scholarly journals Physicochemical, Druggable, ADMET Pharmacoinformatics and Therapeutic Potentials of Azadirachtin - a Prenol Lipid (Triterpenoid) from Seed Oil Extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
T. Loganathan ◽  
A. Barathinivas ◽  
C. Soorya ◽  
S. Balamurugan ◽  
T. G. Nagajothi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Different Parts

Azadirachtin (AZA) is the most abundant bioactive secondary metabolite (BASM) in neem seed oil extract (NSOE) of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. AZA is localised in different parts of the plant (seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, stem, bark and root) however, with varying degree of concentration. It has been documented that maximum concentration of AZA is present to the tune of 48000 μg g-1 in the seeds. It has been established that the environmental conditions determines the overall content and composition of BASM in different parts of the plant. Neem plant parts are most commonly used as therapeutic agents in remote villages in India for its ethnomedicinal therapeutic potentials; however, its physicochemical, druggable and pharmacological properties inadequately described. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the physicochemical, druggable and pharmacological properties of Azadirachtin in NSOE of A. indica from ADMET perspectives. Keywords: NEEM; Azadirachta indica; Azadirachtin; Pharmacoinformatics; ADMET; Drug-Likeness; Toxicology

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF LEAF, STEM-BARK AND ROOT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwali ON. ◽  
Idoko A. ◽  
Okolie JE ◽  
Ezeh E ◽  
Ugwudike PO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Different Parts

Plant chemicals abound in different parts of plants, in different compositions. Thus, the comparative screening of the leaf, stem-bark and root of Azadirachta Indica becomes imperative. The presence of nine phytochemicals which include; Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, Phenols, Steroids, Tannins, Reducing sugars and Anthraquinones, and the quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycoside in the leaf, stem-bark and root of Azadirachta indica were investigated. The plant parts were collected from a plantation grown in Okpotegu Echara, Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Plant samples were  air dried at room temperature, ground into uniform powder, sieved, bottled and labeled, ready for physico – chemical analysis. Results of the investigation revealed that anthraquinones were beyond detection limits in all the plant parts tested in both ethanol and aqueous extracts. Alkaloids were not detectable in leaf, stem-bark and root samples of aqueous extract. Glycosides were not detectable in leaf sample of ethanol and aqueous extracts. Quantitatively, the phytochemical compositions of each part showed higher concentrations of Alkaloids in the leaf, stem-bark and root (11.63%, 4.93% and 3.79%), compared to flavonoids (2.19%, 2.72% and 0.92%), saponins (0.70%, 1.12% and 0.44%), tannins (0.33 mg/100, 0.50mg/100 and 0.17mg/100) and glycosides (0.23%, 0.27% and 0.19%), respectively. Obviously, except for the higher percentage (11.63%) of alkaloids in the leaf, the phytochemicals in the stem-bark are higher as shown by the results, which could support the reason that the bark is preferably chewed commonly together with the stem as chew stick for its germicidal and antifungal action.

Study of anti-inflammatory effect of neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica) on infected albino rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
ManasRanjan Naik ◽  
Divya Agrawal ◽  
Rasmirekha Behera ◽  
Ayon Bhattacharya ◽  
Suhasini Dehury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling of Different Tissues of Barleria dinteri through the GC-MS Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1340
Author(s):  
Sechene S. Gololo ◽  
Chepape J. Semenya ◽  
Mutendela T. Olivier ◽  
Lesibana J. Sethoga ◽  
Emelinah H. Mathe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Different Parts

Barleria dinteri is a medicinal plant with distribution in the Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa as well as in Botswana, Swaziland and Namibia with exclusive specific habitation on limestone-rich soil. The plant species is used by traditional healers for wound healing and treatment of some intestinal tumours, as well as to relieve joint pains and toothache. The present study was aimed at the metabolite profiling of the different tissues (branches, flowers, leaves, roots) of Barleria dinteri using GC-MS analysis. Different extracts of the plant parts samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis and detected compounds were compared for presence amongst the different tissues. The results of the study revealed that all different parts (branches, flowers, leaves and roots) of B. dinteri, possess compounds that are detectable through GC-MS analysis with most compounds detected in the aerial parts, particularly the flowers. The results of the current study could serve as a basis for the possible plant parts substitution of the roots of B. dinteri with the aerial parts and the exploration of the pharmacological properties of the flowers for sustainable uses of the plant species for medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Potential of graded doses of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil on ruminal fermentation characteristics, degradability, and methane formation in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Al-Marzooqi ◽  
Sobhy M. Sallam ◽  
Othman Alqaisi ◽  
Hani M. El-Zaiat
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Neem Seed Oil

Abstract Neem (Azadirachta indica) belongs to Meliaceae family, represented mainly by trees, and widely cultivated and adapted in many tropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of neem seed oil (NSO) on ruminal methane (CH4) formation, diet degradability, and fermentation characteristics 24 h of in vitro incubation. Treatments were randomly designed to four doses of NSO supplemented to the basal diet (0, 20, 40, or 60 ml/kg DM). Increasing NSO dose resulted in a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in net gas (expressed as ml/g DM and ml/g TDOM) and CH4 (expressed as ml/g TDNDF) production, while CH4 (expressed as ml/g TDOM), acetate and propionate proportions decreased linearly confirming a dose-related effect. A quadratic increase in TDOM and linear increase (P = 0.023) in DNDF, NH3-N concentrations, and total protozoal counts were observed. However, a linear increase (P = 0.009) was found in the ruminal butyrate proportion and partitioning factor as dietary NSO supplementation increased. In conclusion, dietary NSO supplementation mediated some desirable fermentation patterns, reducing ruminal NH3-N concentration and CH4 production with some adverse effects on fiber degradability. However, practical research under long-term conditions is required for further investigation.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF OIL FROM NASCENT SEEDS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1436-1441
Author(s):  
Samuel Atabo ◽  
◽  
Zara Muhammad ◽  
Kurmi Ann Pyeng ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Depending on composition, fatty acids of plant sources are explicitly useful in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The present study characterizes Soxhlet extracted neem seed oil by determination of physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds. Extraction involved the use of solvent semi-continuous extraction method for 6 hours with N-hexane. Percentage Oil yield was at 39. Saponification value (50.490mgKOH/g), Iodine value (50.28g/100g), Acid value (5.610mgKOH/g), Free fatty acid (2.805w/w), Peroxide value (62.75meq/kg) and Specific gravity (0.948) were determined. Density at 250C, Flash point, boiling point, melting point, colour and Odour provided supportive information to the major physicochemical properties analyzed. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of the Soxhlet extracted Neem Seed oil showed different peak values of industrially essential compounds such as 7-Pentadecyne, Glycidyl palmitate, Oleic Acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid and methyl ester (Omega-6 acid). Saponification value was found to be high, suggesting the presence of FFA with low molecular weight, which brands the oil as essential in cosmetic and food industries. Low Iodine value and low total acidity seems to consolidate the usefulness of neem seed oil in cosmetic industries. Conversely, the high peroxide level makes it unsuitable for cooking. It may therefore be inferred that Soxhlet extracted Azadirachta indica seed may be industrially viable but less suitable for consumption.

Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Azadirachta indica Juss. Plant Parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Sujata Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Quantitative Screening

Azadirachta indica which is commonly known as neem plant has one of the most promising medicinal properties having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Fresh matured leaves, stem-bark and seeds of A. indica (neem) were collected, air dried and aqueous-extract was used to screen for some active chemical constituents. Phytochemicals of neem plant parts were extracted and screened both qualitatively and quantitatively. The screening of A. indica was carried out at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi in a quest to evaluate the phytochemicals. Among the qualitative tests done for the presence of secondary metabolites; alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids were found to present in all of the tested parts whereas steroids, polyphenols and tannins were present only in leaves and stem-bark. Glycosides and coumarins are absent in all of the tested parts. Quantitative screening was also done by using gravimetric method. Alkaloids were found in all the parts of A. indica with the highest amount of alkaloids were obtained in stem-bark (12.8%) and lowest in leaves (10.67%). Highest flavonoids percentage was revealed in leaves (13.8%) and lowest flavonoids in stem-bark (12.8%). Similarly, seeds (2.53%) contained saponins % while it was lowest in stem-bark (2.50 %). Terpenoids % were similar in both i.e. leaves and stem-bark (13.13%), whereas lowest in seeds (12.77%). More research on secondary metabolites will be helpful to the chemical industries to produce plant-based chemicals and minimize the environment degradation from different synthetic chemicals. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 122-127.  

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