inlet phosphorous concentration and feed rate, whereas the increase of bed height turned out to significantly prolong the breakthrough time. The dynamic adsorption data could better be fitted by the Thomas model, with the correlation coefficients obtained, R2 > 0.9000 at the majority of operating conditions (5/7). At least thrice loop of adsorption and desorption was achieved with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid eluent and deionized water. The results proved that U-D-Na could be used as a better alternative phosphate adsorbent from wastewater in a continuous column process.

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