scholarly journals Yield Performance of the Promising Cocoa Hybrids (Theobroma cacaoL.) at Dry Climate Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Multilocation Trials

Global climate change is impacting cocoa cultivation that cocoa trees must be adaptive in dry climate and higher temperature of environmental condition. This research had objective to observe adaptability performance of the promising hybrids of cocoa  ofthe selecting high yielding hybrid swhichare  tolerantto dry condition. Treatments were 14 hybrids of bi-clonal crosses betweenselected clones in factorial design in which KEE 2 was selected based on its resistance to vascular-streak dieback (VSD) and drought condition. Multilocation trials were established in Kaliwining Experimental Station in Jember (low land) and Sumber Asin Experimental Station in Malang (medium land) both of which were classified to dry land area. Yield per tree were assessed in monthly basis during 9 consecutive years of yield period. Data were performed to the combinedanalysis of variance followed by AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction). The results showed thatthe factor of hybrid, location, and interactionof hybrid and location to year contributed higher value of variance for the yield. Analysis of AMMI indicated that the hybrids of KEE 2 x Sulawesi 1 (F 1 and reciprocal) had highest yield potency and adaptive to low land (Kaliwining) on the other hand the hybrids of TSH 858 x KEE 2 (F 1 and reciprocal) were adaptive to medium land (Sumber Asin). Refer to yield adaptability to dry condition and other potential traits reported thus the hybrid of KEE 2 x Sulawesi 1 (F 1 and reciprocal) was released as cocoa planting material for addressing dry condition. The result also identified those hybrids inherited using KEE 2 performed more adaptive to dry condition. Further-more, the clone was suggested to be used as parental clone on breeding for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Yield Performance of Some Promising Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) at Dry Climate Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Bayu Setyawan ◽  
Indah Anita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Special Adaptation ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

El Nino effect as impact from global climate change needed anticipation effectively to keep cocoa production still give farmer benefit because effect of long dry season make some trouble in cocoa production. Cocoa production technology package that suitable in dry land needed for sustainable and empowerment cocoa production in marginal dry land. Principal component of this technology package is superior planting material because success of cocoa production depend on accuracy of selecting planting material. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute consistently carries out cocoa breeding programs aimed at overcoming problems in the field, specifically to obtain superior planting material that is tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. This research method was carried out by observing 22 promising clones of cocoa that were planted in the Kaliwining experimental station in the 2013-2017 observation period, each clone planted in three blocks. The observed variables included estimation of production, resistance to VSD, helopeltis, and pod rot. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that ICCRI 09 had a stable production performance from 2013 - 2017 while the promising clone of KW 641 had a special adaptation to dry conditions. Both of these clones have the potential to be developed as drought tolerant planting material to overcome the impact of climate change on cocoa production. The observation results of pest and disease attacks obtained a pattern that the clones that have tolerance to drought have good resistance to VSD.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KACANG TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMAU KABUPATEN KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Deni K.L. Mudin ◽  
Paulus Un ◽  
Lika Bernadina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Average

ABSTRACT Peanuts are one of the high economic value commodities in the dry land area. This commodity also contributes to the social life of the dry land area. This research has been conducted in Semau Sub-district, Kupang Regency, with the aim to determine the amount of income, break event point (BEP), R / C ratio, efficiency of capital use and factors that affect the income of peanuts farming, with the number of farmer respondents as many as 92 people , simple randomly selected. Data that has been collected by survey, library and interview methods; analyzed quantitatively-descriptive using regression methods. The results showed that the total average income of peanut farming in the study location was IDR 1,739,895 with a total average income of IDR 3,498,261 and a total average cost of IDR 1,758,366. While the break event point average of production is 147 Kg and the break event point price is IDR. 6.509, while for the total average the R / C ratio is 1.99. With factors that affect income are production (X1), seed costs (X2), and labor costs (X3). From the regression results with the Cobb-Douglass function the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.822 with the meaning that variations in independent variables such as production, seed costs and labor costs explain the dependent variable namely income (Y) of 82.20% and the rest 17.80 % is explained by variables outside of the variables analyzed. From the results of the F test (diversity test) it was found that the factors X1, X2, and X3 had a significant effect on income at ⍺ 1%, then accept H1 at least one of: βi ≠ 0. Whereas the results of the t test (partial test) obtained that factors significant effect on income, namely production (X1) and labor costs (X2), while the cost of seeds (X3) does not significantly affect income.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan, Produktivitas dan Hasil Hablur Klon Tebu Masak Awal-Tengah di Tanah Inceptisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyadi , ◽  
Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq ◽  
Dan Djumali
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT<br />    <br />Sugar cane is a strategic commodity for the Indonesian government as raw material for the national sugar industry. Cultivation of sugar cane has been shifted to dry areas dominated by Inceptisol, Vertisol, and Ultisol soil. These conditions require certain clones to obtain high sugar yield. New improved varieties have been developed and 8 early-mid maturiting clones have been obtained. The study was aimed to evaluate and obtain earty-mid maturing clones with higher sugar yield than the existing varieties in dry land of Inceptisol soil. The study was conducted at the Karangploso Experimental Station, Malang from July 2015 to September 2016. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consistsed of eight clones of early to mid maturing sugarcane clones and one control variety (Kenthung). The eight clones were (1) PS 04 117, (2) PS 04 259, (3) PS 04 129, (4) PS 05 258, (5) PS 06 391, (6) PS 06 370, (7) PS 06 188, and (8) JR 01. The results showed that three clones (PS 06 188, PS 05 258 and JR 01) produced higher sugar yield (10.45-11.88 ton ha-1), and the other clones showewd lower sugar yield (6.55-9.37 ton ha-1) than that of Kenthung variety (9.16 ton ha-1).PS 06 188 and PS 05 258 clones obtained the highest sugar yield of 11.88 and 11.49 ton ha-1, respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: dry land, performance, Saccharum officinarum,  sugar content, variety<br /><br />

scholarly journals Reproductive seasonality and environmental effects in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Penang Island, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
Sarahaizad Mohd Salleh ◽  
Hideaki Nishizawa ◽  
Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah ◽  
Ahmed Jalal Khan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Green Turtle ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Response To Environmental Change ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFor species with environmental sex determination, understanding the relationship between reproduction and environmental factors is important for predicting their reproductive output. Here, we study intra-annual variation in green turtle nesting during the 2010–2016 seasons at Penang Island (5°16′28″–5°28′15″N 100°10′52″–100°11′55″E), Malaysia. The additive modelling on a monthly-basis number of nests shows that fluctuation in the number of nests relates to temperature in addition to month of year, rather than precipitation. The number of nests tended to be higher in response to higher temperature during March–July, whereas the lower temperature during August–February also tended to result in a relatively higher number of nests. Concentration of nests during March–July resulted from a shorter inter-nesting interval during warm temperatures, whereas relatively low temperatures may homogenize the temporal distribution of the number of nests. This study provides fundamental information for green turtle nesting seasonality in response to environmental change.

scholarly journals Study of some abiotic factors and their influence on the yield and quality of four cherry cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Dimitar Vasilev ◽  
Maria Kaschieva
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Range Of Values

AbstractThe study was performed at the Experimental Station of Agriculture - Khan Krum in the period 2018-2019. The experimental plantation was established in 2001, the early Bigareau Burlat, middle early Bing and the late Germersdorfer and Van were tested. The planting material was produced on a mahaleb rootstock. The distance of planting was 6 meters interrow spacing and 5 meters intrarow spacing. The experiment was based on three replications each of them reported on a separate tree. When analyzing the frost percentage of flowers, 400 blossoms were taken from three levels of the crown of each tree, the same number of fruits were taken to determine the cracking percentage. Percentage of damaged blossoms, yield kg/ha and percentage of fruit cracking as a result of fallen rains during harvest were established. The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of abiotic factors on the yield and quality of four sweet cherry cultivars. In this regard, the frost percentage in the range of values was 67,3 - 100%. Bigareau Burlat yield was not obtained, and it was relatively low from Germersdorf and Bing (20,1 - 24,6 kg/ha) at Van 84,6 kg/ha. The number of cracked fruits due to fallen rains during harvest was relatively high in Van and Bing (39,8 - 47,4%), while in the Germersdorf cultivar it was lower - 21,2%.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Water Loss at Night: Global Relevance from Observations and Climate Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Padrón ◽  
Lukas Gudmundsson ◽  
Dominik Michel ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Nocturnal Transpiration ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements

Abstract. Nocturnal water loss (NWL) from the surface into the atmosphere is often overlooked because of the absence of solar radiation to drive evapotranspiration and the measuring difficulties involved. However, there is growing evidence that suggests NWL – and particularly nocturnal transpiration – represents a considerable fraction of the daily values. Here we provide a global overview of the characteristics of NWL based on latent heat flux estimates from the FLUXNET2015 dataset, as well as from simulations of global climate models. Eddy-covariance measurements at 99 sites indicate that on average NWL represents 6.3 % of total evapotranspiration. There are six sites where NWL is higher than 15 %; these are mountain forests with considerable NWL during winter related to snowy and windy conditions. Higher vapor pressure deficit, wind speed and soil moisture are related to higher NWL, although this is not consistent across all sites. On the other hand, the global multi-model mean of terrestrial NWL is 7.9 % of total evapotranspiration. The spread of the model ensemble, however, is greater than 20 % over 70 % of the land area. Finally, the multi-model mean of future projections indicates an increase of NWL everywhere by an average of 1.8 %, but the spread between models at individual locations is often twice as large at least. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of water loss during the night and opens the door to explore its influence on the water cycle and the climate system under present and future conditions.

scholarly journals Simulation of Possible Scenarios of Precipitations on River Basin of Water Reservoir with Considerate of Climatic Change.

10.29007/b742 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Ilinich ◽  
Irina Asaulyak ◽  
Alexandr Belolubtsev ◽  
Valentina Rashupkina
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Global Climate Warming ◽  
Precipitation Simulation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Moment

At the moment, it is generally accepted that global climate warming takes place. This process leads to increased precipitation in many regions, since warm air can contain more moisture and a higher temperature also accelerates the hydrological cycle, which should contribute to the increased precipitation and evaporation. Such hypothesis has to confirm for every region, since there are exceptions. Accordingly, the hypothesis checked in respect to precipitation of Moscow Meteorological station, which has observation during 135 years. It was defined, that precipitation amount of last decades is differed significantly from previous years, therefore, special method of Monte-Carlo was tested for precipitation simulation with discreteness of ten day periods according to data observations for the last 30 years, which represents more really today climatic situation. Such scenarios are needed for modeling of water reservoirs operation. The test results were enough satisfactory.

scholarly journals An Anatomy of State Failures in Forest Management in Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1189-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World

Deforestation remains one of the most intractable environmental problems of today. About one third the size of the original forest cover has disappeared so far. Despite continuous efforts by the world community to curb this process, deforestation continues unabated in most parts of the world, with serious consequences for the human livelihoods, eco systems, and global climate. Pakistan also faces serious problem of depletion of its forest reserves. Approximately 39000 ha of forest are being cleared every year.1 If deforestation continues at this pace, it is feared that Pakistan will lose most of its forest within the next thirty to forty years. Being a forest poor country, with forest occupying less than 5 percent of total land area,2 protection of its forest resources is a vital task. Forest management faces many challenges in Pakistan. Forests face tremendous pressure, not only from a population of 160 million people for meeting their needs3 (be it only subsistence needs), but also from market forces which have seen soaring timber prices for many years now. Forest department is ill equipped to counter these challenges. It lacks human and financial resources, and relevant technical expertise.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF COMMODITIES AREA GAMBIER (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) IN PAKPAK BHARAT SCALE 1 : 50.000

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Evaluation Result ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Cultivated Plant

Gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) is a cultivated plant regeneration in Pakpak Bharat. Gambir extract benefits as well as the pharmaceutical industry and traditional is quite interested so that market opportunities gambier quite open for the domestic market and abroad. Land potential and development opportunities gambir high enough, it is in the use of plantation area of 1,224 ha and optimization of dry land area of 16 049, 6 hectares (Pakpak Bharat in Figures, 2013). Gambier development in Pakpak Bharat tends to increase, so it is necessary to study the suitability of land to see the direction of the development of the appropriate location. This assessment was conducted by using ALES (Automated Land Evaluation System). SDPLE (Standard Procedure for Land Evaluation) data was imported to ALES program. Land evaluation result was show in spatial form. This form made by imported tabulation data to GIS (Geographical Information System) form. Suitability land maps (scale 1 : 250.000) present based on each commodities by ArcView program.

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