scholarly journals THE RELEVANCE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS IN CORONAVIRUS IN SUSPECTED HUMAN CASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
NNODIM JOHNKENNEDY ◽  
EDWARD UKAMAKA ◽  
DUNGA KINGSLEY EXCEL ◽  
NJOKUOBI TREASURE ◽  
NJOKU CHUKWUDI JOSEPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Serology Test ◽  
The Common

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus. It leads to respiratory illness with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. One can be protected by washing hands regularly, avoiding touching your face, and avoiding close contact with individuals who are unhealthy. It is transmitted through contact with an infected individual when they cough or sneeze. It could be transmitted when an individual touches a surface or object that has the virus on it, then touches the eyes, nose, or mouth. Some laboratory test to diagnose covid-19 includes real-time RT-PCR primer and probe and CDC serology test. It is very necessary that covid-19 is diagnosed for accurate treatment and management.

scholarly journals PENULARAN DAN PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI KALANGAN SISWA SMA SANTA MARIA MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Ade Pryta Simaremare
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Private High School ◽  
Santa Maria

Abstrak Coronavirus adalah keluarga besar virus yang menyebabkan penyakit mulai dari gejala ringan sampai berat. Penambahan jumlah kasus COVID-19 berlangsung cukup cepat dan sudah terjadi penyebaran antar negara. Berdasarkan bukti ilmiah, COVID-19 dapat menular dari manusia ke manusia melalui percikan batuk/bersin (droplet), tidak melalui udara. Rekomendasi standar untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi adalah melalui cuci tangan secara teratur menggunakan sabun dan air bersih, menerapkan etika batuk dan bersin, menghindari kontak secara langsung dengan ternak dan hewan liar serta menghindari kontak dekat dengan siapapun  yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit pernapasan seperti batuk dan bersin. Pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa penyuluhan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan yang benar mengenai COVID-19, penularan dan pencegahannya kepada para pelajar di SMA Swasta Santa Maria Medan sehingga diharapkan akan membantu dalam memutuskan mata rantai penularan COVID-19 yang semakin meraja lela. Abstract Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. The increase in the number of COVID-19 cases is happening fast enough and there has been a spread between countries. Based on scientific evidence, COVID-19 can be transmitted from human to human through droplets, not through the air. Standard recommendations for preventing the spread of infection are regular hand washing with soap and clean water, practicing coughing and sneezing, avoiding direct contact with livestock and wild animals and avoiding close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing. This community service is in the form of counseling that aims to provide correct information and knowledge about COVID-19, its transmission and prevention to students at Santa Maria Medan Private High School so it is hoped that it will help in breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission which is increasingly rampant.

scholarly journals An inhaler, syrup, drug and a vaccine for curing COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
S. Kalimuthu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Corona Viruses

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A novel corona virus (Co V) is a new strain of corona virus that has not been previously identified in humans. Corona viruses can be transmitted from person to person, usually after close contact with an infected patient. There is no specific treatment for disease caused by a novel corona virus. In this Hypothesis, the author proposes an alternative herbal inhaler, syrup, drug and a vaccine for curing Covid-19.

scholarly journals Laboratory investigation of the first suspected human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Bulgaria

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hadzhiolova ◽  
S Pavlova ◽  
R Kotseva
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
H5n1 Influenza

Reports of human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus have received increased public attention because of the potential for the emergence of a pandemic strain. In the end of 2005 and the beginning of 2006, avian influenza A(H5N1) virus caused outbreaks among domestic poultry and was isolated from wild swans in many European countries, including Bulgaria. Between January and March 2006, samples were collected from 26 patients who had been in close contact with ill or dead birds and developed a subsequent respiratory illness. The testing took place at the National Laboratory of Influenza in Sofia. Specific ?(H5N1) assays were applied for screening (Sacace RT-PCR and real-time kit). Avian flu ?(H5N1) virus was not detected in any of the patients tested. In three patients, human subtype ?(H1N1) influenza virus, identifiable by RT-PCR was isolated and further characterized by hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT). The reliability of the molecular assays used in this investigation was demonstrated in an International Quality Control for Human and Avian ?(H5N1) Influenza performed later in 2006 by INSTAND (Society for Promotion of Quality Assurance in the Medical Laboratories), Germany.

Cold, Cough, and Allergy Medications: Uses and Abuses

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Murray L. Katcher
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Separately or in combination, antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants are used to treat the cough and rhinitis symptoms of the common cold and of allergies. Each year, Americans spend 1 to 2 billion dollars on cough and cold remedies and lose more than 26 million school days and 23 million work days because of rhinitis and associated symptoms. Studies have shown that antihistamines and decongestants are efficacious in the treatment of allergy symptoms, but the results of studies are mixed regarding their efficacy in the treatment of symptoms of the common cold, and studies show no effect in prevention or treatment of otitis media. Some review articles and consensus opinions do not recommend the use of these drugs in the common cold (especially in preschool children), although some studies have demonstrated symptomatic relief, and physicians continue to prescribe or recommend these drugs for respiratory illness more than 36 million times annually. The Common Cold More than 200 million cases of acute upper respiratory infection (URI) occur each year in the United States, and more than 75 million are seen by physicians. URIs account for 23 million missed work days and 26 million missed school days. This is the second most common diagnosis made by office-based pediatricians, second only to otitis media.

Household Bird Ownership is Associated with Respiratory Illness among Young Children in Urban Bangladesh (CHoBI7 Program)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Parvin ◽  
Elizabeth D. Thomas ◽  
Kelly Endres ◽  
Daniel Leung ◽  
Bhuyian Sazzadul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Difficulty Breathing

There is limited evidence on the association between animal ownership and respiratory illness among young children in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we examined the association between animal ownership and respiratory illness among children younger than 5 years of age enrolled in a prospective cohort study in urban Bangladesh. This prospective cohort study enrolled 884 participants younger than 5 years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. At baseline, trained research assistants administered caregivers of children younger than 5 years of age a questionnaire on household animal ownership. Animal ownership was defined as owning chickens, birds other than chickens, cats, and dogs. Respiratory surveillance was conducted monthly for children based on caregiver-reported coughing, rapid breathing, and difficult breathing in the past 2 weeks during the 12-month study period. At baseline, 48% of children (424 of 884) had reports of coughing, 5% (40 of 884) had difficulty breathing, 3% (25 of 884) had rapid breathing, and 49% (431 of 884) had reports of any of these three respiratory symptoms. Seventeen percent of children (151 of 884) resided in a household that owned an animal. Children residing in households reporting bird ownership had a significantly greater odds of coughing (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.28) and any of the three respiratory symptoms in the past 2 weeks (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.28). Household bird ownership was associated with respiratory illness in young children. These findings suggest that interventions aiming at reducing young children’s exposure to domestic animals should extend to include birds other than chickens.

scholarly journals Environmental and social determinants of acute rheumatic fever: a longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Cannon ◽  
M. Abouzeid ◽  
N. de Klerk ◽  
C. Dibben ◽  
J. R. Carapetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Large Family ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractAcute rheumatic fever (ARF), an auto-immune response to a group AStreptococcusinfection and precursor to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), remains endemic in many socio-economically disadvantaged settings. A Global Resolution on ARF and RHD was recently adopted at the 71st World Health Assembly where governments committed to improving efforts to prevent and control ARF and RHD. To inform these efforts, the objectives of this study were to examine associations between childhood ARF in the UK between 1958 and 1969 and a range of environmental and social factors. Of 17 416 children from the nationally representative birth cohort of the National Child Development Study, ARF was reported in 23 children during early childhood (between birth and the 7-year follow-up) and in 29 additional children during middle childhood (between the 7- and 11-year follow-ups). Risk factors associated with ARF in both early and middle childhood were: a large family size; attendance at a private nursery or class; a history of nephritis, kidney or urinary tract infections; and a history of throat or ear infections. Risk factors for ARF in early childhood alone were families with fathers in a professional or semi-professional occupation and families who moved out of their local neighbourhood. Risk factors in late childhood alone included overcrowding and free school meals. These data suggest that prevention strategies in ARF endemic settings may be enhanced by targeting, for example, new members entering a community and children in environments of close contact, such as a nursery or shared bedrooms.

Mother-Young Interactions in the Common Seal, Phoca Vitulina Vitulina

Behaviour ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Strangford Lough ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe mother-young relationship of the common seal Phoca vitulina in Strangford Lough, N.E. Ireland, lasted about three weeks. Mothers with young were most active during the first two hours of the ebb, and also they spent more time in the water when the ebb occurred towards evening than in the morning. Characteristic behaviour in the water included (i) the mother guiding the pup and maintaining close contact with it (ii) playing, and (iii) the pup sleeping at the surface with the mother close by. Progressive changes in the relationship included a slight decrease in time spent by the mother in guiding the pup, a slight increase in time spent close together, an increase in time spent at a considerable distance apart, and an increase in time spent by the pup sleeping at the surface. Throughout the suckling period the mother controlled the onset of suckling, but rarely terminated it. Throughout, also, the pup broke contact the most, while the mother re-established contact the most. Just before weaning, mothers left their pups for long periods, the separation sometimes terminating a play bout.

A Tale of Two Cities: Community Psychobehavioral Surveillance and Related Impact on Outbreak Control in Hong Kong and Singapore During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Epidemic

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Leung ◽  
Stella Quah ◽  
Lai-Ming Ho ◽  
Sai-Yin Ho ◽  
Anthony J. Hedley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

AbstractObjectives:To compare the public's knowledge and perception of SARS and the extent to which various precautionary measures were adopted in Hong Kong and Singapore.Design:Cross-sectional telephone survey of 705 Hong Kong and 1,201 Singapore adults selected by random-digit dialing.Results:Hong Kong respondents had significantly higher anxiety than Singapore respondents (State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI] score, 2.06 vs 1.77; P < .001). The former group also reported more frequent headaches, difficulty breathing, dizziness, rhinorrhea, and sore throat. More than 90% in both cities were willing to be quarantined if they had close contact with a SARS case, and 70% or more would be compliant for social contacts. Most respondents (86.7% in Hong Kong vs 71.4% in Singapore; P < .001) knew that SARS could be transmitted via respiratory droplets, although fewer (75.8% in Hong Kong vs 62.1% in Singapore; P < .001) knew that fomites were also a possible transmission source. Twenty-three percent of Hong Kong and 11.9% of Singapore respondents believed that they were “very likely” or “somewhat likely” to contract SARS during the current outbreak (P < .001). There were large differences between Hong Kong and Singapore in the adoption of personal precautionary measures. Respondents with higher levels of anxiety, better knowledge about SARS, and greater risk perceptions were more likely to take comprehensive precautionary measures against the infection, as were older, female, and more educated individuals.Conclusion:Comparative psychobehavioral surveillance and analysis could yield important insights into generic versus population-specific issues that could be used to inform, design, and evaluate public health infection control policy measures.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus in poultry, with special emphasis on methicillin-resistant strain infection: A comprehensive review from one health perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
And Control

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus normally present on the skin and internal organs of animals, birds, and humans. Under certain conditions, S. aureus could produce septicemia and affection of the skin, joints, and heart, as well as sepsis and death. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is associated with the presence of some virulent surface proteins and the production of some virulent toxins and enzymes. This pathogen is considered one of the most important and worldwide foodborne causes as it is incriminated in most cases of food poisoning. The hazardous use of antibiotics in the veterinary field leads to the development of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains that can be transmitted to humans. The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has increased globally. These resistant strains have been detected in live animals, poultry, and humans. In addition, retail animal products, especially those of avian origin, are considered the main source of MRSA strains that can be easily transmitted to humans. MRSA infection is regarded as nosocomial or occupational. Humans get infected with MRSA strains through improper handling or preparation of contaminated animals or poultry carcasses or improper cooking with contaminated meat. Live birds also can transmit MRSA to close-contact workers in poultry farms. Transmission of MRSA infection in hospitals is from an infected individual to a healthy one. Prevention and control of MRSA are based on the application of hygienic measures in farms as well as proper processing, handling, and cooking of retail poultry products. The cooperation between veterinary and human practitioners is a must to avoid the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Accordingly, this review focused on the sources and transmission of MRSA infection, virulence and resistance factors, incidence and prevalence in poultry and different products, antibiotic resistance, and prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Covid-19: The Wuhan Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Tooba Masood
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Prevention Guidelines

Coronavirus belongs to a large family of viruses that usually cause respiratory illness in human beings that can be mild and severe depending upon the strain. In 2002, the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) reported more than 8000 infected cases with 774 mortalities. In 2012, the outbreak of MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) infected around 2494 people and 858 deaths were reported according to the WHO. In January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus named 2019-nCoV has been identified in China. The number of confirmed cases has been increasing reaching 5,593,631 cases worldwide with 353,334 deaths up till 28th May 2020 according to WHO situation report-129. Concerned authorities are working on minimizing its spread. Prevention guidelines have been released by WHO, hoping to control the transmission and save the world from the effects of this novel virus.

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