scholarly journals Detection and Classification of Plant Diseases by Image Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 789-793
Author(s):  
Antony Deol Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Leaf Infection

The point of this undertaking is to configuration, carry out and assess a picture handling programming based answer for programmed recognition and grouping of plant leaf infection. Anyway contemplates show that depending on unadulterated unaided eye perception of specialists to recognize and group infections can be tedious and costly, particularly in country regions and agricultural nations. So we present quick, programmed, modest and precise picture preparing based arrangement. Arrangement is made out of four primary stages; in the main stage we make a shading change structure for the RGB leaf picture and afterward, we apply shading space change for the shading change structure. Then, in the subsequent stage, the pictures are sectioned utilizing the K-implies bunching strategy. In the third stage, we figure the surface components for the portioned contaminated items. At long last, in the fourth stage the separated provisions are gone through a pre-prepared neural organization.

scholarly journals Is There Daily Growth Hysteresis versus Vapor Pressure Deficit in Cherry Fruit?

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Matteo Zucchini ◽  
Arash Khosravi ◽  
Veronica Giorgi ◽  
Adriano Mancini ◽  
Davide Neri
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Rainy Days ◽  
Clockwise Hysteresis

The growth of cherry fruit is generally described using a double sigmoid model, divided into four growth stages. Abiotic factors are considered to be significant components in modifying fruit growth, and among these, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is deemed the most effective. In this study, we investigated sweet cherry fruit growth through the continuous, hourly monitoring of fruit transversal diameter over two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), from the beginning of the third stage to maturation (forth stage). Extensometers were used in the field and VPD was calculated from weather data. The fruit growth pattern up to the end of the third stage demonstrated three critical steps during non-rainy days: shrinkage, stabilization and expansion. In the third stage of fruit growth, a partial clockwise hysteresis curve of circadian growth, as a response to VPD, appeared on random days. The pattern of fruit growth during rainy days was not distinctive, but the amount and duration of rain caused a consequent decrease in the VPD and indirectly boosted fruit growth. At the beginning of the fourth stage, the circadian growth changed and the daily transversal diameter vs VPD formed fully clockwise hysteresis curves for most of this stage. Our findings indicate that hysteresis can be employed to evaluate the initial phenological phase of fruit maturation, as a fully clockwise hysteresis curve was observable only in the fourth stage of fruit growth. There are additional opportunities for its use in the management of fruit production, such as in precision fruit farming.

Studies on the life-history of Bunostomum phlebotomum (Railliet, 1900), a hookworm parasite of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Infective Larva ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cutaneous Blood ◽  
Fourth Stage Larva

A description is given of the processes of copulation, formation of the egg and spermatozoon, cleavage, embryogeny and hatching in B. phlebotomum. These processes were found to be essentially similar to those in other strongyle nematodes.The anatomy of the first three larval stages is described and the observations of Conradi & Barnette (1908) and Schwartz (1924) were largely confirmed.Penetration of the skin of calves by the infective larva was observed histologically. The larvae were found to have reached the dermis within 30 min. and to have penetrated the cutaneous blood vessels within 60 min. of application to the skin. The larvae were found in the lung where the third ecdysis was in progress 10 days after penetration of the skin. A description is given of the growth of the third-stage larva in the lung, the changes which take place during the third ecdysis, and the anatomy of the fourth-stage larva.The fourth-stage larvae exsheath in the lungs and travel to the intestine. After a period of growth in which sexual differentiation takes place, the fourth ecdysis occurs and the adult parasite emerges. The time required for the attainment of maturity was found to be somewhere between 30 and 56 days after penetration of the skin.This paper was written at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories, Wey-bridge, and the writer would like to express his gratitude to the Director, Prof. T. Dalling, also to Dr W. R. Wooldridge, chairman of the Council of the Veterinary Educational Trust for their help and encouragement. The writer's thanks are also due to Dr H. A. Baylis, Prof. R. T. Leiper and Dr E. L. Taylor for their advice and help on technical points, and to Mr R. A. O. Shonekan, African laboratory assistant, for his able co-operation.

Manajemen Humas Radio Rama 104.7FM Bandung dalam Meningkatkan Pemasang Iklan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sidik Triadi ◽  
Irfan Sanusi ◽  
Lida Imelda Cholidah
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Program Innovation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

ABSTRAK Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen humas radio Rama FM Bandung dalam meningkatkan pemasang iklan dari mulai tahapan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan sampai dengan pengawasan, metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui karakteristik  dengan cara berinteraksi secara langsung dan mendalam mengenai sebuah program dan ringkasan yang digambarkan pada konteks di atas mendasari untuk menggali dan mendeskripsikan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dijalankan oleh radio Rama FM Bandung dalam meningkatkan pemasang iklan. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualittaif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kegiatan manajemen humas radio Rama FM Bandung dalam meningkatkan pemasang iklan dimulai pada tahapan pertama yaitu perencanaan pembuatan proposal, inovasi program, pengemasan iklan dan penyampaian iklan. Tahapan kedua yaitu pengorganisasian dengan komunikasi, membentuk team, pertimbangan tugas, dan persetujuan dari pimpinan. Tahapan ketiga yaitu pelaksanaan sesuai tugas, presentasi, pelaksanaan tugas sesuai susunan, pelaksanaan kegiatan. Tahap keempat yaitu pengawasan koordinasi, kinerja team yang bertugas, program yang berlangsung, dan pengawasan proses sebagai bahan evaluasi. Kata Kunci : Manajemen Humas; Meningkatkan; Pemasang Iklan. ABSTRACT This writing aims to determine radio public relations management Rama FM Bandung in increasing advertisers from the stages of planning, organizing, implementation to supervision, this research method uses a case study method to determine the characteristics by interacting directly and deeply about a case and summary illustrated in the above context underlying to explore and describe the activities carried out by radio Rama FM Bandung in improving advertisers. The analysis of this study uses descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the radio public relations management activities of Rama FM Bandung in increasing advertisers began in the first stage, namely the planning of making proposals, program innovation, packaging of advertisements and delivery of advertisements. The second stage is organizing with communication, forming teams, considering assignments, and approval from the leadership. The third stage is the implementation of tasks, presentations, implementation of tasks according to the arrangement, implementation of activities. The fourth stage is monitoring coordination, the performance of the team in charge, the ongoing program, and monitoring the process as an evaluation material. Keywords : Management Public Relations; Improve; Advertiser.

Hromatska terminologija u rusinskom i srpskom jeziku

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Mihajlo P. Fejsa
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
German Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Basic Colour ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Colour Terms

In this paper, the author compares chromatic terms in Ruthenian and Serbian. He focuses on the basic colour terms according to Berlin and Kay: white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, and grey. They have equivalents in both languages: Ruthenian bila – Serbian bela, čarna – crna, červena – crvena, željena – zelena, žovta / žolta – žuta, belava – plava, braon – braon, lilova – ljubičasta, celova – roze, pomarančecova /poma- randžecova – narandžasta, šiva – siva. The criterion of one-morpheme word is not appli- cable to the terms lilova, celova, and pomarančecova /pomarandžecova in Ruthenian, and ljubičasta and narandžasta in Serbian. It is applicable to the terms bila, čarna, červena, željena, žovta / žolta, belava, braon, and šiva. With the exception of braon, all these terms are derived from the Proto-Slavic language (*bеlъ, *čьrnъ, *čьrvenъ, *zelenъ, *žltъ, *polvь, and *sivъ). As far as the Berlin–Kay’s universal of seven phases of colour formation is con- cerned, our study of chromatic terminology confirms it. In accordance with the supposed first stage of development, the Ruthenian language has bila and čarna; according to the second stage, Ruthenian has červena; in accordance with the third stage, Ruthenian has že- ljena or žovta / žolta; according to the fourth stage, Ruthenian has žovta / žolta or željena; in accordance with the fifth stage, Ruthenian has belava; according to the sixth stage, it has braon; and in accordance with the seventh stage (even if we leave aside the multi-mor- pheme terms lilova, celova, and pomarančecova /pomarandžecova), it has šiva. Generally speaking, the usage of the terms is identical in both investigated languages but there are several differences (e.g. cibulja – beli luk, željena pasulja – boranija). The most frequent suffixes are -asta and -ista in Ruthenian, and -asta in Serbian.Most of the chromatic terms are of Slavic origin but there are several borrowings used for nuance purposes in recent decades, e.g. azurna, teget, akvamarin, tirkizna, and others. Some borrowings remain unchanged, e.g. in both languages blond, braon, drap, krem, bež, and oker, and only in Serbian lila and roze. Hungarian was the official language until the first decades of the 20th century (until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918), during which Ruthenian–Hungarian bilingualism reigned. That is the reason why several Hungarian colour names are found, e.g. in surnames (the Ruthenian surname Barna comes from Hungarian barna ‘brown’, Fekete/Feketa is from fekete ‘black’, and Vereš is from vörös ‘red’) and in the names of domestic animals (the Ruthenian horse name pejka [Serbian riđan] comes from Hungarian pej ‘brown’ and šarga [Serbian žutalj] is from sár- ga ‘yellow’). The general name for ‘colour’ comes from the German language (Ruthenian farba is from German Farbe).

Regulatory Ontology-Based Interagency Informatin and Service Customization

2011 ◽  
pp. 1406-1412
Author(s):  
s. A. Chun ◽  
V. Atluri
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Transaction Services ◽  
The Web

The government services needed by citizens or businesses often require horizontal integration across autonomous government agencies. The information and services needed are typically scattered over different agencies in diverse formats, and therefore are not interoperable. This results in the so-called “stove-pipe” service and information paradigm, which raises a number of challenges. First, the service consumers, both citizens and businesses, face the challenging task of locating relevant services and information from a large number of documents scattered at different locations on the Web. Therefore, it is beneficial to have a system to locate and integrate available services that are tailored to individual preferences and needs according to regulations. Second, due to the fact that information is not shared among the different agencies, service consumers are required to re-enter certain data repeatedly to obtain interagency services. Service integration should allow sharing among agencies. Digital governments have been evolving with different focuses in terms of information and transaction services. The evolution has shown at least four different stages. At the first stage, with the Internet and the WWW, governments digitized paper forms and started to disseminate information with static Web pages, electronic forms, and data displays. The focus of this initial stage has been to make information digitally available on the Web. The transaction services tended to resort to off-line paper-based traditional methods (e.g., by submitting the printed form with a payment) such as by credit cards. In the second stage, governments started to provide services for the citizens by developing applications for service delivery and databases to support the transactions. The citizens and businesses can “pull down” the needed services and information through “active” interaction with individual agency Web sites separately, as in self-services. In both of these stages, the digital government efforts did not consider what other government agencies have been doing and how their services may be related to other agencies’ services. The information and service consumers need to “visit” each agency separately and actively search for information and services. The digital government up to this stage mimics the physical government, and citizens and business entities navigate digital boundaries instead of physical boundaries for complex services, such as business registration or welfare benefits. When agency interactions are needed, data and forms are forwarded in batch mode to other agencies through paper or fax, where the data is re-entered, or the digital data captured from a form is forwarded in a file via CD-ROM or a floppy disk. The streamlining of business processes within individual agencies may have been achieved, but not the streamlining of business processes across agencies. In the third stage, digital government agencies strive to provide seamless, integrated services by different agencies with sharing necessary information. The services and documents are organized such that they are easily identified and the consumers do not have to scour large amounts of information for the right ones. This stage of digital government is characterized as one-stop portal stage. In the fourth stage, the governments create digital environments where citizens’ participation is encouraged to define government policies and directions. The services up to the third stage are often enforced by government regulations and policies. These very rules and policies can be modified by citizens’ participation. In this fourth stage, digital government efforts focus on developing collaborative systems that allow collaboration among government agencies and citizens in order to reflect the constituents’ inputs. Today’s digital governments characterized by “self-service” and “one stop portal” solutions, between stages two and three, need to provide front-end (citizen-facing) tools to deliver relevant, customized information and services, and a back-end (processing) infrastructure to integrate, automate, manage, and control the service delivery. The service integrations vary according to user requirements and need to be dynamically achieved in an ad-hoc manner with personalized processes as end results.

In vitro development of cyathostomin larvae from the third stage larvae to the fourth stage: morphologic characterization, effects of refrigeration, and species-specific patterns

2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Salvatore Giannetto ◽  
Donato Traversa ◽  
Sharon R. Chirgwin ◽  
Krishna Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Stage ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Vitro Development

Novel Dry-Lab Training Method for Totally Endoscopic Coronary Anastomosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ujihira ◽  
Akira Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Training System ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Coronary Anastomosis

Objective We describe our original dry-lab training system for nonrobotic and beating heart endoscopic coronary artery anastomosis. Methods All the materials used for this training were commercially available. We selected a boxed machine, which can produce pulsatile movements of artificial vessels, and on its roof, we installed a two-dimensional home video camera and a monitor. A multiple-holed plate was placed in front of the machine, and through these holes, a trainee inserted endoscopic surgical instruments and anastomosed the artificial vessels by running fashion while watching the monitor. This training program has four stages. During the first stage, a trainee has to demonstrate mastery in conducting a conventional off-pump coronary artery anastomosis without assistance. The second stage is the “nonbeating” version, and the third stage is the “beating” version with the model mentioned previously. After a trainee gets accustomed to the third stage, the original artificial vessel is replaced with an extremely fragile one, and this is the fourth stage. Our trainee conducted one hundred fourth-stage anastomoses and each procedure was recorded with the video camera. We analyzed several factors from the videos and evaluated the efficacy of the training method. We compared the outcomes of the first 50 consecutive anastomoses with the following 50 ones and described the learning curves. Results The comparison showed a significant decrease in anastomotic time and vessel injury. We considered the quality of anastomosis acceptable after 47 anastomoses, and anastomotic time fell below 15 minutes at the 81st training at the fourth stage. Conclusions Our dry-lab system might be an effective training method for endoscopic coronary anastomosis.

Diapause in parasitic nematodes: a review

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I Sommerville ◽  
K G Davey
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Diapause Development

This review considers in a selective way the literature on diapause in parasitic nematodes, concentrating on four species of animal parasites and three species of plant parasites. We define diapause as a developmental arrest which is temporarily irreversible, so development will not resume, even under favourable conditions, until some intrinsic changes have been completed. Our analysis recognises four stages in diapause. The first is induction, typically brought about by environmental signals (although diapause may be genetically programmed independently of the environment). These environmental signals typically do not have an immediate effect on development, but we recognise a second phase, which we call the diapause pathway, in which worms have been induced to enter diapause at a later developmental stage. Surprisingly, entry into the diapause pathway may under some circumstances be reversible. The third stage is diapause development, a period during which development is suspended, but some ill-understood process must be completed prior to the fourth stage, emergence from diapause. Although diapause development is complete, resumption of development may be further delayed because of conditions in the host or in the environment: the worm is once more capable of development, but development is prevented by unfavourable conditions extrinsic to the worm. These may include the immune state of the host or the total parasite burden in animal hosts.

scholarly journals Method for consolidate representation of fossil objects dating

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
D.I. Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Third Stage

So far, methods of dating fossil objects have allowed us to obtain a large amount of data that characterize the moisturization of our planet’s areas during different time intervals. At the same time, in some cases, fossil objects contain information about the characteristics of the climate of the epoch of their existence. The available dating is scattered and does not allow us to get an overall picture of the changes occurred. Therefore, the developed method of aggregate representation of dates is relevant. Scientific materials containing the desired dating are mainly presented on the Internet. Therefore, the target of the first stage is to identify the publications of interest. At the second stage, the dating found and its characteristics are summarized in table 1. At the third stage, the data in table 1 is converted to table 2, reflecting the change in the moisture content of regions with a 100 years sampling interval. At the fourth stage, a simple rule is applied to exclude two multidirectional trends in each cell of table 2. As a result of exclusion, only unidirectional signs remain in each cell that qualitatively characterize the moisture content of the studied regions. It seems that the dating found in a significant minority should be questioned. However, cases in which the number of exceptions exceeds the number of non-excluded characters require additional research. The proposed method is not limited either by the number of studies involved or by the dating methods used. The scientific novelty of the proposed method consists in the aggregate representation of known dating of fossil objects containing information about the characteristics of the climate of the epoch of its existence. The objectivity of the results obtained is based on the use of a variety of independent dating of fossil objects obtained by different methods for different periods and regions. The reliability of the results obtained will increase with the number of dating involved in the analysis.

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