GC-MS and Antibacterial Potential of Methanolic Extract Hyphaene Thebaica L. Fruit Pulp against Antibiotics-resistant Pathogens

Methanol extract obtained from the fruits of Hyphaene thebaica (doum fruit) was chemically analyzed using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Up to thirty compounds were identified in the extract. Acetic acid decyl ester (36.80%), n-Hexadecenoic acid (5.14%),1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1-methyl (4.24%), 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)-dimethylhydrazone (4.67%), Propanoic acid 3,3′-dithiobis (3.52%) and [1,2,4] Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol were major components. The antibacterial potential of the extract against six clinical bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics was also investigated, using various in vitro assays including well diffusion, minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration. It was found that, the methanol extract of doum fruit was characterized by antibacterial action toward one Gram-positive ß-lactamase bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and one Gram-negative Multidrug-resistant bacteria (Proteus mirabilis). The other four bacterial strains showed no susceptibility towards the extract. The study suggests future additional biochemical and microbiological investigations in order to understand the mechanism of action of the bioactive molecules as antimicrobial agents.

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Assessment of the Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Extracts of the Liverwort Scapania Aspera

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800932 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800

Author(s):

Danka R. Bukvicki ◽

Amit K. Tyagi ◽

Davide G. Gottardi ◽

Milan M. Veljic ◽

Snezana M. Jankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Spoilage Microorganisms ◽

Broth Dilution

The chemical composition of Scapania aspera extracts was determined by solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) and 96 constituents were identified. The dominant compounds in the methanol extract were β-barbatene (25.1%), o-cymene (14.0%), α-barbatene (5.7%), allo-aromadendrene (4.9%) and β-bourbonene, while in the ethanol extract, o-cymene (17.8%), β-barbatene (17.6%), α-thujene (6.7%), octen-1-ol acetate (4.9%) and β-bazzanene (2.4%) were the major components. In the ethyl acetate extract, β-barbatene (14.3%), undecane (11.8%), 2-methyldecane (11.2%), decane (10.9%) and o-cymene (3.6%) were major components. The antimicrobial activity of the different extracts was evaluated against pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts of S. aspera varied from 0.4 to 1.5 mg/mL and 1 to 3 mg/mL for yeast and bacterial strains, respectively. The zone of inhibition of the methanol extract for yeast strains was higher than that for bacterial strains. The results suggest that S. aspera extracts have potential as natural antimicrobial agents.

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Screening Of Antibacterial Activity Of Nepeta Ciliaris Benth. Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Kathmandu University Journal of Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 100-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gautam Shiv Shankar ◽

M Navneet ◽

Kumar Sanjay ◽

M Prabhat

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Positive Control ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Antibacterial Potential

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous) of Nepeta ciliaris against selected respiratory tract pathogens. The extracts from the aerial parts of N. ciliaris at concentration of 200 mg/ml were screened against three gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655 and Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442) and one gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474) bacterial pathogens. The agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine antibacterial and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of most effective extracts against the susceptible bacteria. Erythromycin was used as positive control to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Out of the four bacterial species tested, S. pneumoniae was the most susceptible. The acetone extract exhibited maximum activity against all the tested microorganisms while methanol extract showed activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC values ranged from 40 to 50 mg/ml for all the organisms. The N. ciliaris is potentially a good source of antimicrobial agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 100-103

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Advances in Antarctic Research for Antimicrobial Discovery: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Bacteria from Antarctic Environments as Potential Sources of Novel Antibiotic Compounds Against Human Pathogens and Microorganisms of Industrial Importance

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics7040090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kattia Núñez-Montero ◽

Leticia Barrientos

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antarctic Bacteria ◽

Recent Emergence

The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a critical public health problem. It is also a concern for industries, since multidrug-resistant microorganisms affect the production of many agricultural and food products of economic importance. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics is crucial for controlling pathogens in both clinical and industrial spheres. Most antibiotics have resulted from bioprospecting in natural environments. Today, however, the chances of making novel discoveries of bioactive molecules from various well-known sources have dramatically diminished. Consequently, unexplored and unique environments have become more likely avenues for discovering novel antimicrobial metabolites from bacteria. Due to their extreme polar environment, Antarctic bacteria in particular have been reported as a potential source for new antimicrobial compounds. We conducted a narrative review of the literature about findings relating to the production of antimicrobial compounds by Antarctic bacteria, showing how bacterial adaptation to extreme Antarctic conditions confers the ability to produce these compounds. We highlighted the diversity of antibiotic-producing Antarctic microorganisms, including the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which has led to the identification of new antibiotic molecules and supports the belief that research on Antarctic bacterial strains has important potential for biotechnology applications, while providing a better understanding of polar ecosystems.

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The Activity of Alkanna Species in vitro Culture and Intact Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190716112510 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 1861-1865 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naira Sahakyan ◽

Margarit Petrosyan ◽

Armen Trchounian

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Biotechnological Production ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Overcoming the antibiotic resistance is nowadays a challenge. There is still no clear strategy to combat this problem. Therefore, the urgent need to find new sources of antibacterial agents exists. According to some literature, substances of plant origin are able to overcome bacterial resistance against antibiotics. Alkanna species plants are among the valuable producers of these metabolites. But there is a problem of obtaining the standardized product. So, this review is focused on the discussion of the possibilities of biotechnological production of antimicrobial agents from Alkanna genus species against some microorganisms including antibiotic resistant bacterial strains.

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Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. - prospecting for its use in the treatment of bacterial infections

Archives of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.29328/journal.apps.1001027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 020-028

Author(s):

Fernandes Laura Silva ◽

da Costa Ygor Ferreira Garcia ◽

de Bessa Martha Eunice ◽

Ferreira Adriana Lucia Pires ◽

do Amaral Corrêa José Otávio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

New Antibiotics

Morbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fight for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profile and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profile and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol derivative were some of phytochemicals identified. The antibacterial activity was determined by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution against eight ATCC® and five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains. HF-Ep was the most effective (MIC ≤ 5,000 µg/µL), being active against the largest part of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including MRSA, with exception of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and (ATCC 27853). These results suggest that E. pristis is a natural source of bioactive compounds for the search of new antibiotics which can be an interesting therapeutic approach to recover patients mainly infected by MRSA strains.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of hydrosol from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. against Helicobacter pylori and Candida albicans

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v7i6.610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 3819-3828

Author(s):

Tran Thanh Hung ◽

Pham Thu Trang ◽

Hoang Viet ◽

Nguyen Thi My Lan ◽

Luong Thi My Ngan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Litsea Cubeba ◽

H Pylori ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori and Candida albicans are classified as the most common pathogenic agents in humans. H. pylori is responsible for gastroduodenal diseases and greatly associated with gastric carcinogenesis, while C. albicans is the main cause of fungal urinary tract, genital yeast, and fungal skin infections. The increasing appearance of drug-resistant strains of H. pylori and C. albicans has made the treatment of the infections more serious. Hydrosols from plant steam distillation have been traditionally used in medicine, cosmetics, and culinary uses. They have been recently suggested as antimicrobial agents owing to their safety and ability to reduce the potential of resistance. The aim of the present study is to assess antibacterial and antifungal activities of hydrosols extracted from the fresh fruits of Litsea cubeba against H. pylori and C. albicans. Methods: The L. cubeba fruit hydrosol was obtained by steam distillation method. Evaluation of the growth-inhibiting and microbicidal effects of the hydrosol towards the H. pylori ATCC 43504 and C. albicans ATCC 10231 was determined through MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration), MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration), and MFC (minimal fungicidal concentration) measurements using broth dilution assays. Compositions of the dissolved essential oil (dEO) from the hydrosol were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Results: The results indicated that the L. cubeba fruit hydrosol exhibited strong antimicrobial ability towards the bacterium H. pylori (MIC of 10%, MBC of 30%) and the yeast C. albicans (MIC of 10%, MFC of 40%). The cells of H. pylori and C. albicans were killed completely after 24 and 18 hours of treatment with 30% and 40% of the hydrosol, respectively. The major constituents of the dEO were geranial (32.92%), neral (27.12%), p-menthan-8-yl acetate (8.45%), 2-cyclopropyl-2-methylspiro[2.2]pentane-1-carboxylic acid (8.09%), linalool (4.24%), and methyl heptenone (4.15%). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that L. cubeba fruit hydrosols could be used as potent natural antibacterial and antifungal preparations in the global effort to discover safe alternatives to toxic antimicrobial agents.

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Activity of the Novel Peptide Arminin against Multiresistant Human Pathogens Shows the Considerable Potential of Phylogenetically Ancient Organisms as Drug Sources

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00826-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 5245-5250 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

René Augustin ◽

Friederike Anton-Erxleben ◽

Stephanie Jungnickel ◽

Georg Hemmrich ◽

Björn Spudy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptide ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Proteolytic Processing ◽

Erythrocyte Membranes ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Multiresistant Bacteria ◽

High Level

ABSTRACT The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the need for new antibacterial agents. Arminin 1a is a novel antimicrobial peptide discovered during investigations of the epithelial defense of the ancient metazoan Hydra. Following proteolytic processing, the 31-amino-acid-long positively charged C-terminal part of arminin 1a exhibits potent and broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, including multiresistant human pathogenic strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains (minimal bactericidal concentration, 0.4 μM to 0.8 μM). Ultrastructural observations indicate that bacteria are killed by disruption of the bacterial cell wall. Remarkably, the antibacterial activity of arminin 1a is not affected under the physiological salt conditions of human blood. In addition, arminin 1a is a selective antibacterial agent that does not affect human erythrocyte membranes. Arminin 1a shows no sequence homology to any known antimicrobial peptide. Because of its high level of activity against multiresistant bacterial strains pathogenic for humans, the peptide arminin 1a is a promising template for a new class of antibiotics. Our data suggest that ancient metazoan organisms such as Hydra hold promise for the detection of novel antimicrobial molecules and the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant bacteria.

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Antimicrobial Potential and Chemical Characterization of Serbian Liverwort (Porella arboris-vitae): SEM and TEM Observations

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/382927 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Amit Kumar Tyagi ◽

Danka Bukvicki ◽

Davide Gottardi ◽

Milan Veljic ◽

Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antimicrobial Potential

The chemical composition ofPorella arboris-vitaeextracts was determined by solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS), and 66 constituents were identified. The dominant compounds in methanol extract ofP.arboris-vitaewereβ-caryophyllene (14.7%),α-gurjunene (10.9%),α-selinene (10.8%),β-elemene (5.6%),γ-muurolene (4.6%), and allo-aromadendrene (4.3%) and in ethanol extract,β-caryophyllene (11.8%),α-selinene (9.6%),α-gurjunene (9.4%), isopentyl alcohol (8.8%), 2-hexanol (3.7%),β-elemene (3.7%), allo-aromadendrene (3.7%), andγ-muurolene (3.3%) were the major components. In ethyl acetate extract ofP.arboris-vitae, undecane (11.3%),β-caryophyllene (8.4%), dodecane (6.4%),α-gurjunene (6%), 2-methyldecane (5.1%), hemimellitene (4.9%), and D-limonene (3.9%) were major components. The antimicrobial activity of differentP.arboris-vitaeextracts was evaluated against selected food spoilage microorganisms using microbroth dilution method. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) varied from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL and 1.25 to 2 mg/mL for yeast and bacterial strains, respectively. Significant morphological and ultrastructural alterations due to the effect of methanolic and ethanolicP.arboris-vitaeextracts onS. Enteritidis have also been observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The results provide the evidence of antimicrobial potential ofP.arboris-vitaeextracts and suggest its potential as natural antimicrobial agents for food preservation.

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Resistance Index of Penicillin-Resistant Bacteria to Various Physicochemical Agents

ISRN Microbiology ◽

10.5402/2012/789474 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

M. Kazemi ◽

R. Kasra Kermanshahi ◽

E. Heshmat Dehkordi ◽

F. Payami ◽

M. Behjati

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Published Data ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Widespread use of various antimicrobial agents resulted in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Mechanisms like direct efflux, formation, and sequestration of metals and drugs in complexes and antiporter pumps are some examples. This investigation aims to investigate the resistance pattern of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains to some physicochemical agents. Sensitivity/resistance pattern of common bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents were evaluated by disk diffusion assay. Broth and agar dilution method were used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. The impact of UV ray on the bacterial growth under laminar flow hood was measured using photonmeter. Our data demonstrates that the most prevalent metal resistance was against arsenate (95.92%), followed by cadmium (52.04%) and mercury (36.73%). There was significant difference between cetrimide resistances among studied microbial strains especially for P. aeruginosa (). High rate of pathogen resistance to various antibacterial agents in our study supports previously published data. This great rate of bacterial resistance is attributed to the emergence of defense mechanisms developed in pathogens. The higher general bacterial resistance rate among Staphylococcus strains rather than E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains draws attention towards focusing on designing newer therapeutic compounds for Staphylococcus strains.

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Liquid and Vapor Phase of Four Conifer-Derived Essential Oils: Comparison of Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14020134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefania Garzoli ◽

Valentina Laghezza Masci ◽

Valentina Caradonna ◽

Antonio Tiezzi ◽

Pierluigi Giacomello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Vapor Phase ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Bacterial Strains

In this study, the chemical composition of the vapor and liquid phase of Pinus cembra L., Pinus mugo Turra, Picea abies L., and Abies Alba M. needles essential oils (EOs) was investigated by Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). In the examined EOs, a total of twenty-eight components were identified, most of which belong to the monoterpenes family. α-Pinene (16.6–44.0%), β-pinene (7.5–44.7%), limonene (9.5–32.5%), and γ-terpinene (0.3–19.7%) were the most abundant components of the liquid phase. Such major compounds were also detected in the vapor phase of all EOs, and α-pinene reached higher relative percentages than in the liquid phase. Then, both the liquid and vapor phases were evaluated in terms of antibacterial activity against three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Acinetobacter bohemicus) and two Gram-positive bacteria (Kocuria marina and Bacillus cereus) using a microwell dilution assay, disc diffusion assay, and vapor phase test. The lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (13.28 mg/mL) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) (26.56 mg/mL) values, which correspond to the highest antibacterial activities, were reported for P. abies EO against A. bohemicus and for A. alba EO against A. bohemicus and B. cereus. The vapor phase of all the tested EOs was more active than liquid phase, showing the inhibition halos from 41.00 ± 10.15 mm to 80.00 ± 0.00 mm for three bacterial strains (A. bohemicus, K. marina, and B. cereus). Furthermore, antioxidant activities were also investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays, and a concentration-dependent antioxidant capacity for all EOs was found. P. mugo EO showed the best antioxidant activity than the other Pinaceae EOs. The four Pinaceae EOs could be further investigated for their promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and, in particular, α-pinene seems to have interesting possibilities for use as a novel natural antibacterial agent.

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