scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE PRODUCED FROM α-CELLULOSE BETUNG BAMBOO (DENDROCALAMUS ASPER) AND IT’S EVALUATION ON GEL FORMULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD HERPI AKBAR ◽  
HARMITA ◽  
HERMAN SURYADI
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Objective: This study aim to obtain the optimum condition of preparation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) produced from α-cellulose betung bamboo, physicochemical properties of HPMC powder and its characteristics in a gel formulation. Methods: HPMC of betung bamboo (HPMC BB) were optimized by central composite design (CCD) using three variables (sodium hydroxide concentration, dimethyl sulfate concentration, and temperature) and five levels (0,±1, and±α). The suggested optimum condition was subjected to further characterization. HPMC BB was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, particle size analyzer (PSA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared to HPMC 60SH as the reference. Then, HPMC BB was used as a gelling agent in a gel formulation and the gel was evaluated, including appearance and homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. Results: Optimum condition of preparation of HPMC BB was using sodium hydroxide 27.68% (w/v) and 1.26 ml dimethyl sulfate (based on 1 g α-cellulose) at 58.11 °C which resulted in molar substitution 0.21 and degree of substitution 2.09. The results showed that HPMC BB was a fine powder with yellowish-white color, odorless and tasteless, pH 7.02, residue on ignition 1.39%, methoxy groups content 28.56%, hydroxypropoxy groups content 7.09%, mean particle size 98.595 μm, loss on drying 3.62%, and moisture content 7.47%. Flow properties of HPMC BB classified in the fair category. The infrared spectrum and diffraction patterns were relatively similar to HPMC 60SH. The gel has a good homogeneity and spreadability and viscosity 142.5 mPa⋅s. pH 6.37. Conclusion: Based on the comparison to reference, HPMC BB showed relatively similar physicochemical and powder properties. However, HPMC BB is not recommended as a gelling agent in gel formulation because it has a low viscosity.

scholarly journals Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Serbuk Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Teguh Imanto ◽  
Roseh Prasetiawan ◽  
Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Oil In Water

Aloe vera L. contains antiseptic saponins and anthraquinone complexes as antibacterial. This research was conducted to formulate aloe vera powder into nanoemulgel, characterize and test its physical properties, and to know the effect of gelling agent concentration (carbopol and chitosan) on nanoemulgel. Emulsion type used is oil in water (O / W) with surfactant tween 80 and co-surfactant propylene glycol. Nanoemulsion is characterized by percent of transmittance with UV-Vis spectrophotometer, also potential droplet and zeta size distribution with Particle Size Analyzer. Hydrogels consist of 4 combination formulas of carbopol 0.5%; 1%; 1.5%; 2% and 0.3% chitosan. The formula is tested for physical properties including organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity and stability with freeze thaw method. The results showed that the nanoemulsion droplet size was 65.05nm ± 13.49 with zeta potential of -0.1mV and the percent of transmittance above 98%. The result of physical properties of the four formulas shows that the different gelling agent concentration gives different physical properties of viscosity and spreadability. Overall, formula 3 has the best physical properties and physical stability compared to formula 1, 2 and 4.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN – EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriawan Rismana ◽  
Susi Kusumaningrum ◽  
Olivia Bunga P ◽  
Idah Rosidah ◽  
Marhamah Marhamah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Solvent Residue ◽  
Mold And Yeast

The chitosan – Garcinia Mangostana extract nanoparticles has been prepared by ionic gelation reaction by mixture 0.2 % chitosan solution in acetic acid with Garcinia Mangostana extract and it’s continued by reaction process with 0.1 % sodium tripolyphosphate. The particle size of material was determined by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) that it showed in the range of 200 – 500 nm. The color, pH, water, α- mangostin, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, totally microbe aerobic, totally mold and yeast, and solvent residue contents of nanoparticles were also examined by many methods that these resulted are yellow, 4.50 – 5.50, 89 – 90 %, 1.05 %, < 0.005 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.05 ppm, < 10 CFU/g, < 10 CFU/g and not detected, respectively. The other characterization was also observed that it’sincluded stability andTLC chromatogram. A mixture of nanoparticles with cosmetics bases was showed that it’s increased stability, homogeneity and easy to formed.

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Menjadi Nanopartikel Monmorillonit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimahwati Zaimahwati ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati ◽  
Ramzi Jalal ◽  
Syahman Zhafiri ◽  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara.  Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes.  The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>

scholarly journals Investigating the Feasibility of Mefenamic Acid Nanosuspension for Pediatric Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Role of Excipients

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Nikhat Perween ◽  
Sultan Alshehri ◽  
T. S. Easwari ◽  
Vivek Verma ◽  
Md. Faiyazuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mefenamic Acid ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Antisolvent Precipitation

Molecules with poor aqueous solubility are difficult to formulate using conventional approaches and are associated with many formulation delivery issues. To overcome these obstacles, nanosuspension technology can be one of the promising approaches. Hence, in this study, the feasibility of mefenamic acid (MA) oral nanosuspension was investigated for pediatric delivery by studying the role of excipients and optimizing the techniques. Nanosuspensions of MA were prepared by adopting an antisolvent precipitation method, followed by ultrasonication with varying concentrations of polymers, surfactants, and microfluidics. The prepared nanosuspensions were evaluated for particle size, morphology, and rheological measures. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with varying concentrations and different stabilizers including Tween® 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS) were used to restrain the particle size growth of the developed nanosuspension. The optimized nanosuspension formula was stable for more than 3 weeks and showed a reduced particle size of 510 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.329. It was observed that the type and ratio of polymer stabilizers were responsive on the particle contour and dimension and stability. We have developed a biologically compatible oral nanoformulation for a first-in-class drug beautifully designed for pediatric delivery that will be progressed toward further in vivo enabling studies. Finally, the nanosuspension could be considered a promising carrier for pediatric delivery of MA through the oral route with enhanced biological impact.

A Simple Dissolved Metals Mixing Route to Prepare Nanostructured Mg0.8Zn0.2TiO3 Solid Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Ulfah Ermawati ◽  
Suasmoro Suasmoro ◽  
Suminar Pratapa
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Zn Ions

A study of liquid mixing route to synthesize high purity Mg0.8Zn0.2TiO3 nanopowder, a candidate dielectric ceramics, has been successfully performed. Formation of the phases on the dried powder was studied using TG/DTA, XRD and FT-IR data. Rietveld analysis on the collected XRD patterns confirmed the formation of solid solution in the system. Such solid solution can be obtained from the powder calcined at 500 °C, but calcination at 550 °C gave rise to the most optimum molar purity up to 98.5% without intermediate phases. The role of Zn ions on the formation of solid solution was also discussed. Homogeneity of particle size distribution and nano-crystallinity of the system was verified from the particle size analyzer data, TEM image and the Rietveld analysis output.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata) PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI KOMPOSISI KITOSAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessy Kurniasari ◽  
Sri Atun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat dan mengetahui karakteristik nanopartikel dari ekstrak etanol temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) dan rasio optimal variasi konsentrasi kitosan dan NaTPP dalam pembuatan nanopartikel temu kunci.            Pembuatan ekstrak temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol teknis 96% dilanjutkan evaporasi hingga terbentuk ekstrak kental temu kunci. Koloid nanopartikel dibuat dengan mencampurkan ekstrak temu kunci dalam etanol p.a, akuades, larutan kitosan dalam asam asetat glasial, dan larutan NaTPP. Ada 9 variasi komposisi antara larutan kitosan dan  NaTPP yakni rasio (5:1); (10:1); (15:1); (20:1); (3,33:1); (8:1); (9:1); (11:1); dan (12:1). Padatan dalam koloid nanopartikel dipisahkan dengan cara sentrifugasi. Endapan yang didapatkan disimpan dalam freezer. Koloid nanopartikel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) dan Zeta Sizeruntuk mengetahui ukuran partikel dan nilai zeta potensial. Padatan yang didapatkan dari proses sentrifugasi selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) untuk mengetahui kondisi morfologi padatan tersebut. Karakterisasi dengan KLT pada padatan yang didapatkan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesamaan kandungan senyawa antara ekstrak etanol temu kunci dan ekstrak etanol temu kunci dalam sediaan berukuran nano.            Koloid nanopartikel yang telah dibuat berwarna kuning dan setelah di sentrifugasi terbentuk padatan berwarna kuning kecokelatan. Karakterisasi menggunakan PSA menunjukkan ukuran partikel pada rentang 389-877 nm sebanyak 98,1% pada rasio konsentrasi kitosan dan NaTPP = (8:1). Nilai rerata zeta potensial adalah 41,87 mV. Hasil foto SEM menunjukkan morfologi partikel yang memiliki permukaan yang tidak rata. Rf keenam sampel menunjukkan hasil bahwa senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol temu kunci maupun ekstrak etanol temu kunci dalam sediaan nanopartikel adalah sama. Kata Kunci : kitosan, NaTPP, ekstrak etanol temu kunci, KLT, SEM, PSA, zeta sizer

Optimal Physical Pretreatment Conditions for the Release of Carbohydrate and Protein from Dairy Manure

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Jian Ping Sun ◽  
Jun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Various physical factors including particle size, pH, temperature and so on may influence the release of organic materials from dry dairy manure. The effect of these factors on release of protein and carbohydrate was investigated in this study using Box-Behnken Experimental Design with three factors (particle size, temperature and pH) at three levels. Test results suggested that particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm accounted for almost half of the dry manure particles and the optimum condition for release of protein and carbohydrate were pH 2, particle size 1.0-1.4 mm under reaction temperature of 90 oC, under which the protein and carbohydrate release rates could reach 1570.57 and 2813.29 mg l-1, respectively. The degree to which these factors affected organics release was in the order from high to low of temperature > particle size > pH.

A comparative study of particle size analysis in fine powder: The effect of a polycomponent particulate system

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heekyu Choi ◽  
Woong Lee ◽  
Dong-Uk Kim ◽  
Shalendra Kumar ◽  
Jonghak Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Particulate System

Fe3O4 Magnetic Preparation by Bauxite Ore Washing Fine Mud

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Jian Qiang Xiao ◽  
Guo Wei He ◽  
Yan Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

Bauxite waste sludge as a raw material, the use of reverse chemical coprecipitation synthesize Fe3O4. Researching temperature, precipitation concentration, aging time and Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio effect on the particle size, morphology. Optimal experimental conditions: temperature 70 °C, the precipitant NaOH mass ratio of 10%, aging time 3h, Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio of 2:3. Test methods using a laser particle size analyzer, XRD analysis of the products were characterized, the product is Fe3O4, the average particle size of 0.11mm.

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