scholarly journals Incidence and Prevalence of Hypertension among Inmates in Three Correctional Facilities in Lusaka Province Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
Gift Himwaaba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Hypertension also known as high blood pressure is a global public health issue that has become very common worldwide and can lead to major health outcomes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and ultimately death. The main objective of this study was to assess the incidences and the prevalence of hypertension among inmates. A correctional facilities based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the incidence and prevalence of hypertension among the inmates of Zambia’s Lusaka based three correctional facilities. A total of 311 inmates were included in this study of which 228 (73.3%) were males and 83 (26.7%) were females. Data was analyzed using STATA version 15.0 software package. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, fisher’s exact test and Logistic regression were used to examine, demographic characteristics, prevalence rate, correlation, risk factors and association in relation to hypertension. Among the participants 54 (17.4%) were found to be hypertensive. The median blood pressure for the hypertensive was 157.8/102 mmHg and the median blood pressure for non-hypertensive was 116/75 mmHg. Incarceration variables correlated with hypertension were, duration of incarceration p= 0.0001, reasons for detention p= 0.0001, type of inmate p= 0.0150. Old age, unemployed, major crimes, history of hypertension, smoking and body mass index were the risk factors for hypertension found among inmates. The prevalence of hypertension in the three correctional facilities in Zambia was found to be at 17.4%, which was lower than the prevalence rate in most studies reviewed and even lower than the prevalence rate in the general population of some selected districts in Zambia.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Hypertension in Peri-urban Community of Kashmir Valle

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Uroosa Farooq Allaqband ◽  
Anjum B Fazili ◽  
Rohul Jabeen Shah ◽  
Javeed Ahmad Parray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Introduction: Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue. It’s among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. Poor compliance to anti-hypertensive therapy is usually associated with bad outcome of the disease and wastage of limited health care resources. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and treatment compliance of the hypertensive patients. Method: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in a peri-urban area in the month of May 2019.This study was conducted in relation to May Measurement Month, an Initiative which was first observed by international Society of Hypertension in May 2017. This area is divided into six Mohallas from which two Mohallas were selected randomly. All households from the selected Mohallas were included in this house to house survey. A total of 1076 subjects above the age of 15 years participated in the study. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20.00 and standard statistical test like chi square (x2) was applied where ever required. Results: Over all prevalence of high blood pressure was found to be 28.8% in study population with 82.6% known hypertensives and 17.4% detected with raised BP for the first time. The overall compliance to treatment in known hypertensives was 34.4%. Conclusion: A very low treatment compliance level was observed in the study participants which needs redressal by way of mass awareness campaigns, as well as individual counseling for Behaviour Change Communication.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽  
Danjuma B. Dantala ◽  
Paul A. Shinggu ◽  
Umesi A. Dike ◽  
Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

scholarly journals Investigating the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a population-based study: Fasa PERSIAN COHORT data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Bijani ◽  
Saeed Parvizi ◽  
Azizallah Dehghan ◽  
Massih Sedigh-Rahimabadi ◽  
Mahsa Rostami-chijan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background A high prevalence rate of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications made this disease a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in Fasa PERSIAN COHORT in south of Iran in 2019. Methods This was an analytical-cross sectional study. The study population were the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in this study. Independent t test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Thereafter, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Out of 10,111 individuals included in the study, 5546 (54.86%) subjects were women and 4565 (45.16%) other were men. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was estimated as 46.6%. In the present study, (16/1%) of the participants were with HTN stage 1, and (17/9%) of them were with HTN stage 2. The results show that there were significant positive correlations among HTN and age, BMI, HDL, TG, BUN, ALP, smoking, physical activity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and renal failure (P < 0.5). Conclusions Prevalence of HTN in this study population is considerable. Therefore, it is suggested that health system should program some plans to prevent hypertension’s prevalence and eliminate its risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors associated with hypertension in Lebanese adults: A cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Bakr Mouhtadi ◽  
Reem Mohamad Najib Kanaan ◽  
Mohammad Iskandarani ◽  
Mohamad Khaled Rahal ◽  
Dalal Hammoud Halat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Background: The prevention and control of hypertension is an essential component for reducing cardiovascular disease burden. Hypertension is an important public health issue, yet few studies have examined its current status among the Lebanese population. Objective: To examine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its associated risk factors among Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2014, and May 2015, on adults from the five districts of Lebanon. Multistage sampling was used to enroll participants. Hypertension was defined as an average of two blood pressure (BP) measurements with systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg, using an automated digital device, or the use of antihypertensive medication. A questionnaire was used to assess hypertension risk factors, awareness, treatment and control. Results: Of the 1362 Lebanese adults interviewed, 399 (29.3%) had hypertension. Of these, 106 (26.5%) were aware of their condition. Sixty-nine patients (65%) of those aware, were receiving treatment, and 38 (55%) participants from those treated were controlled. The significant risk factors were sex, gender, age, family history of hypertension, obesity, and a low level of education. Conclusions: Hypertension is prevalent among the Lebanese adult population and is multifactorial, but remains incompletely recognized, leading to insufficient control. Hypertension was highly prevalent in males in the age category 18-29 years. These findings show that improvements in detection, treatment, and control of hypertension among Lebanese adults, is much needed. 

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among rural adults in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
T. K. Raja ◽  
T. Muthukumar ◽  
Anisha Mohan P.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases, which is an important global public health problem and also the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease in both developed and developing countries. The aim and objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to assess the associated risk factors among adults of rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done on 225 study subjects, using systemic random sampling method at Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Results: The study included 225 participants of which 53% were male and 47% were female. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 26.2%. Risk among male was greater than female (OR=1.390). Factors like age, body mass index, diet, family history of hypertension had significant association (p<0.05) with hypertension. Conclusions: Regular screening for hypertension among adults should be done in the general OPD as well as in health camps so that they have a knowledge regarding their own blood pressure status. Among those who already have hypertension, anti -hypertensive drugs, timely blood pressure check-up, screening for cardio vascular diseases and self-care management of hypertension need to be promoted. 

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Epilepsi pada Anak Palsi Serebral

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
M Luthfi Suhaimi ◽  
Iskandar Syarif ◽  
Eva Chundrayetti ◽  
Rahmi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Pada anak yang menderita palsi serebral kemungkinan akan mengalami peningkatan risiko terjadinya epilepsy. Setiap perubahan pada otak dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya epilepsi dengan berbagai manifestasi klinis. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko dengan terjadinya epilepsi pada anak palsi serebral di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Metode: Desain peneltian ini adalah cross-sectional study yang dilaksanakan pada Agustus 2018 sampai Desember 2019. Subjek palsi serebral diperoleh secara consecutive sampling, dengan jumlah minimal 60 subjek. Faktor risiko yang diteliti meliputi asfiksia, persalinan vakum ekstraksi, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kejang neonatal. Uji statistik menggunakan Chi-square test dan Fisher’s exact test, dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Pada 60 pasien palsi serebral, ditemukan 39 pasien (65%) menderita epilepsi dan 21 pasien (35%) tidak menderita epilepsi. Perbandingan jenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki 1,2:1. Epilepsi umum merupakan tipe epilepsi yang paling banyak ditemukan (76,9%), pengobatan secara politerapi hampir sama banyak dengan monoterapi. Asfiksia, persalinan vakum ekstraksi, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kejang neonatal tidak bermakna sebagai faktor risiko epilepsi pada anak palsi serebral. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asfiksia, persalinan vakum ekstraksi, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kejang neonatal dengan terjadinya epilepsi pada anak palsi serebral.Kata kunci: cerebral palsy, epilepsy, risk factors

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Trichinella Spp. in Pigs and Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pig Farmers of Eastern and Midwestern Regions of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
Dipak Kathayat ◽  
Swoyam P. Shrestha ◽  
Santosh Dhakal ◽  
Laxman Ghimire ◽  
Mahesh K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test

A cross-sectional study was conducted on four major pig raising districts of eastern and mid-western region of Nepal from February to May 2014 to find out the seroprevalence of Trichinella spp. A total of 184 serum samples of pigs were collected and antibodies against trichinella were detected using ID screen trichinella indirect multi- species ELISA kit. The study revealed prevalence rate of 3.8% and difference in prevalence rate according to age, sex, breed, rearing system, ecozone, region & district were statistically insignificant (P>0.05) as analysed by Chi-square test using PHStat version 2.5 and Fisher’s exact test. This study confirms that antibodies of Trichinella spp. are circulating in pigs of Nepal. Further, the knowledge, attitude and practices survey of meat borne helminthic zoonoses was conducted among 50 pig raisers and pork consumers by face to face interview using a semi-structure questionnaire. This survey concludes that although there were significant portion of the respondents aware of meat borne helminthic zoonoses but there were still a noticeable proportion of respondents who didn’t have a proper knowledge that upsurge public health risks. Moreover, present-day situation of their pig raising practices & pork consumption system possess them to a menace of public health zoonoses. be done for enhancing the potential of isolates.  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 402-407

scholarly journals SMOKING HABIT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HYPERTENSION AMONG MIDDLE AGED MEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rian Diana ◽  
Ali Khomsan ◽  
Naufal Muharam Nurdin ◽  
Faisal Anwar ◽  
Hadi Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hypertension is a global public health problem. Hypertension prevalence increasing with age, particularly in middle aged men. It is important to identify the modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation of smoking habit, physical activity, and hypertension among middle aged men. This study was conducted in Cianjur District, West Java. 112 men aged 45-59 years old were participated in this cross sectional study. Automatic blood pressure (OMRON Model HEM-7200) was used to measure blood pressure. 24-hour physical activity recall was used to assess physical activity (PA). The correlation between smoking habit and hypertension was analyzed by Chi Square.  The correlation between physical activity and hypertension was analyzed by Spearman.  This study found that 83.9% subjects had smoking habit.  More than half of the subjects (57.2%) had heavy PA. Almost half of the subjects (43.7%) were hypertension. Median of systolic 135.0 mmHg and diastolic 85.0 mmHg. There was a significant correlation between smoking habit (p=0.039) and physical activity (p=0.025) with hypertension. Smoking habit and physical activity correlate with hypertension. Having a moderate to vigorous physical activity regularly particularly in smokers among middle aged men are recommend for decreasing the prevalence of hypertension.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of predictors of hypertension among tribal women in Western Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Shalini Rawat ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in  60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be  normotensive, 16%  were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.

Analisis Faktor Determinan yang berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Rekomendasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.

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