scholarly journals EFFECT OF CELLULOSIC POLYMER ON PHYSICO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERPOROUS HYDROGEL OF AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG AND DRUG RELEASE KINETICS FROM IT

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Gopa Roy Biswas ◽  
Debolina Roy ◽  
Sutapa Biswas Majee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Drug Release Kinetics ◽  
Superporous Hydrogels ◽  
Superporous Hydrogel ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: Super porous hydrogels (SPHs), a novel drug delivery system can be developed to retain drugs in the gastric medium. The aim of the present investigation was to prepare superporous hydrogels (SPHs) of Atenolol to release the drug in sustained manner in the gastric environment and study the effect of two grades of hydroxyl methyl cellulose along with Carbopol 971p on the physico mechanical properties and drug release kinetics of the formulations. Methods: Superporous hydrogels of Atenolol were prepared with two grades of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K100M and HPMC K15 M) along with Carbopol 971p the structural morphology of hydrogel was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Study on Physico mechanical characteristics and drug release were done. Results: Scanning Electron microscopy studies of the formulations revealed the presence of large number of pores in different size ranges like 1 µm, 2 µm, 10 µm, confirming the formulations as superporous hydrogel. A correlation had been found between porosity, density and % swelling index. The drug release data from the formulations obeyed Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Further, the data were fitted to the Kopcha model for confirming drug release by a combination of diffusion-controlled and chain relaxation–swelling mechanism. Conclusion: Among the six formulations, where HPMC K15 M and HPMC K100 M both were present, the gel became more hydrophobic and retarded the release of drug. From the drug release kinetics data, it can be concluded that the diffusion mechanism predominated the drug release process, leading to quasi diffusion and Fickian diffusion mechanism.

scholarly journals SODIUM ALGINATE/GELATIN MICROBEADS-INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANOCLAY FOR EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY IN WILSON’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. SREEKANTH REDDY ◽  
M. C. S. SUBHA ◽  
T. JITHENDRA ◽  
C. MADHAVI ◽  
K. CHOWDOJI RAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: The aim of the present study was to fabricate and evaluate the drug release studies using Sodium Alginate (SA) and Gelatin (GE) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nanoclay for sustained release of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Methods: Sodium alginate/gelatin/Kaolin blend microbeads were prepared by an extrusion method by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The obtained microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD). Drug release kinetics of the microbeads was investigated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-RD reveals that the KA should be intercalated with the drug and also it confirms the molecular level dispersion of D-Penicillamine into microbeads. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the beads were in spherical shape with some wrinkled depressions on the surface. The in vitro release study indicates the D-Penicillamine released in a controlled manner. The in vitro release kinetics was assessed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and the ‘n’ value lies in between 0.557-0.693 indicates Non-Fickian diffusion process. Conclusion: The results suggest that the developed KA intercalated microbeads are good potential drug carrier for the controlled release of D-PA.

Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Floating Microspheres of Misoprostol

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3608-3615
Author(s):  
K Vanitha ◽  
M. Mohan Varma ◽  
Ramesh Alluri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Polymer Ratio

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin PGE1 analogue, which has proved to be an effective anti-secretory agent for oral use. The major indications of Misoprostol are in the prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers. Its half-life is 20-40 minutes. More than one third of patients with ulcers are resistant to H2 antagonists. So, these patients can be healed on Misoprostol. The objective of the present study was to formulate gastroretentive floating drug delivery system of an antiulcer drug Misoprostol. Floating microspheres of Misoprostol were prepared by an emulsification solvent evaporation technique using hydroxy propyl methyl-cellulose (HPMC K 100M) and ethyl cellulose. The percentage yield and drug entrapment efficiencies of these floating microspheres were within the range between: 70 ± 2.8 to 98 ± 2.9 % and 39.27 to 82.39 %, respectively. The determined mean particle size for all the microspheres were 250 ± 7.28 to 400 ± 2.32 µm. The flowability of these microspheres was found good. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultra-violet (UV) detection was selected for the method of analysis.  The drug release was found to delay for 12 hours with the increasing drug to polymer ratio. The drug release kinetics followed Korsemeyer-Peppas and Higuchi model with anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion mechanism for the drug release. The FTIR and DSC studies showed that there was an absence of chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients. The in vitro drug release from Misoprostol floating microspheres showed the drug release was dependent on the drug to polymer ratio. The drug release was found delayed with the increasing drug to polymer ratio.  

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Generations of Superporous Hydrogels Based on Chitosan-Acrylamide and In Vitro Drug Release

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Bhalla ◽  
Manju Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pluronic F127 ◽  
Interpenetrating Networks ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Superporous Hydrogels ◽  
Gas Blowing ◽  
Superporous Hydrogel

The aim of the current research work was to prepare and evaluate different generations of superporous hydrogels (SPH) of acrylamide and chitosan using gas blowing technique and evaluate them for swelling, mechanical properties, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and in vitro drug release. The ingredients used were acrylamide, N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide, chitosan, Pluronic F127, ammonium per sulfate-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine, and sodium bicarbonate. All ingredients were mixed sequentially with thorough stirring. The effect of different drying conditions on properties of SPH was also evaluated. Ethanol treated batched showed maximum swelling properties due to uniform pores as indicated in SEM studies. Equilibrium swelling time was less than 10 min in all batches. Freeze drying led to lowering of density which is also supported by porosity and void fraction data. Maximum mechanical strength was found in superporous hydrogel interpenetrating networks due to crosslinked polymeric network. 70% drug was released at the end of 2 h, and further the release was sustained till the end of 24 h. In vitro drug release kinetics showed that drug release occurs by diffusion and follows Super Case II transport indicating that mechanism of drug release is not clear. Superporous hydrogel interpenetrating networks can be successfully used as sustained release gastroretentive devices.

Modulation of drug release kinetics from hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose matrix tablets using polyvinyl pyrrolidone

2007 ◽  
Vol 337 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Hardy ◽  
Anne Windberg-Baarup ◽  
Claudia Neri ◽  
Paul V. Byway ◽  
Steven W. Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Drug Release Kinetics ◽  
Cellulose Matrix

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Novel Hydrogels of Chitosan and Poly (vinyl alcohol) Reinforced with Inorganic Particles of Bioactive Glass

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
O. Sánchez-Aguinagalde ◽  
Ainhoa Lejardi ◽  
Emilio Meaurio ◽  
Rebeca Hernández ◽  
Carmen Mijangos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Release Studies

Chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, a polymeric system that shows a broad potential in biomedical applications, were developed. Despite the advantages they present, their mechanical properties are insufficient to support the loads that appear on the body. Thus, it was proposed to reinforce these gels with inorganic glass particles (BG) in order to improve mechanical properties and bioactivity and to see how this reinforcement affects levofloxacin drug release kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), swelling tests, rheology and drug release studies characterized the resulting hydrogels. The experimental results verified the bioactivity of these gels, showed an improvement of the mechanical properties and proved that the added bioactive glass does affect the release kinetics.

scholarly journals Analysis of PLA Composite Filaments Reinforced with Lignin and Polymerised-Lignin-Treated NFC

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
Diana Gregor-Svetec ◽  
Mirjam Leskovšek ◽  
Blaž Leskovar ◽  
Urška Stanković Elesini ◽  
Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most suitable materials for 3D printing. Blending with nanoparticles improves some of its properties, broadening its application possibilities. The article presents a study of composite PLA matrix filaments with added unmodified and lignin/polymerised lignin surface-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The influence of untreated and surface-modified NFC on morphological, mechanical, technological, infrared spectroscopic, and dynamic mechanical properties was evaluated for different groups of samples. As determined by the stereo and scanning electron microscopy, the unmodified and surface-modified NFCs with lignin and polymerised lignin were present in the form of plate-shaped agglomerates. The addition of NFC slightly reduced the filaments’ tensile strength, stretchability, and ability to absorb energy, while in contrast, the initial modulus slightly improved. By adding NFC to the PLA matrix, the bending storage modulus (E’) decreased slightly at lower temperatures, especially in the PLA samples with 3 wt% and 5 wt% NFC. When NFC was modified with lignin and polymerised lignin, an increase in E’ was noticed, especially in the glassy state.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Nanocomposite Superhydrophobic Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Divine Sebastian ◽  
Chun-Wei Yao ◽  
Lutfun Nipa ◽  
Ian Lian ◽  
Gary Twu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coating ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, a mechanically durable anticorrosion superhydrophobic coating is developed using a nanocomposite coating solution composed of silica nanoparticles and epoxy resin. The nanocomposite coating developed was tested for its superhydrophobic behavior using goniometry; surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; corrosion resistance using atomic force microscopy; and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The nanocomposite coating possesses hierarchical micro/nanostructures, according to the scanning electron microscopy images, and the presence of such structures was further confirmed by the atomic force microscopy images. The developed nanocomposite coating was found to be highly superhydrophobic as well as corrosion resistant, according to the results from static contact angle measurement and potentiodynamic polarization measurement, respectively. The abrasion resistance and mechanical durability of the nanocomposite coating were studied by abrasion tests, and the mechanical properties such as reduced modulus and Berkovich hardness were evaluated with the aid of nanoindentation tests.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) Hydrogels as Platform for Chondrocyte Proliferation and Controlled Release of Betamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Jomarien García-Couce ◽  
Marioly Vernhes ◽  
Nancy Bada ◽  
Lissette Agüero ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydrogels obtained from combining different polymers are an interesting strategy for developing controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using a different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a swelling degree. Betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at a different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner for up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay showed that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase of proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by the Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics, and biocompatibility.

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