scholarly journals This Is the End: Earthquake Narratives and Buddhist Prophesies of Decline

HIMALAYA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Geoff Childs ◽  
Sienna R. Craig ◽  
Christina Juenger ◽  
Kristine Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

“This Is the End” presents findings from research in which the authors asked survivors of Nepal’s 2015 earthquakes to describe what they know about earthquakes based on their lifelong cultural and environmental experiences, how they responded to the devastating events, and how they view these earthquakes and their aftermath in terms of cause and consequence. The research settings of Tsum, Nubri, Manang, and Mustang were in the midst of rapid socioeconomic transformations and environmental disruptions when the earthquakes struck. Interviews shortly after the event reveal that many people are familiar with scientific concepts like the movement of tectonic plates, yet they attribute the earthquake’s ultimate cause to human activities that disturb autochthonous deities. Their interpretations suggest parallels with signs of impending doom contained within written prophesies, including a decline in religious devotion, the fraying of social cohesion, and environmental disruptions. The linking of written prophesies with lived experiences points toward a Buddhist understanding of conventional and ultimate realities in which people discuss the material and geophysical causes and consequences of earthquakes while also considering moral and cosmological understandings stemming from socially and environmentally destructive behaviors. This article contributes to a growing literature on the intersections of religion and natural disasters.

Uncertainties in Safety and Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-412
Author(s):  
Tünde Anna Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Nyikes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
The World

In today's world, critical infrastructure encompasses facilities vital to the economy, politics, and population. Their maintenance and safe operation can ensure the supply for the population. These facilities are at risk due to climate change, natural disasters, terror attacks, or wars which are increasingly affecting countries around the world. In addition, the human factor can also cause uncertainty and damages. The function of the world depends on human activities. In this chapter the uncertainties in safety and security are introduced. Security is the most important part as it is the critical infrastructure protection and human safety . The important pillars of safety and security and these uncertainties are introduced in this chapter.

scholarly journals Coastal landscape changes pattern due to natural disasters in Pelabuhanratu District, West Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Mufidah Tartila ◽  
Supriatna ◽  
Masita Dwi Mandini Manessa ◽  
Yoanna Ristya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Overlay Analysis ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Over Time

The concept of landscape is known to be always changing dynamically because of its attachment to natural and human activities that continue to grow over time. The aim of this study is to identify landscape changes from 2010 to 2018 which are associated with natural disaster events. Coastal area is the study target on landscape changes due to natural disasters. The research took place in Pelabuhanratu District, Sukabumi Regency which is known for its varied geomorphological form and its natural disaster events occurrence including coastal floods, flash floods, and landslides. The research data was processed using ArcGIS 10.4.1 and ENVI 5.1 software. Data verification was done by field surveys in the study area. The method of this study is an overlay analysis and explained in the term of spatial dan descriptive concept. The landscape of Pelabuhanratu District is dominated by volcanic landforms and vegetation cover. The total area experiencing landscape changes is 44.47 km2 of the district total area of 91.91 km2 and major changes are involving alteration of land cover area.

scholarly journals LESSON FROM THE PAST, KNOWLEDGE FOR THE FUTURE: ROLES OF HUMAN MEMORIES IN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI NARRATIVES IN MENTAWAI, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniator Tulius
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Mentawai Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Tectonic

<p>Oral traditions are an important part of the culture of most Indonesian communities. Mentawai, an ethnic group residing in Mentawai Islands of Indonesia, has various genres of oral tradition. Traditional knowledge and local wisdom pertaining to natural disasters are also part of their oral tradition. Mentawai Islands are located along active tectonic plates, where earthquakes commonly occur at various magnitudes. Records show that<br />great earthquakes and tsunamis hit Mentawai Islands several times in 1797, 1833, 2007, and 2010. Surprisingly, earthquakes occurring some hundred years ago do not seem to appear in Mentawai oral tradition. This is slightly different from communities in Simeulue, Solomon, and Andaman Islands whose natives still remember some devastating catastrophes that occurred in the past. People’s collective memories play an important role in upholding significant messages from past natural disasters. Some of<br />those messages contain important lessons on how to cope with natural disasters if they should occur again. As a result, the majority of inhabitants of those islands survived future catastrophes because they remembered the lessons contained in their oral tradition. This is totally different in Mentawai where more than 500 people died during the 2010 earthquake and tsunami. Because of this, the Mentawai case becomes an interesting topic of study. This paper aims, therefore, to find out the reasons behind this apparent<br />lack of oral tradition pertaining to the earthquakes and tsunamis that occurred several hundred years ago.</p>

scholarly journals ‘We’re all in the same boat’: How participatory songwriting might enhance Singing for Breathing’s psychosocial benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Heather Yoeli ◽  
Sharon Durant ◽  
Sarah McLusky ◽  
Jane Macnaughton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Arts And Health ◽  
Psychosocial Benefits ◽  
Improve Health

Within arts and health, participatory songwriting is recognized as an enjoyable and effective way to encourage emotional connectedness and social cohesion. This study used phenomenological ethnography to consider how collaborative songwriting might enhance the participatory experience of a Singing for Breathing group for people with breathlessness and chronic lung disease. Participants used the songwriting process to celebrate and develop their shared identity, musical and cultural heritage. Songwriting enabled participants to share their lived experiences of the anxiety and social isolation of chronic lung disease, and thereby to explore their being ‘all in the same boat’ musically, culturally and existentially. When considered within the context of similar singing-based and writing-based research, this study suggests that participatory and collaborative songwriting projects might confer psychosocial benefits to a group and to its members. While further research is needed, we propose that singing groups aiming to improve health should include songwriting.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes of Urban Rainstorm-Related Micro-Blogging Activities in Response to Rainstorms: A Case Study in Beijing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Yunyan Du ◽  
Fuyuan Liang ◽  
Jiawei Yi ◽  
Huimeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Natural disasters cause significant casualties and losses in urban areas every year. Further, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters have increased significantly over the past couple of decades in the context of global climate change. Understanding how urban dwellers learn about and response to a natural hazard is of great significance as more and more people migrate to cities. Social media has become one of the most essential communication platforms in the virtual space for users to share their knowledge, information, and opinions about almost everything in the physical world. Geo-tagged posts published on different social media platforms contain a huge amount of information that can help us to better understand the dynamics of collective geo-tagged human activities. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of the collective geo-tagged human activities in Beijing when it was afflicted by the “6-22” rainstorm. We used a variety of machine learning and statistical methods to examine the correlations between rainstorm-related microblogs and the rainstorm characteristics at a fine spatial and a fine temporal scale across Beijing. We also studied factors that could be used to explain the changes of the rainstorm-related blogging activities. Our results show that the human response to a disaster is very consistent, though with certain time lags, in the virtual and physical spaces at both the grid and city scales. Such a consistency varies significantly across our study area.

scholarly journals The Natural Disaster Prone Index Map Model in Indonesia Using the Thiessen Polygon Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Kevin Hendra William ◽  
Kristoko Dwi Hutomo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Volcanic Belts ◽  
Polygon Method

Natural Disasters are natural phenomena that occur at any moment that can cause loss. Indonesia is an archipelagic country located at the meeting of four tectonic plates and volcanic belts. This condition causes Indonesia to be prone to natural disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to make a natural disaster-prone index map model minimize the impact of natural disasters. In this research, the researchers used a Polygon Thiessen method for it was one of the mapping methods to determine a natural disaster based on Indonesia's vast surface and many disasters. The BNPB and Polygon Thiessen data comparison shows that BNPB data has a low level of vulnerability of 302, a moderate level of vulnerability of 148, and a high level of vulnerability of 58. In contrast, the Thiessen polygon has a low level of vulnerability of 297, a moderate vulnerability of 158, and a high vulnerability of 59. Comparing BNPB data and the Thiessen Polygon method found five differences from 40 data in the Papua region. Suggestions for further research to create an application-based information system so that it can be accessed in real-time.

scholarly journals Analisis Pemetaan Kerentanan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana Gempa: Studi Kasus Gempa di Haiti Tahun 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Jusmalia Oktaviani ◽  
Christy Pavita Kumesan ◽  
Saltiq Fajar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Community Vulnerability ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Un General Assembly

AbstrakHaiti terletak di Pulau Hispaniola, yang merupakan perbatasan antara lempeng tektonik Amerika dan Karibia. Lempeng ini bergerak sekitar 2 sentimeter per tahun, sehingga termasuk seismik aktif dan memiliki sejarah gempa yang panjang. Namun, dengan sejarahnya yang sering terkena gempa, tidak membuat negara ini menjadi siap terhadap gempa. Pada tahun 2010, gempa yang cukup besar, dengan skala sekitar 7 SR menerpa Haiti. Korban jiwa yang diakibatkan oleh gempa tersebut mencapai 100.000 hingga 300.000 jiwa. Menurut UN General Assembly, kerugian total akibat gempa bumi diperkirakan mencapai USD 7.8 milyar, yang berarti setara dengan lebih dari 120 persen GDP Haiti di tahun 2009. Melalui tulisan ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana analisis kerentanan masyarakat Haiti terhadap bencana alam, terutama gempa, karena dengan skala yang sebenarnya tidak terlalu besar (7 SR), gempa tahun 2010 tersebut menelan begitu banyak korban jiwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data documentary analysis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bencana alam mempunyai beberapa dimensi, dan membutuhkan penanganan komprehensif agar jumlah korban jiwa akibat gempa bisa ditekan dan diminimalisir oleh pemerintah.Kata Kunci: bencana alam, gempa, kerentanan masyarakat.AbstractHaiti is located on the island of Hispaniola, which is the border between America and Caribbean tectonic plates. These plates move about 2 centimeters per year, thus including seismically active, has a long history of earthquakes. However, as a land which often affected by the earthquake, this state is not ready against earthquakes. In 2010, an earthquake, about 7 SR scale hit Haiti. The loss of life caused by the earthquake reached 100,000 to 300,000. According to the UN General Assembly, a total loss due to the earthquake is estimated at USD 7.8 billion, which would be equivalent to more than 120 percent of Haiti's GDP in 2009. By this article, the researchers probe the Haiti’s community vulnerability analysis towards natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, because the actual scale of the earthquake itself is not enormous, only 7 SR of 10 SR, however the earthquake in 2010 swallowed so many losses. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques documentary analysis. The result shows that a natural disaster has several dimensions, and requires a comprehensive action so that the number of casualties caused by the earthquake can be suppressed and minimized by the government.Keywords: natural disasters, earthquakes, community vulnerability

scholarly journals Natural Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Its Preventive Role in Sustainable Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayees Ibrahim Lone ◽  
Dr. S. Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Living Organisms

Disaster is defined as a crisis situation causing wide spread damage which far exceeds our ability to recover. Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disaster is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface. Natural disasters are relatively sudden and cause large scale, widespread death, loss of property and disturbance to social systems and life over which people have a little or no control. Thus, any event can be classed as disaster when the magnitude of destruction and damage caused by it is very high. Communities will always face natural hazards, but today’s disasters are often generated by, or at least exacerbated by, human activities. At the most dramatic level, human activities are changing the natural balance of the earth, interfering as never before with the atmosphere, the oceans, the polar ice caps, the forest cover and the natural pillars that make our world a liveable home. But we are also putting ourselves in harm’s way in less visible ways. This paper seeks to determine the natural disasters, causes and consequences and its prevention. Nature is bountiful full of resources used by the living organisms use for their survival and well-being. But nature has its own control systems. Resources used up are replenished excesses are checked, all naturally through the biogeochemical cycles, the food chains and webs and other natural phenomena. Thus equilibrium is maintained in nature. This is called ecological balance and has in recent times been disturbed by human activities.

scholarly journals A katasztrófavédelem és a munkavédelem összefüggései

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 376-401
Author(s):  
Zoltán Rácz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Right

Today, people have become increasingly interested in various natural disasters starting from massive floods through epidemics to devastating fires across the continent. Disasters are caused not only by forces of nature but also by human activities. The history of both disaster management and occupational safety can be traced back centuries.  There are many similarities between disaster management and occupational safety, which may be surprising at first. Two fundamental rights are key issues in both disaster management and occupational safety, which are as follows: the right to life and the right to health.  An obligation of closely coordinated cooperation between the state, public bodies and other entities is a flagship task in both areas.

scholarly journals Natural disasters and indicators of social cohesion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0176885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Calo-Blanco ◽  
Jaromír Kovářík ◽  
Friederike Mengel ◽  
José Gabriel Romero
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Social Cohesion
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