scholarly journals Case grammar in film “the Professor and the Madman” based on Charles J. Fillmore’s Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basid ◽  
Argha Zidan Arzaqi ◽  
Ali Makhfud Afiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Use ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
Source Case ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Locative Case

The sentences spoken by the actors in the dialogue contained in the film “the Professor and the Madman” consist of a variety of structures that form a grammatical construction, so that the sentences can be understood and the dialogue can run well and smoothly. In the context of Charles J. Fillmore’s case grammar, the various structures that form a grammatical construction in a sentence are called modality and proposition. In a line with that background, the purposes of the research are: (1) to reveal the modality in film “the Professor and the Madman” based on the perspective of Charles J. Fillmore; (2) to describe the proposition in film “the Professor and the Madman” based on the perspective of Charles J. Fillmore. This research is qualitative, descriptive and literary research. The data source in this research is film “the Professor and the Madman” directed by P.B. Shemran. The data collection techniques in this research use watching, reading-listening and taking note. The data analysis techniques consist of three stages, namely: (1) choosing and classifying data based on modality and its forms; and proposition and its forms; (2) illustrating and writing down case grammar elements and their forms on the table, explaining them sequentially and interpreting them based on Charles J. Fillmore’s perspective; and (3) conducting the induction of interpretation summary to obtain substantive and formative conclusions. The results are: (1) modality has types, including tense: past, present and future; mode: desiderative, imperative, indicative, and interrogative; negation: no and not; adverb: frequency, manner, degree, quantity, and explanatory; (2) there are several types of proposition. They are agentive case (A): first personal pronoun, second pronoun, and third pronoun; experiential case (E): verb (basic) and verb (modal); instrumental case (I): noun and sense; objective case (O): human and thing; source case (S): noun phrase and noun; goal case (G): human and place; locative case (L): area, part of house, and office; time case (T): part of the day, year, and century; collateral case (C): with + noun; and benefactive case: for + noun. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that if a sentence is viewed from the case grammar theory, then it must have an inner structure consisting of modality and or proposition. Modality and proposition consist of types and each of types has the various forms.

scholarly journals Peran Teknologi Pendidikan Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Kelas Iii Di Mi Ma’arif Pademonegoro Sukodono

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Nurdyansyah Nurdyansyah ◽  
Qorirotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Education Technology ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Mathematics Class

This study aims to determine the importance of technology role in Mathematics Class III in MI Ma'arif Pademonegoro, knowing the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the application of Mathematics Class III in MI Ma'arif Pademonegoro.Tenelitian is a type of qualitative research using Qualitative descriptive approach and using field research methods (Field Research). Data collection techniques in this study using interviews, observation and documentation and analyzed by using triangulation analysis techniques consisting of three stages namely 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, and 3) drawing conclusions.keyword: Education technology, Mathematic

scholarly journals Persespsi Guru Terhadap Media Pop-Up Book Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Kelas V SDN Tanjungsari

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Ripa Nurul Padilah ◽  
Andi Nurrochmah ◽  
Din Azwar Uswatun
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Class V ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Media ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Teacher's Perception

This research is a qualitative study aimed to describe the teacher's perception of pop-up book media when applied to the material building space in the V grade elementary school. The research method of using qualitative descriptive with the research data source is the teacher of grade V in elementary school Tanjungsari, namely VA and VB. The data collection techniques used are online interviews through the WhatsApp app. Data analysis techniques using the technical of Miles and Huberman are data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions. The result of this study raises positive perceptions of class V teachers. The Media pop-up book is interesting to apply to material solid figure in class V, seeing students who are always interested in new things, because this media has not been used, so that the media pop-up book is very good to be applied in class V, in order to support the creativity of students, so that students will be happy and think critically in the process of learning math material solid figure.

scholarly journals PERILAKU BERBAHASA ANTARA KARYAWAN SUKU BUTON DAN SUKU BURU DI KOPERASI SERBA USAHA BURU JAZIRAH, NAMLEA [The Language Behavior Between The Employee of Buton Tribe and Buru Tribe in Koperasi Serba Usaha Buru Jazirah, Namlea]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Nanik Indrayani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

As good citizens, when we gather among fellow language users who have different regional languages, we must always use Indonesian as a language of unity. This study aims to describe how the language behavior between the employees of the Buton tribe and the Buru tribe at the Buru Jazirah Namlea Multipurpose Cooperative and how the language behavior barriers between Buton and Buru tribe employees at the Buru Jazirah Namlea Multipurpose Cooperative in Namlea Buru Maluku Regency. This qualitative descriptive study examines linguistic phenomena. The data source in this study is the utterances used between the employees of the Buton tribe and the Buru tribe in the Buru Jazirah Namlea Multipurpose Cooperative which contains the regional languages of the two tribes. The method of data collection is done through non-participant observation. While the technique of data collection is done through the technique of referring to skillful engagements, recording techniques, and note-taking techniques. The data that has been classified is then analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study revealed that the language behavior between the employees of the Buton tribe and the Buru tribe at the Buru Jazirah Namlea Multipurpose Cooperative was initially not very good considering they communicated with each other in their respective languages but over time this could be overcome so that between the Buton tribes and the Buru tribe cooperated well. Subsequent findings of language barriers between Buton and Buru tribes employees at the Buru Jazirah Namlea Multipurpose Cooperative influenced their respective regional languages, between the two tribes unable to understand each other because the two tribes used their respective regional languages. when interacting.  Sebagai warga negara yang baik, ketika kita berkumpul antara sesama pengguna bahasa yang saling berbeda bahasa daerah, kita harus selalu menggunakan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa persatuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana perilaku berbahasa antara karyawan suku Buton dan suku Buru di Koperasi Serba Usaha Buru Jazirah Namlea dan bagaimana hambatan-hambatan perilaku berbahasa antara karyawan suku Buton dan suku Buru di Koperasi Serba Usaha Buru Jazirah Namlea di Namlea Kabupaten Buru, Maluku. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini mengkaji tentang fenomena kebahasaan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan-tuturan yang digunakan antara karyawan suku Buton dan suku Buru di Koperasi Serba Usaha Buru Jazirah Namlea yang mengandung bahasa daerah kedua suku tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi nonpartisipasi. Sementara teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat. Data yang sudah diklasifikasi kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif.            Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa perilaku berbahasa antara karyawan suku Buton dan suku Buru di Koperasi Serba Usaha Buru Jazirah Namlea pada awalnya kurang begitu baik mengingat mereka saling berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa daerah masing-masing, namun seiring dengan berjalannya waktu hal tersebut bisa teratasi sehingga antara suku Buton dan suku Buru terjalin kerja sama dengan baik. Temuan berikutnya hambatan-hambatan  yang terjadi dalam perilaku berbahasa antara karyawan suku Buton dan suku Buru di Koperasi Serba Usaha Buru Jazirah Namlea yaitu pengaruh bahasa daerah masing-masing antara kedua suku tersebut tidak bisa saling memahami karena kedua suku tersebut menggunakan bahasa daerah mereka masing-masing ketika berinteraksi.

scholarly journals Whatsapp as Da’wah Sipakainge’ Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Mahmuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
Collection Methods

This study aims to determine the use of WhatsApp as a media of da'wah sipakainge' for UIN Alauddin Makassar students, by raising the problem, namely how to use WhatsApp for UIN Alauddin students and why WhatsApp is used as a media for da'wah sipakainge' by UIN Alauddin Makassar students. This study examines the problem of using WhatsApp as a medium for preaching sipakainge' for UIN Alauddin Makassar students. This type of research is qualitative research using media, da'wah and sociological approaches as well as communication approaches. The data source of this research is the students of UIN Alauddin Makassar using data collection methods through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data processing and analysis techniques are qualitative descriptive techniques. Based on the results of the research, it shows that students of UIN Alauddin Makassar have used WhatsApp as a media of da'wah for social media ', this was found in a number of questionnaire results and interviews with UIN Alauddin Makasar students, which stated that WhatsApp was a means of communication for students, WhatsApp was a media of da'wah, the use of WA in spreading sipakainge' da'wah, many students use WA in spreading sipakainge' da'wah to individuals or groups. Meanwhile, the reason WhatsApp is used as a medium for preaching sipakainge' by UIN Alauddin students is because of the low cost, because many students access it because it is easy to communicate in groups because it is very easy to find invitations of kindness as material for sipakainge’ da'wah because it is easy to send da'wah material to groups. The implication of this research is the need to utilize and direct students in using WhatsApp in the learning process and use it according to the actual function of creating WhatsApp media as well as possible.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Petani Jagung oleh Stakeholders di Nagari Kataping Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Deni Ardila ◽  
Fitri Eriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Different Sources

The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibiting factors and forms of empowerment of corn farmers by Stakeholders in nagari Kataping Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The backround of this research is that there are still many nagari Kataping communities who do not yet know how to process corn after harvest. This research uses qualitative research methods with descriptive type. The technique of this research is purposive sampling. The informants of this guidelines the form of structured questions and documentation. Data validity test in this study uses data source triangulation techniques because the comparison and back-checking of the degree of information obtained through different sources. Data analysis techniques throught three stages, namely the stage of data reduction, the stage of data presentation, and the stage of drawing conclusions. The results of this study are the forms of empowerment of corn farmers by Stakeholders and the inhibiting factors for the cultivation of corn farmers by Stakeholders in the nagari Kataping Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

scholarly journals MENGGALI MAKNA NAMA-NAMA MAKANAN SEKITAR KAMPUS DI PURWOKERTO/EXPLORING THE MEANING OF FOOD NAMES AROUND CAMPUS IN PURWOKERTO

Aksara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
Muharsyam Dwi Anantama ◽  
Aditya Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Data Similarity ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source

Abstrak Nama adalah kata-kata yang menjadi identitas bagi benda, peristiwa, dan makhluk di dunia. Manusia hidup dalam relasi yang rumit dan beragam, untuk memudahkan penyebutan kemudian diberikan penamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis makna, jenis penamaan, dan komponen makna nama-nama makanan di sekitar kampus di Purwokerto. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semantik. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah nama-nama makanan yang berjumlah 19 data. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah pembuat dan penjual makanan kaki lima di sekitar kampus di Purwokerto. Tahap penyedian data menggunakan teknik wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, antara lain (1) pengumpulan data, (2) reduksi data, (3) penyajian data, dan (4) penarikan simpulan. Hasil dan pembahasaan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis makna yang ada dalam data adalah makna denotatif (5 data), makna konotatif (3 data), makna kontekstual (2 data), dan makna referensial (3 data). Jenis penamaan yang ditemukan adalah peniruan bunyi (1 data), penamaan sifat khas (2 data), penamaan tempat asal (1 data), penamaan bahan (1 data), penamaan keserupaan (1 data), penamaan pemendekan (1 data). Komponen makna yang ditemukan antara lain berdasarkan bahan yang digunakan, berdasarkan warna, berdasarkan bentuk, berdasarkan pembuatan, dan berdasarkan kemasan. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa penamaan makanan dapat ditelusuri dari tiga aspek, yaitu jenis, makna, dan komponen makanan dengan menerapkan pada aspek semantiknya. Kata kunci: nama makanan, makna, penamaan, sematik Abstract Names are words that become identities for things, events, and creatures in the world. Humans live in complex and diverse relationships, so that naming is given to facilitate the naming. This research aims to describe the types of meanings, types of naming, and components of the meaning of food names around the campus in Purwokerto. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. This research uses a semantic approach. The data in this research are 19 food names. The data source in this research is the maker and seller of street food around the campus in Purwokerto. Data collecting stage uses interview techniques. Data analysis techniques used include (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) drawing conclusions. The results and discussion of this research indicate that the types of meanings contained in the data are denotative meanings (5 data), connotative meanings (3 data), contextual meanings (2 data), and referential meanings (3 data). The types of naming found are mimicking sounds (1 data), naming unique traits (2 data), naming origin (1 data), naming material (1 data), similarity naming (1 data), naming shortening (1 data). The meaning components that are found are based on the material used, based on color, based on shape, based on manufacture, and based on packaging. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that the naming of food can be traced from three aspects, namely the type, meaning and component of food by applying to its semantic aspects. Keywords: food names, meanings, naming, semantic

scholarly journals Klasifikasi Emosi Tokoh Nathan dalam Novel Dear Nathan Karya Erisca Febriani: Kajian Perspektif David Krech

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Ayu Septiana ◽  
Murahim ◽  
Marii
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Using Data

Abstrak: Masalah yang diangkat pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah bentuk klasifikasi emosi tokoh Nathan dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani: kajian perspektif David Krech. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan klasifikasi emosi tokoh Nathan dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani: kajian perspektif David Krech. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data-data tertulis  yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan tokoh Nathan dalam novel  Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani yang mencerminkan klasifikasi emosi perspektif David Krech. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani yang diterbitkan oleh Best Media tahun 2016 dengan 520 halaman. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan studi pustaka dan teknik baca catat. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data dengan mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh klasifikasi emosi perspektif David Krech pada tokoh Nathan dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani. Klasifikasi emosi tersebut yaitu konsep rasa bersalah, rasa bersalah yang dipendam, menghukum diri sendiri, rasa malu, kesedihan, kebencian dan cinta. Klasifikasi emosi yang paling dominan dalam tokoh Nathan adalah klasifikasi emosi kebencian, sedangkan klasifikasi emosi yang lemah dalam tokoh Nathan adalah klasifikasi emosi konsep rasa bersalah. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan dalam meneliti dan mengembangkan penelitiaan yang berkenaan dengan teori klasifikasi emosi perspektif David Krech. Abstract: The problem raised in this study is how the emotional classification of Nathan's character in the novel Dear Nathan by Erisca Febriani: Study of David Krech's Perspective.  This study aims to describe the emotional classification of Nathan in the novel Dear Nathan by Erisca Febriani: David Krech's Perspective Study. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. This study uses written data obtained from observations of Nathan's character in Erisca Febriani's Dear Nathan novel that reflects the emotional classification of David Krech's perspective. The data source in this study is Erisca Febriani's Dear Nathan novel published by Best Media in 2016 with 520 pages.  The data collection method used in this research is to use literature study and note-taking techniques. The data in this study were analyzed using data analysis techniques by identifying, classifying, analyzing, and concluding. The results of this study indicate that there are seven emotional classifications of David Krech's perspective on Nathan's character in Erisca Febriani's Dear Nathan novel. This emotional classification is the concept of guilt, buried guilt, self-punishment, shame, sadness, hatred and love. The most dominant emotional classification in Nathan's character is the classification of hate emotions, while the weak emotional classification in Nathan's character is the emotional classification of the concept of guilt. It is hoped that this research can become input in researching and developing research relating to David Krech's perspective of emotional classification theory.

scholarly journals Implementation of WhatsApp Group in An EFL Classroom

LETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Selvianah Selvianah ◽  
Achmad Taqlidul Chair Fachruddin ◽  
Nihla Afdaliah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Three Stages

This research aims to see the implementation of WhatsApp media in EFL Classroom. Researcher used qualitative descriptive data collection through observation to see the learning process that took place in WhatsApp group, then interviewed students and teacher, and finally documentation. Data analysis techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. From the research results, it can be seen that the learning process is divided into three stages, namely: 1) Planning, 2) Implementation which is divided into three stages, namely: opening, core and closing activities and 3) evaluation. In this case, students can still participate in the learning process using WhatsApp group and easily accessible, save quota and also have various features that teacher can choose to use in the learning process such as WhatsApp groups, chat messages, document files, videos or photos. In addition, there are still obstacles that faced by teacher and students such as teacher cannot observe directly, learning is not optimal, poor internet network, full cellphone memory or lack of understanding of the material.

scholarly journals DAKWAH BAHASA LOKAL PADA MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN BONTONOMPO SELATAN KABUPATEN GOWA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Herman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Emotional Connection ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Three Stages

The aim of this research is to know the use of Makassar Language in Dakwah activity at South Bontonompo district, Gowa regency. The problem of this research involves the community understanding about Dakwah through Makassar language at South Bontonompo district Gowa regency; the implementation of in Dakwah through Makassar language at South Bontonompo district Gowa regency. This research used qualitative descriptive research with Normative and Dakwah approach. The researcher gets the data from community, Dai, public figure of South Bontonompo district Gowa regency. The method of collecting data are observation, interview, documentation, and literature review. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion making. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Community understanding of the Makassar language Dakwah in South Bontonompo district of Gowa Regency, namely: a) Da'wah is easier to understand, b) Da'wah is more touching, c) Da'wah is closer (emotional connection), d) Dakwah has meaning deeper; 2) The implementation of the Makassar language in da'wah in South Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency, namely: a). Makassar Sinrili, b). Makassar Kelong, c). Paruntu 'Kana Makassar, d). Pasang Makassar, as well as Khotbah and Lectures. 

scholarly journals HOMONIM BAHASA KEPULAUAN TUKANG BESI DIALEK KALEDUPA DI KABUPATEN WAKATOBI [The Homonymon of Tukang Besi Island languange in Kaledupa Dialect at Wakatobi Regency]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susiati Susiati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aimed to describe the form of word classes that was deeply conformed in the  Tukang Besi Island languange, Kaledupa dialect at Wakatobi Regency. This research method was qualitative descriptive method. The data source was taken from the native speakers  of Tukang Besi Island language, Kaledupa dialect and it was in oral data. Methods and techniques of data collection were observation methods with participantive observation techniques, recording , and noting techniques. Data analysis techniques were data selection, data classification, meaning, and data analysis. The results proved that the form ofhomonimic word class in  Tukang Besi Island languange, Kaledupan dialect were adjectives with nouns, nouns with nouns, verbs with adjectives, verbs with nouns, nouns with numerals, verbs with verbs, verbs with adverbs, particles with nouns. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud kelas kata yang berhomonim dalam Bahasa Kepulauan Tukang Besi Dialek Kaledupa di Kabupaten Wakatobi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber datanya diambil dari para penutur asli bahasa Kepulauan Tukang Besi Dialek Kaledupa dan jenis datanya berupa data lisan. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu metode observasi dengan teknik observasi partisipatif, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data, yaitu penyeleksian data, pengklasifikasian data, pemaknaan, dan penganalisisan data. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa wujud kelas kata yang berhomonim dalam bahasa Kelupauan Tukang Besi Dialek Kaledupa, yaitu adjektiva dengan nomina, nomina dengan nomina, verba dengan adjektiva, verba dengan nomina, nomina dengan numeralia, verba dengan verba, verba dengan adverbia, dan partikel dengan nomina.

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