scholarly journals Early change in peripheral CD4+ T cells associated with clinical outcomes of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer

Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yanni Wang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Xi Jiao ◽  
Jianling Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Early Change ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subset ◽  
Deficient Mismatch Repair

Biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are limited in gastrointestinal cancer. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset and associated dynamic changes were retrospectively analyzed in patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated with ICIs. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted for survival. A total of 80 patients were enrolled. Baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cells were lower in patients who experienced tumor progression by 6 months than in patients who did not (1.160 ± 0.652 vs 1.705 ± 0.924, respectively; p = 0.003). In multivariate analyses, decline in CD4+ T cells after the first dose of ICIs (CD4-C1-decline) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio: 13.00; 95% CI: 2.24–75.54; p = 0.004). Furthermore, CD4-C1-decline was a preferable indicator for progression in patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high (p = 0.027). Early change in CD4+ T cell counts in peripheral blood may act as a prognostic biomarker for gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with ICIs.

scholarly journals Comparison of leucocyte profiles between healthy children and those with asymptomatic and symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ahu Prah ◽  
Linda Eva Amoah ◽  
Matthew P. Gibbins ◽  
Yaw Bediako ◽  
Aubrey J. Cunnington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Peripheral Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocyte ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The immune mechanisms that determine whether a Plasmodium falciparum infection would be symptomatic or asymptomatic are not fully understood. Several studies have been carried out to characterize the associations between disease outcomes and leucocyte numbers. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in adults with acute uncomplicated malaria, despite children being the most vulnerable group. Methods Peripheral blood leucocyte subpopulations were characterized in children with acute uncomplicated (symptomatic; n = 25) or asymptomatic (n = 67) P. falciparum malaria, as well as malaria-free (uninfected) children (n = 16) from Obom, a sub-district of Accra, Ghana. Leucocyte subpopulations were enumerated by flow cytometry and correlated with two measures of parasite load: (a) plasma levels of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) as a proxy for parasite biomass and (b) peripheral blood parasite densities determined by microscopy. Results In children with symptomatic P. falciparum infections, the proportions and absolute cell counts of total (CD3 +) T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B cells and CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly lower as compared to asymptomatic P. falciparum-infected and uninfected children. Notably, CD15 + neutrophil proportions and cell counts were significantly increased in symptomatic children. There was no significant difference in the proportions and absolute counts of CD14 + monocytes amongst the three study groups. As expected, measures of parasite load were significantly higher in symptomatic cases. Remarkably, PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities negatively correlated with both the proportions and absolute numbers of peripheral leucocyte subsets: CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, CD19 + B, CD56 + NK, γδ + T and CD11c + cells. In contrast, both PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities positively correlated with the proportions and absolute numbers of CD15 + cells. Conclusions Symptomatic P. falciparum infection is correlated with an increase in the levels of peripheral blood neutrophils, indicating a role for this cell type in disease pathogenesis. Parasite load is a key determinant of peripheral cell numbers during malaria infections.

scholarly journals IMMU-18. IMMUNOGENOMIC RESPONDER PHENOTYPE FROM A PHASE I TRIAL OF ANTI-LAG3 OR ANTI-CD137 ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH ANTI-PD-1 IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GBM

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi122-vi123
Author(s):  
Christina Jackson ◽  
John Choi ◽  
JiaJia Zhang ◽  
Anna Piotrowski ◽  
Tobias Walbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Initial Resection

Abstract BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not uniformly effective in glioblastoma treatment. Immunogenomic determinants may identify patients who are most likely to benefit from these therapies. Therefore, we compared the immunogenomic phenotype of a responder to combination anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 therapy to non-responders. METHODS We performed T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and gene expression analysis on pre-treatment, post-chemoradiation, and post-immunotherapy tumor specimens of glioblastoma patients treated with anti-LAG3 in combination with anti-PD-1 after first recurrence (NCT02658981, ongoing). We evaluated T cell clonotypes and immunophenotype of serially collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during treatment using multi-parametric flow cytometry. RESULTS To date, six patients have been enrolled in the initial anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 cohort. One patient demonstrated complete response, one had stable disease, and four had progressive disease by radiographic evaluation. The responder demonstrated substantially higher TCR clonality in the resected tumor at initial diagnosis compared to non-responders (mean 0.028 vs. 0.005). Shared tumor infiltrating clonotypes with pre-immunotherapy PBMCs exhibited an increase in frequency from initial resection (6.8%) to resection at recurrence (20%). The responder’s tumor at initial resection exhibited increased gene signatures of PD1low CD8+ T cells, chemokine signaling, and interferon gamma pathways. On PBMC phenotypic analysis, the responder demonstrated significantly higher percentages of CD137+ CD8+T cells (median 8.38% vs 3.24%, p=0.02) and lower percentages of Foxp3+CD137+ CD4+T cells compared to non-responders (median 18.5% vs. 38.5%, p=0.006). Interestingly, dynamic analysis of PBMCs showed that the responder demonstrated a lower percentage of PD1+ CD8+ T cells pre-immunotherapy (median 2.5% vs.12.4%, p=0.002), with persistent decrease over the course of treatment while non-responders showed no consistent pattern. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results demonstrate significant differences in tumor and peripheral blood immunogenomic characteristics between responder and non-responders to anti-LAG3 and anti-PD-1 therapy. These immunogenomic characteristics may help stratify patients’ response to combination ICIs.

Early Recovery of Thymus-Derived Naïve T Cells in Pediatric Patients (pts) Treated with Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (NMSCT) for Cancer.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 310-310
Author(s):  
Terry J. Fry ◽  
Alison R. Rager ◽  
Frances Hakim ◽  
Cynthia Love ◽  
Paula Layton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Immune Recovery ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Thymic Function ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Current SCT approaches consistently achieve rapid donor myeloid engraftment, but delayed immune recovery remains a significant obstacle and results in increased risk of infection and relapse. T cells are regenerated via 2 pathways, thymus-derived and peripheral expansion, processes for which IL-7 is critical. We postulated that non-myeloablative pre-transplant conditioning might preserve thymic function in pediatric SCT recipients thus enhancing thymus-derived naïve T cell regeneration. Methods: We analyzed T cell subsets, T cell receptor excision circles (TREC), and IL-7 levels in peripheral blood after SCT in 21 pediatric pts with high-risk malignancies (median age 14, range 4–21). Fludarabine-based induction chemotherapy was administered for disease control and targeted CD4 count reduction. Pre-transplant conditioning consisted of cyclophosphamide (1,200 mg/m2/day) and fludarabine (30 mg/m2/day) × 4 days plus melphalan (100 mg/m2 × 1 dose in sarcoma pts). Grafts consisted of G-CSF mobilized unmodified peripheral blood stem cells from 5–6/6 HLA-matched first-degree relatives (median CD34 dose 11.7 × 10E6/kg, range 4.4–19.1; median CD3 dose 416 × 10E6/kg, range 228–815). Cyclosporine was used for GVHD prophylaxis. Results: Donor-derived engraftment was rapid (absolute neutrophil count > 500/uL median day 9, range 8–11). Complete donor lymphoid chimerism (>95% by VNTR-PCR on CD3 sorted peripheral blood) was achieved in all by day 28. Immune recovery was brisk and sustained. Substantial numbers of naïve (CD45RA+/CD62L+) CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were detected at day 28 (Fig 1). There was a steady increase in TREC from 3 to 12 months consistent with early, robust thymic-dependant T cell generation (Fig 2). This was not seen in adult pts treated on a parallel trial (data not shown). IL-7 levels were elevated and inversely correlated with T cell counts (r=−0.56, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Targeted immune depletion and NMSCT results in rapid, sustained immune reconstitution in pediatric pts with malignancy. Preserved thymic function appears to contribute to naïve T cell recovery in this setting. We postulate that non-myeloablative conditioning is thymus sparing and that this, in combination with immune depletion-induced IL-7 elevation, promotes early thymic-derived lymphoid recovery. This approach may serve as a strategy to overcome the prolonged immunodeficiency commonly encountered after allogeneic SCT in pediatrics and might be used as a platform to direct allogeneic anti-tumor immune responses in high-risk childhood cancers. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2.

Detection and characterization of apoptotic peripheral blood lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer chemotherapy by a novel flow immunocytometric method

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1268-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Carbonari ◽  
M Cibati ◽  
M Cherchi ◽  
D Sbarigia ◽  
AM Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

We have developed a quantitative and sensitive flow cytometric method for the detection of human apoptotic lymphocytes that, unlike previously described assays, allows their identification in mixed populations of peripheral blood leukocytes as well as their immunophenotyping. Apoptotic lymphocytes are identified on the basis of peculiar light scatter changes, reflecting their smaller size and their modified nucleus/cytoplasm organization, and of the decreased expression of surface CD45 molecules. Based on these criteria, apoptotic lymphocytes generated by exposure to ionizing radiation can be easily distinguished from viable cells and from necrotic lymphocytes generated by treatment with antibody and complement. Using this assay, we reappraised the phenomenon of the in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lymphocytes from HIV patients, unlike those from normal HIV-negative subjects, undergo apoptosis upon simple in vitro culture. We found that the percentages of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis were significantly higher in patients with low CD4 cell counts (< 400/microL) than in patients at earlier stages (> 400 CD4 cells/microL). However, phenotypic analysis disclosed that apoptotic lymphocytes generated in these cultures were mostly CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Thus, in contrast to what has been previously suggested, the phenomenon of in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis might not be pathogenetically related to the depletion of CD4+ T cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nevertheless, it might represent an useful marker of disease progression. Our assay allows the analysis of unfractionated peripheral blood leukocytes and thus the identification of apoptotic lymphocytes circulating in vivo. Apoptotic lymphocytes could indeed be detected in the circulation of a patient with cancer shortly after high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy. By contrast, no apoptotic lymphocytes could be detected in vivo in patients with early or advanced HIV infection.

Quantification of immune response after dual checkpoint inhibition in a microsatellite stable model of colorectal cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
William M. Kamp ◽  
Hong-Jai Park ◽  
Ryan J. Slovak ◽  
Johannes M. Ludwig ◽  
Insoo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Deficient Mismatch Repair ◽  
To Receive

160 Background: Checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical impact in colorectal cancer with deficient mismatch repair (MMR) and high microsatellite instability. However, most patients have disease with stable microsatellites and typically respond poorly to most immunotherapies. The purpose of this study was to quantify the immune responses induced by mono versus dual immune checkpoint blockade (DICB) in a MMR proficient model of colorectal cancer. Methods: A MMR proficient model of colorectal cancer was established in 30 BALB/c mice via bilateral subcutaneous flank injections of 0.5x106 CT26.WT murine colorectal cancer cells (CRL- 2638; ATCC, Manassas, VA). Mice were assigned to receive either sham antibodies (InVivoMAb IgG controls), monotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies (Clone J43; BioXcell, West Lebanon, NH, USA), or DICB with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-1 antibodies (Clone 9D9; BioXcell). Tumor growth was monitored over time and mice were sacrificed at either 7 or 14 days post-treatment. Single cell suspensions of harvested tumors and spleens were analyzed using FACS. The number of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as the expression of co-inhibitory surface molecules PD-1, LAG3, and TIM3 was quantified in each sample. Results: DICB was associated with a reduction in tumor volume as compared to either mono PD-1 inhibition or control (p < 0.05). Neither monotherapy nor DICB significantly affected tumor infiltration by lymphocytes. Tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in the DICB treatment group demonstrated less expression of PD-1 and LAG3 compared to the control and monotherapy groups (PD-1: 1723±90.5 [Mean fluorescence intensity ± SEM] vs 2489±119.9 & 2404±117.9; p < 0.05) (LAG3: 453.8±21.58 vs 664.1±53.21 & 719.7±14.25; p < 0.05). The DICB group also showed increased expression of TIM3 (11,779±1271 vs 2832±380.9 & 4081±426.6; p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest dual therapy with anti-CTLA and anti-PD-1 antibodies inhibits the growth of stable microsatellite colorectal cancer by suppressing key immunosuppressive checkpoints. Upregulation of TIM3 represents a potential escape mechanism that could be a target for future combination immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Identification of a N6-Methyladenosine (m6A)-Related lncRNA Signature for Predicting the Prognosis and Immune Landscape of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyin Weng ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
Guolong Liu ◽  
Mingmei Guan ◽  
Lin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Backgroundm6A-related lncRNAs emerged as potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify m6A-regulated lncRNAs in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients.Materials and MethodsRNA sequencing and the clinical data of LUSC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The m6A-related lncRNAs were identified by using Pearson correlation assay. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to construct a risk model. The performance of the risk model was validated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Immune estimation of LUSC was downloaded from TIMER, and the correlations between the risk score and various immune cells infiltration were analyzed using various methods. Differences in immune functions and expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors and m6A regulators between high-risk and low-risk groups were further explored. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were utilized to explore the biological functions of AL122125.1.ResultsA total of 351 m6A-related lncRNAs were obtained from TCGA. Seven lncRNAs demonstrated prognostic values. A further multivariate Cox regression assay constructed a risk model consisting of two lncRNAs (AL122125.1 and HORMAD2-AS1). The Kaplan–Meier analysis and area under the curve indicated that this risk model could be used to predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. The m6A-related lncRNAs were immune-associated. There were significant correlations between risk score and immune cell infiltration, immune functions, and expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in the expression of m6A regulators between the high- and low-risk groups. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the upregulated expression of AL122125.1 was tumor-related.ConclusionIn this study, we constructed an m6A-related lncRNA risk model to predict the survival of LUSC patients. This study could provide a novel insight to the prognosis and treatment of LUSC patients.

scholarly journals NKG2C+CD57+ Natural Killer Cells May Play an Important Role in Maintaining Virus-Specific Immune Reconstitution Post-Allogeneic HSCT

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3327-3327
Author(s):  
Debora Queiros ◽  
Susanne Luther-Wolf ◽  
Eva M Weissinger ◽  
Arnold Ganser
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cmv Reactivation

Abstract Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for malignant hematological diseases in adults. Due to the delayed immune reconstitution after HSCT, human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can reactivate, leading to prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity and even mortality. Natural Killer (NK) cells have recently been described to undergo persistent reconfiguration in response to CMV-reactivation. Here we analyzed the presence and expansion of CMV-specific NK cells in patients after allogeneic HSCT. Methods: A multicolor flow cytometry panel for monitoring the CMV-specific NK cell (NKG2C+CD57+) reconstitution and expression of activating receptors was established. Reconstitution of CMV-specific NK cells was assessed in peripheral blood samples from 67 CMV-seropositive patients. The samples were collected and analyzed between day 0 and 100 post-HSCT at intervals of 7-10 days. Monitoring of CMV-reactivation by CMV-pp65 expression and reconstitution of CMV-specific T cells (CMV-CTLs) was done routinely in our laboratory, using 7 commercially available, certified CMV-tetramers, allowing for comparison of CMV-CTL and NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells. For further immunological tests, PBMCs from CMV-seropositive healthy volunteers were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. NK cells were negatively selected by magnetic bead separation. Additional purification of NKG2C+CD57+ NK cellswas achieved by cell sorting. Selected NK cells were expanded by co-culture with irradiated allogeneic PBMCs as feeder cells and the medium was supplemented with PHA and IL-2. Expanded CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells were KIR-typed. Results: Our patient cohort consisted of 67 patients after allogeneic HSCT with a median age of 59 years (range: 20-75). Forty-two patients (62.7%) were transplanted for acute leukemia, 54 (80.6%) received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and 62 (92.5%) received anti-thymocyte-antibodies globulin (ATG). GvHD-prophylaxis was cyclosporine A (CsA) in combination with mycophenolate motefil (MMF) for 82.1% of the patients and 77.6% were transplanted from matched donors. Thirty-three (49.2%) patients reactivated CMV (median age: 59.5 years, range 28-75; median day of reactivation: 38 days post-HSCT, range: 19-54). A significant increase in the absolute cell counts of NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells was observed after CMV reactivation, when compared to patients who did not reactivate CMV (p<0.0001). Interestingly, we observed a decreased expression of the CD8-molecule on NK cells during CMV-reactivation. CD8-expression on NK cells was previously described to be associated with a more cytotoxic phenotype of NK cells, this decrease may be a consequence of apoptosis following lytic activity. Monitoring for an additional activation marker, NKG2D, showed a significant increased expression after CMV reactivation (p=0.006), demonstrating not only the activating regulation of NK cells, but also, the co-stimulatory effects on T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Remarkably, when comparing NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells with CMV-specific T cells (Figure 1), both cell populations show similar kinetics of expansion, with an increase in the absolute cell counts during and after CMV-reactivation. NKG2C+CD57+ preliminary expansion-studies were performed using peripheral blood samples from CMV-seropositive healthy volunteers. After two weeks in culture, an expansion of up to 3100-fold was achieved. Further studies to assess the proliferative capacity of NKG2C+CD57+ subpopulation and its functional properties post-HSCT, are ongoing. In addition, an extensive panel of cytokines and chemokines excreted by the NKG2C+CD57+cells will be studied in order to evaluate their recruitment ability of other cell-types. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that NK cells undergo a dynamic modulation and expansion of this population occurs in response to CMV-reactivation. Additionally, NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells may substitute for missing CMV-specific T cells shortly after HSCT and may play an important role in sustaining the immune reconstitution after CMV-reactivation. This study shows that NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells can be selected and expanded in vitro, holding promise for adoptive transfer in patients with recurrent CMV-reactivations. Disclosures Ganser: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte subsets as a predictor of severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 205873842110485
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Richeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had become a worldwide health threat. Early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients was important for reducing death rate and controlling this disease. Methods and materials A total of 301 patients confirmed with COVID-19 in Wuhan from 8 February to 10 April 2020 were included. Clinical data were collected and analyzed. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of blood cell counts and lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients were investigated. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used in discriminating the mild and severe/critical cases. Results There were difference in blood cell counts and lymphocyte subsets among mild, severe and critical patients, which were also influenced by comorbidities and duration of disease. The area under the ROC of lymphocyte, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells were 0.718, 0.721, 0.718, and 0.670, which were higher than that of other hematological parameters. The optimal threshold was 1205, 691, 402, and 177 per μl, respectively. Patients with higher counts of lymphocyte, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, or CD8+ T cells were correlated with shorter length of stay in hospital ( p < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed disease severity, CD3+ T cells counts and time when the nucleic acid turned negative were independent risk factors for in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Blood cell counts and lymphocyte subsets correlated with severity of COVID-19.

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