scholarly journals A Study on Isolation and Identification of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Bacteria from Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 650-671
Author(s):  
Sudha Sree
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract: Polysaccharides are important potent molecules with their structural and compositional complexity which led to wide range of applications in various industries. The exopolysaccharides of microbial origin are released in response to extreme environmental conditions for the purpose of survival. The present study focuses on the isolation of exopolysaccharide producing bacteria from the soil sample and oil contaminated soil sample. Screening for the EPS production by the isolates is determined by the dry weight determination of precipitates of EPS and quantitative estimation of glucose content of EPS by PhenolSulphuric acid method. In the present study, out of 5 bacterial isolates isolated on screening, Lactobacillus sps and Pseudomonas sps. isolates produced the precipitates of EPS whose dry weight was determined to be 0.09g and 0.17g respectively. Further, glucose concentration of EPS was quantitatively determined. The glucose content of Lactobacillus sps. isolate was 0.1125mg/ml and Pseudomonas sps. isolate is 0.2875mg/ml. The EPS producing isolates were further grown in the presence of carbon sources like Glucose, Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose to determine the best utilizable carbon for their growth. The most utilizable carbon source for maximum growth of EPS producing isolates was determined to be sucrose with 2% concentration. All the 5 bacterial isolates were screened for their ability of antibiotic resistance. The EPS producing isolates, Lactobacillus sps, Pseudomonas sps were found to be resistant towards all the antimicrobial agents owing to the presence of EPS protective layer around their cell wall than non-EPS producing isolates. Keywords: Exopolysaccharide, Screening, Carbon sources, Antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals The Biotechnological Potentials of Bacteria Isolated from Parsık Cave, Turkey : Measuring the enzyme profiles, antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial activity in bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-479
Author(s):  
Begüm Çandiroğlu ◽  
Nihal Doğruöz Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Cave Ecosystems ◽  
Metabolic Properties

Since cave ecosystems have extraordinary environmental conditions, these ecosystems offer opportunities for microbiological studies. In this study, cultivable bacteria isolated from Parsık cave, Turkey, were investigated regarding enzyme profiles, antibiotic resistance and potential for production of antimicrobial agents. The metabolic properties of 321 bacterial isolates were determined. The most produced enzyme by the isolates was found to be tyrosine arylamidase. The enzymatic reactions of the bacteria showed that Parsık cave isolates have high aminopeptidase activity. The highest antibiotic resistance frequency of the isolates was 38.6% against ampicillin. While the isolates displayed variable inhibition rates against tested pathogenic microorganisms, they showed the highest inhibition against Candida albicans. The results show that the bacteria isolated from Parsık cave have potential for further studies related to biotechnological applications. The study findings contribute increased knowledge on metabolic peculiarities of bacteria isolated from cave ecosystems.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus Bacteria from Culled Hens Meat for Meat Biopreservator

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendronoto Arnoldus W. Lengkey ◽  
Roostita Lobo Balia ◽  
Jan Alex Siwi ◽  
Bogdan A. Tasbac ◽  
Iulian Togoe
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis ◽  
Mrs Broth

Using chemical bio-preservatives is being frowned at because of their probable adverse effects on the health of consumers. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from natural resources are an occurring process that have most powerful means for obtaining cultures and also have commercial purposes. The aim of this study was to get bio-preservatives from poultry meat, by isolation and then identification of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria do not pose any health risks to human, and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organisms. The lactobacillus were isolated from raw poultry meat by appropriate dilutions with NaCl fisiological, and the decimal dilution were mixed with MRS medium and then incubated at 370C for 48-72 h. Pure cultures were maintained in MRS broth agar at 40C for short term use. Thirty well-isolated colonies were picked up and transferred to MRS broth. Selection of strains was made in agreement with morphology, Gram-stain, viability during storage at 40C and antimicrobial activity, was found twenty isolate. The identification of the cultures was based on the characteristics of the lactobacilli as described in Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, fermentation of different carbon sources, gas production from glucose, growth at different temperatures. For anti-biogram, the isolates were inoculated into MRS broth individually and incubated for 24h. The plates were incubated at 37oC overnight. Resistance was defined as the absence of a growth inhibition zone around the discs. Results indicated that 20 isolate of Lactic acid bacteria were identified: 3 isolates of Lactobacillus fermentum, 2 isolates of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, 3 isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 2 isolates of Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis 1, and   5 isolates of  Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis 2. Characterization of the microbial metabolic product for antimicrobial agents reveals that lactic acid bacteria has responsibility for the inhibition of the indicator organisms, and can be  used as meat biopreservator. Keywords: isolation, identification, lactobacillus, poultry meat, biopreservator.

scholarly journals Physiological characters of psychrotolerant bacteria in a eutrophic bottom environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Kimio Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Psychrotolerant Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marinobacter Hydrocarbonoclasticus ◽  
Physiological Characters

An investigation for the isolation and identification of psychrotolerant bacteria from eutrophic bottom environment showed average temperature during winter and summer was 8 and 26°C, respectively. Six bacterial isolates were characterized in details and identified as Deleya halophila, Chromohalobacter marismortui, Erythrobacter longus, Pseudomonas perfectomarina, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, Alteromonas undina. All isolates grew well at wide range of temperature between 5 and 30ºC and considered as psychrotolerant.Key words: Psychrotolerant bacteria; Eutrophic environmentDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i1.8837Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 20(1): 49-56, 2011 (January)

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Poly-ß-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Different Bacterial Strains Grown on Alternative Cheap Carbon Sources

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3801
Author(s):  
Sherif M. El-Kadi ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Hassan A. H. EL-Zawawy ◽  
Hossam F. A. EL-Shaer ◽  
Adel A. Shoukry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isopropyl Ester ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Beet Molasses ◽  
Sugar Beet Molasses

Thirty bacterial isolates were tested on three different media for Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The best bacterial isolates for producing PHB were screened and identified based on molecular biology; then, using three different alternative carbon sources (dried whey, sugar beet molasses and date molasses), physical properties were evaluated by Infrared (IR) spectrometry and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results showed that the best isolates identified based on molecular biology were Bacillus paramycoides MCCC 1A04098, Azotobacter salinestris NBRC 102611 and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis BIO-TAS2-2. The addition of sugar beet molasses to the medium of A. salinestris increased the cell dry weight (CDW), PHB concentration, PHB% and conversion coefficient (4.97 g/L, 1.56 g/L, 31.38% and 23.92%, respectively). The correlation coefficient values between PHB g/L and CDW g/L varied between very strong and moderate positive correlation. IR of the produced PHB from B. paramycoides and A. salinestris showed similar bands which confirmed the presence of PHB; however, B. naejangsanensis showed weak bands, indicating lower PHB concentration. The chemical composition obtained showed that the GC-MS of the PHB extracted represents 2, 4-ditert-butylphenol for B. paramycoides and isopropyl ester of 2-butenoic acid for both of A. salinestris and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. Therefore, PHB produced by microorganisms can be considered a biodegradable polyester, and represents a promising technique for the development of eco-friendly and fully biodegradable plastics.

scholarly journals The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation activities and genome analysis of a novel strain Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol isolated from Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8102
Author(s):  
Temidayo O. Elufisan ◽  
Isabel C. Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
Armando Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background Stenotrophomonas are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria, which can survive in a wide range of environments. They can use many substances for their growth and are known to be intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents. They have been tested for biotechnological applications, bioremediation, and production of antimicrobial agents. Method Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol was isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil. The capability of this isolate to tolerate and degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and xylene was evaluated in Bushnell Hass medium containing PAHs as the sole carbon sources. The metabolites formed after 30-day degradation of naphthalene by Pemsol were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopic (FTIR), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The genome of Pemsol was also sequenced and analyzed. Results Anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and phenanthridine except xylene can be used as sole carbon sources for Pemsol’s growth in Bushnell Hass medium. The degradation of naphthalene at a concentration of 1 mg/mL within 30 days was tested. A newly formed catechol peak and the disappearance of naphthalene peak detected on the UPLC-MS, and GC-MS analyses spectra respectively confirmed the complete degradation of naphthalene. Pemsol does not produce biosurfactant and neither bio-emulsify PAHs. The whole genome was sequenced and assembled into one scaffold with a length of 4,373,402 bp. A total of 145 genes involved in the degradation of PAHs were found in its genome, some of which are Pemsol-specific as compared with other 11 Stenotrophomonas genomes. Most specific genes are located on the genomic islands. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol’s possession of few genes that are associated with bio-emulsification gives the genetic basis for its inability to bio-emulsify PAH. A possible degradation pathway for naphthalene in Pemsol was proposed following the analysis of Pemsol’s genome. ANI and GGDH analysis indicated that Pemsol is likely a new species of Stenotrophomonas. It is the first report on a complete genome sequence analysis of a PAH-degrading Stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol possesses features that make it a good bacterium for genetic engineering and will be an excellent tool for the remediation of crude oil or PAH-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contaminants on Exposed Surfaces and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Dodoma-Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alphonce B. Chandika ◽  
Reuben S. Mkala ◽  
Bushi Lugoba ◽  
Benjamin C. Kipilipili ◽  
Witness Saitot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Hospital acquired infection pose a great challenge in provision of healthcare services to many settings  particulary in developing countries where there is limited availability of resources. The roles played by exposed surfaces in spreading of potential bacterial pathogens within the hospital environment have certainly contributed to the increased burden of bacterial infectious diseases such as morbidness, death as well as cost imolecation in healthcare. Our study aimed to determine common bacteria isolated on exposed surfaces and the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Methods: A sum of 516 specimens gathered and enrolled for study at Benjamin Mkapa Hopsital (BMH).  The swab specimens were continuously gathered (collected) from different exposed objects in hospital environmental surfaces. All microbiological procedures or tests were performed using appropriate standard operating procedure. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Among 516 samples, 317 (61.4%) were positive with variety of bacterial isolates from different sites. Out of 317 positive cultures, 120 (37.9%) Staphylococcus aureus, 97 (30.6%) E. coli, 28 (8.8%) Enterobacter aerogenes, 25 (7.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 23 (7.3%) other Citrobacter species, 20 (6.3%) Citrobacter freundii, 3 (0.9%) Morganella morganii and 1 (0.3%) Serratia mercesens were isolated from different source of exposed surfaces at BMH. Serratia mercesens were highly (100%) resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents including erythromycin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, penicillin,ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, ampicillin, azithromycin and cotrimoxazoleTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: High levels of potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated in swab specimens from a wide range of exposed surfaces at BMH. Variable pattern of antiobiotic resistance were observed among bacterial isolates with alarming levels demonstrated by isolates of Serratia mercesens which is amongst the common causes of surgical site infections. This findings call for improved actions for infection prevention and control measures at BMH.

Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from Farm Livestock and Related Analytical Methods: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spread Dynamics ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Farm Livestock

Abstract The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for the treatment of human and animal infections has led to the rise of resistance in pathogens and in commensal bacteria. In particular, farm animals may act as vectors for the dissemination of drug-resistant genes because of the intensive use of antibiotics in animal production, enabling resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents, including those normally used in human medicine. Escherichia coli, being a widespread commensal, is considered a good indicator of antibiotic use. Ultimately, it is emerging as a global threat, developing dramatically high levels of antibiotic resistance to multiple classes of drugs. Its prevalence in food animals is hence alarming, and more studies are needed in order to ascertain the spread dynamics between the food chain and humans. In this context, great attention should be paid to the accurate detection of resistance by conventional and molecular methods. In this review, a comprehensive list of the most widely used testing methods is also addressed.

Chryseobacterium frigidisoli sp. nov., a psychrotolerant species of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from sandy permafrost from a glacier forefield

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2666-2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felizitas Bajerski ◽  
Lars Ganzert ◽  
Kai Mangelsdorf ◽  
Lisa Padur ◽  
André Lipski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Glacier Forefield ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Wide Range

During diversity studies of the glacier forefields of the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, a novel psychrotolerant, non-motile Gram-negative, shiny yellow, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain PB4T was isolated from a soil sample. Strain PB4T produces indole from tryptophan and hydrolyses casein. It grows between 0 and 25 °C with an optimum growth temperature of 20 °C. A wide range of substrates are used as sole carbon sources and acid is produced from numerous carbohydrates. The major menaquinone is MK-6. Identified polar lipids are ethanolamines and ornithine lipids. Major fatty acids (>10 %) are iso-C15 : 0 (13.0 %) and iso-2OH-C15 : 0 (51.2 %). G+C content is 33.7 mol%. The polyamine pattern is composed of sym-homospermidine (25.1 µmol g−1 dry weight), minor amounts of cadaverine (0.2 µmol g−1 dry weight) and spermidine (0.4 µmol g−1 dry weight) and traces of putrescine and spermine (<0.1 µmol g−1 dry weight). Strain PB4T had highest 16S rRNA gene similarities with the type strains of Chryseobacterium humi (97.0 %) and Chryseobacterium marinum (96.5 %). Considering phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain PB4T represents a novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium (family Flavobacteriaceae ), for which the name Chryseobacterium frigidisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PB4T ( = DSM 26000T = LMG 27025T).

scholarly journals Rhodococcus as Biofactories for Microbial Oil Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4871
Author(s):  
Héctor M. Alvarez ◽  
Martín A. Hernández ◽  
Mariana P. Lanfranconi ◽  
Roxana A. Silva ◽  
María S. Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Wide Range

Bacteria belonging to the Rhodococcus genus are frequent components of microbial communities in diverse natural environments. Some rhodococcal species exhibit the outstanding ability to produce significant amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) (>20% of cellular dry weight) in the presence of an excess of the carbon source and limitation of the nitrogen source. For this reason, they can be considered as oleaginous microorganisms. As occurs as well in eukaryotic single-cell oil (SCO) producers, these bacteria possess specific physiological properties and molecular mechanisms that differentiate them from other microorganisms unable to synthesize TAG. In this review, we summarized several of the well-characterized molecular mechanisms that enable oleaginous rhodococci to produce significant amounts of SCO. Furthermore, we highlighted the ability of these microorganisms to degrade a wide range of carbon sources coupled to lipogenesis. The qualitative and quantitative oil production by rhodococci from diverse industrial wastes has also been included. Finally, we summarized the genetic and metabolic approaches applied to oleaginous rhodococci to improve SCO production. This review provides a comprehensive and integrating vision on the potential of oleaginous rhodococci to be considered as microbial biofactories for microbial oil production.

scholarly journals Characterization and Biotechnological Potential of Intracellular Polyhydroxybutyrate by Stigeoclonium sp. B23 Using Cassava Peel as Carbon Source

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Murilo Moraes Mourão ◽  
Luciana Pereira Xavier ◽  
Ralph Urbatzka ◽  
Lucas Barbosa Figueiroa ◽  
Carlos Emmerson Ferreira da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
Cassava Peel

The possibility of utilizing lignocellulosic agro-industrial waste products such as cassava peel hydrolysate (CPH) as carbon sources for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis and characterization by Amazonian microalga Stigeoclonium sp. B23. was investigated. Cassava peel was hydrolyzed to reducing sugars to obtain increased glucose content with 2.56 ± 0.07 mmol/L. Prior to obtaining PHB, Stigeoclonium sp. B23 was grown in BG-11 for characterization and Z8 media for evaluation of PHB nanoparticles’ cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. As results, microalga produced the highest amount of dry weight of PHB with 12.16 ± 1.28 (%) in modified Z8 medium, and PHB nanoparticles exerted some toxicity on zebrafish embryos at concentrations of 6.25–100 µg/mL, increased mortality (<35%) and lethality indicators as lack of somite formation (<25%), non-detachment of tail, and lack of heartbeat (both <15%). Characterization of PHB by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis revealed the polymer obtained from CPH cultivation to be morphologically, thermally, physically, and biologically acceptable and promising for its use as a biomaterial and confirmed the structure of the polymer as PHB. The findings revealed that microalgal PHB from Stigeoclonium sp. B23 was a promising and biologically feasible new option with high commercial value, potential for biomaterial applications, and also suggested the use of cassava peel as an alternative renewable resource of carbon for PHB biosynthesis and the non-use of agro-industrial waste and dumping concerns.

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