scholarly journals LATENTIATED PRODRUG APPROACH OF DRUGS: AN OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
DHARUN P. R. ◽  
ISMAIL Y. ◽  
VIJAYA VARA PRASAD M.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Criterion

Prodrugs, with their capability of declining the adverse events and elevating the bioavailability of certain drugs, have captured enormous attention throughout the world since the 20th century. The versatility of the prodrugs that are inert and after administration releasing the parent moiety for the desired effect has become a major criterion for the scientists to incorporate this to alleviate the undesired effects of a conventional drug. About 10% of the prevailing drugs are prodrugs and their usage is being amplified owing to its critical application in cancer therapy, toxicity alleviation, and specificity. The purpose of this review is to understand the prodrugs, strategies incorporated in designing the prodrugs, applications, their crucial benefits in targeted action at a specific site of the body, their advantageous effects in chemotherapy. Also, to be acknowledged with the ongoing clinical trials and researches on prodrugs and some notable marketed prodrugs in a depth manner.

ACE-2-Receptors of the Epidermis, Dermal Vascular Walls and Sebaceous Gland Cells: The Way of COVID-19 Entry into the Body?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

Since the outbreak near a fish market in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, researchers have been searching for an effective therapy to control the spreading of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit COVID-19 infection. Many countries like Italy, Spain, and the USA were ambushed by this viral agent. To date, more than 2.5 million people were infected with SARS-CoV-2. There is no clear answer, why SARS-CoV-2 infects so many people so fast. To date of April 2020, no effective drug has been found to treat this new severe viral infection. There are many therapy options under review and clinical trials were initiated to get clearer information, what kind of drug can help in this devastating and serious situation. The world has no time.

scholarly journals Recombinant Human Adenovirus-p53 Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Jagadish Hosmani ◽  
Shazia Mushtaq ◽  
Shahabe Saquib Abullais ◽  
Hussain Mohammed Almubarak ◽  
Khalil Assiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The World

Background and Objectives: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus p-53 (rAD-p53) therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used for the search. Inclusion criteria included original research, randomized clinical trials and articles only in English language. Exclusion criteria were any articles that were not research articles, not randomized trials, non-human studies, etc. The articles were further graded on the Jadad scale. Results: 578 articles were assessed from various databases; only 3 articles were found to be appropriate for this review. Thus, meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity and lack of data. In the three studies, whether rAD-p53 was used as a standalone therapy or with other therapies, there was a beneficial effect of the therapy. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events and the only adverse events reported were fever, pain at the local injection site, flu-like symptoms and lowered WBC count. Conclusions: Thus, we can conclude that this therapy has a potential for beneficial therapeutic effects and further clinical trials with more patients need to be performed to get better understanding of the effect of rAD-p53 therapy, which probably will pave the way to its approval in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals The real-life experience with cardiovascular complications in the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 712-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Christian Cardoso Arruda ◽  
Walter Oleschko Arruda ◽  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Alfredo Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Strict Inclusion ◽  
The World

Fingolimod is a new and efficient treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The drug administration requires special attention to the first dose, since cardiovascular adverse events can be observed during the initial six hours of fingolimod ingestion. The present study consisted of a review of cardiovascular data on 180 patients with MS receiving the first dose of fingolimod. The rate of bradycardia in these patients was higher than that observed in clinical trials with very strict inclusion criteria for patients. There were less than 10% of cases requiring special attention, but no fatal cases. All but one patient continued the treatment after this initial dose. This is the first report on real-life administration of fingolimod to Brazilian patients with MS, and one of the few studies with these characteristics in the world.

scholarly journals Bodies in motion and image recomposition in the early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Motion ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Live Action

The question of the appearance of the body surges in a play of overwhelming forces, and its register in artworks assumes different shapes as their representation spreads towards other mediums. Firstly, following Aby Warburg’s thought, this article will analyse the process of the survival of bodies as potential motion in images. Warburg proposed an Iconological approach where the analysis of potential movement in the image yielded a formula for its analytic recomposition. Furthermore, he captured the transition at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the body representation moved to media that allowed movement reproduction, such as animation and cinema. The bodies' survival or capture contained an animist belief that gained propulsion with the first apparatuses and optical toys that allowed movement and live-action recording. This movement allowed for the production of a simulacrum of the living body and the power to recompose it in space. Therefore, this article will focus on the evolution of body representation and its survival to understand how images from the early twentieth century shaped and traveled around the world.

scholarly journals Vaccination during a pandemic - a public health challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-619
Author(s):  
Faruqueuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Pass Through

Since the emergence of COVID 19 virus, scientists all over the world are working at breakneck speed to develop a vaccine. Development of a vaccine is not a competitive race to the finish as it must pass through a stringent process of evaluation. The process includes vaccines’ immunogenicity, duration of immunity, efficacy of protection, interaction with other antigens, dosage, route of administration, packaging, and thermostability and expected adverse events and safety. Efficacy of a new vaccine is measured in clinical trials under ideal conditions, whereas its effectiveness is measured in the field under actual program conditions. (1) In normal circumstances, vaccine development is a prolonged process, averaging over 10 years from start to finish (2). To meet the urgent, need a COVID 19 vaccine may be available in a much shorter-term frame, at the earliest in 18 months.

scholarly journals From ‘the mind isolated with the body’ to ‘the mind being embodied’: Contemporary approaches to the philosophy of the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Duoyi Fei
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Mind

In the interpretation of the body in the 20th century, philosophy placed less emphasis than before on its natural composition and sought to integrate value judgements from different perspectives. The philosophy of the body addresses the deepest essential problems of human society and culture, it generates a uniquely detailed analysis of human nature and its various roles and performances in social operations, and it reveals contemporary society’s operating mechanisms and deep internal contradictions. Accordingly, philosophy no longer gives the mind any priority or superiority in terms of cognition, and the focus of research has moved away from pure consciousness and towards the body. Contemporary philosophical exploration of the body covers both the concept of belongingness and the feasibility of bodily freedom. It not only foregrounds the impossibility of viewing the body and the mind as separate entities but also leads us to examine the connections between humans and the world, taking meaning, reason and the body as their basis. This paper explores the connections between body and thought in modern philosophy, traces the development of philosophy’s increasing concern with the body, elucidates the main contributions of representative figures in the field of philosophy of the body, and analyses the methodological significance and influence of the philosophy of the body as a contemporary philosophical trend.

scholarly journals "Nacinanie sykomory" - czyli jak badać chrześcijański wymiar dramatu i teatru XX wieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
20Th Century Literature ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Real Roots ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
The Bible ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The World

The paper approaches the problem of a research of a Christian dimension of literature and theatre in the period of the crisis of Christian anthropology, which has been deeply felt at the end of the 20th century. Destructive elements have appeared in the understanding of the history and the role which Christianity has played in the construction of the world. The fruits of the contemporary culture have become sour; they contradict achievements of humanism and create an entity which has been named by Pope John Paul II as the “culture of death”. A researcher of the 20th century literature and theatre in his/her attempt to reach to the source of these processes and reveal real roots of the European culture must make an “incision” with Logos or with “the Light of the Gospel” on the body of the work created by this culture. So, that, as a result of this “incision” the elements which poison it might be eliminated. In this way a transcendental dimension of the European culture could be revealed and a proper description could start; proper because it could undertake the type of anthropology which had been revealed in the Bible and later developed by Judaism and Christianity.

Integration of the FIFA 11 tool in knee physiotherapy in soccer: Bibliographic review. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Vega-Bayon Sr
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

BACKGROUND Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. FIFA 11 improves muscular strength most significantly, as well as the kinesthetic awareness of the body, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to analyse the efficacy and physiotherapy benefits of FIFA 11 for the prevention and treatment of knee injuries in soccer players. METHODS A search was carried out in different databases, and clinical trials of a more relevant nature were extracted. RESULTS The results of this study highlight that the application of FIFA 11 not only reduces the incidence of injuries but also produces a series of physiological changes in professional and/or amateur footballers, thanks to the various exercises in FIFA 11. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it can be concluded that a footballer should apply FIFA 11 to reduce the occurrence of possible knee injuries they may suffer.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM PADA IBU HAMIL DI KLINIK BIDAN SUPRIYATI SRIBIT BERBAH SLEMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Pramukti Dian Setianingrum ◽  
Farah Irmania Tsani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World

Backgroud: The World Health Organization (WHO) explained that the number of Hyperemesis Gravidarum cases reached 12.5% of the total number of pregnancies in the world and the results of the Demographic Survey conducted in 2007, stated that 26% of women with live births experienced complications. The results of the observations conducted at the Midwife Supriyati Clinic found that pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum, with a comparison of 10 pregnant women who examined their contents there were about 4 pregnant women who complained of excessive nausea and vomiting. Objective: to determine the hyperemesis Gravidarum of pregnant mother in clinic. Methods: This study used Qualitative research methods by using a case study approach (Case Study.) Result: The description of excessive nausea of vomiting in women with Hipermemsis Gravidarum is continuous nausea and vomiting more than 10 times in one day, no appetite or vomiting when fed, the body feels weak, blood pressure decreases until the body weight decreases and interferes with daily activities days The factors that influence the occurrence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum are Hormonal, Diet, Unwanted Pregnancy, and psychology, primigravida does not affect the occurrence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Conclusion: Mothers who experience Hyperemesis Gravidarum feel nausea vomiting continuously more than 10 times in one day, no appetite or vomiting when fed, the body feels weak, blood pressure decreases until the weight decreases and interferes with daily activities, it is because there are several factors, namely, hormonal actors, diet, unwanted pregnancy, and psychology.

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