scholarly journals Influence of Tillage Methods and Plant Protection Agents on the Ecological Parameters of Soil Cover and Barley Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
A. A. Sardar ◽  
Zh. S. Tileubaeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Tillage Methods ◽  
Natural Cycles

Excessive and unbalanced use of the pesticides that is necessary to protect agrophytocenoses against pests leads to environmental pollution. Harmful pesticides tend to enter the natural cycles of substances. Therefore, they are quick to disappear or be destructed by biological agents. There are also “nondestructive” pesticides, which do not enter the natural cycles; neither they are accumulated in food chains and in biotopes. These substances have become an object of research in the fi eld of environmental safety.

Application of Potential Biological Agents in Green Bioremediation Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1216
Author(s):  
Debajyoti Kundu ◽  
Deblina Dutta ◽  
Subinoy Mondal ◽  
Smaranya Haque ◽  
Jatindra Nath Bhakta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Biological Organisms

Upgradation and advancement in every field related to mankind leads to the origin of a contaminated environment. Development in science and technology enabled humans to combat the rate of contaminants by using biological agents, commonly known as bioremediation. The chapter deals with the different species of bioremediation agents viz. bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals and organic wastes to treat diverse environmental pollution. The extent of environmental bioremediation encompasses inorganic viz. arsenic, chromium, mercury, cyanide etc. and organics viz. Hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides etc. Thus, the reasons for the control of water and soil by considering bioremediation are concern on public health, protection of environment, and cost reduction of decontamination. Different case studies have been demonstrated herein to understand the enigmatic process and evaluate practical efficacy of the environment to decontaminate itself by the presence of various biological organisms.

Environmental pollution and perturbations.

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Paul A. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environmental Disasters

Abstract This chapter contains questions about the pollution of air, land and water (and its effect on food chains), environmental damage and disturbance and major environmental disasters.

scholarly journals Effect of Vineyard Floor Management on Seasonal Changes of Cultivable Fungal Diversity in the Rhizosphere

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Barnabás Kovács ◽  
Csaba Dobolyi ◽  
Flóra Sebők ◽  
László Kocsis ◽  
Zoltán Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Vineyard Floor Management ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Tillage Methods

Vineyard floor management has been widely discussed for many decades, but it is still unclear how its intensity levels change the fungal community structure of grape rhizosphere. Our objective was to examine the density and rate of the habitats of fungi in three vineyards that differ only in the methods of tillage procedure applied, namely intensive, extensive and none (abandoned). The hypothesis was that in the cases of lower intensity or no soil tillage, there would be a higher level of fungal diversity with a lower ratio of pathogen strains in grape rhizosphere. In the course of this research, it has been determined that the level of fungal colonization of roots is the highest in the extensively managed vineyard, unrelated to season (spring and summer). Four of the five fungal genera detectable in all of the three sampled vineyards are registered as opportunist grape pathogens, however the fifth one, Trichoderma, is commonly used in biological plant protection. The diversity of fungal communities in grape rhizosphere, in accordance with the expectations, was the lowest in the intensively cultivated and highest in the abandoned vineyard, and it was not affected by seasons. The proportion of opportunist plant pathogen groups was higher in the intensive variant than in the other two (less-intensive variants); therefore, it is possible to conclude that soil under similar conditions but disturbed by intensive tillage methods tends to exhibit lower suppressivity.

scholarly journals Optimal ways to improve the greening of the production sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ovchinnikova ◽  
Aleksandr Borovkov ◽  
Elena Schneider ◽  
Andrey Kalinichenkо
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Production System ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Resource Intensity ◽  
The Relationship

The paper discusses a system of criteria that make it possible to assess the level of environmental safety of an enterprise. The model of the “nature-population-production” system and the very interaction of the system are presented. Environmental problems, problems of ecology of production, and consumption of natural resources lead to an increase in the rate of growth of production, which, in turn, leads to an increase in demand for resources, and as a consequence, to their irrational use, and then to massive emissions into the environment as waste. In order to improve the environmental situation in the country, some areas for improving the greening of the production sector are presented, which increase the efficiency of consumption and use of natural resources, while reducing environmental pollution by emissions, effluents, and waste. The main indicators that determine the level of environmental management are presented - indicators of resource intensity, an indicator of the degree of restoration of natural resources, and indicators of saving primary natural resources. All three indicators are part of the specific consumption of natural resources and can be used at the enterprise to control the consumption of natural resources, as well as in order to minimize waste through the use of secondary resources and low-waste technologies. The established ways of improving the greening of the production sector are able to improve the ecological situation in the regions of the country and establish the relationship between man, nature and the production sector.

scholarly journals PLANT-BENEFICIAL MICROBIAL INOCULANTS AND THEIR FORMULATION – A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Lavinia Diana Nicoleta Barbu ◽  
Oana-Alina Boiu-Sicuia
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms

" Agriculture plays a crucial role in the society and global economy and has a huge impact on the environment. Human overpopulation require higher amounts of food, and due to the overwhelming increase of health disorder it is a consumer demand for high quality food products. However, intensive agricultural practices involve the use of synthetic substances, with negative effects on human health and environmental safety. These triggered the concern of global regulatory agencies for new strategies and harsh regulations regarding agricultural inputs. Sustainable agriculture practices, including the use of renewable resources are now promoted. Biofertilizers, biopesticides and biostimulants contribute to agricultural yield and quality improvement, having a low detrimental impact on the environment. Microbial inoculants based on selected microorganisms are promising products that can improve plant growth and productivity and prevent crops from pest and diseases attack, being an environmental friendly approach. Plant beneficial microorganisms trigger various mechanisms for soil improvement, nitrogen fixation, nutrients solubilization and uptake in plants. Some beneficial microorganisms can release active biomolecule involved in plant protection, or suppress biotic and abiotic stress factors, revealing plant or environmental benefits. This study aims to review plant beneficial microbial agro-inoculants, successful formulations and application methods."

scholarly journals Tailoring Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Loaded with Chemical and Biological Agents for Agricultural Application and Production of Value-Added Foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4061
Author(s):  
Slaven Jurić ◽  
Marina Jurić ◽  
Anet Režek Jambrak ◽  
Marko Vinceković
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Agricultural Application

This work reviews the recent development of biopolymer-based delivery systems for agricultural application. Encapsulation into biopolymer microparticles ensures the protection and targeted delivery of active agents while offering controlled release with higher efficiency and environmental safety for ecological and sustainable plant production. Encapsulation of biological agents provides protection and increases its survivability while providing an environment safe for growth. The application of microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents presents an innovative way to stimulate plant metabolites synthesis. This enhances plants’ defense against pests and pathogens and results in the production of higher quality food (i.e., higher plant metabolites share). Ionic gelation was presented as a sustainable method in developing biopolymeric microparticles based on the next-generation biopolymers alginate and chitosan. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of advanced formulations against conventional ones. The significance of plant metabolites stimulation and their importance in functional food production is also pointed out. This review offers guidelines in developing biopolymeric microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents and guidelines for the application in plant production, underlining its effect on the plant metabolites synthesis.

scholarly journals Ensuring the environmental safety of residential areas of settlements based on the monitoring of acidic impurities in the atmospheric air кислых примесей в атмосфере

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Glinyanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Environmental Measures

Objectives. Purpose Monitoring of acidic impurities in the atmospheric air of residential areas of settlements is one of the areas of ensuring their environmental safety and is officially carried out at 221 stations in the Russian Federation in the study of atmospheric precipitation.Method. In areas where they are minimal, the author proposes an alternative method for assessing environmental pollution based on the preparation of aerosol suspensions. The purpose of this work was to study the acidity index (pH) of aerosol suspensions (washing off aerosols from the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) obtained in the Srednyaya Akhtuba region (Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region) in the spring-summer of 2020.Result. The results of the research demonstrated acidic aerosols ( pH = 5.32 + 0.01) in the atmospheric air rp Srednyaya Akhtuba in comparison with the conditionally clean zone (SNT "Oroshenets", "Shelf"), (pH = 6.39 + 0.02) The data indicate environmental pollution and on environmental risks for the population.Conclusion. Acidic impurities in the atmosphere of the middle Akhtuba region in comparison with the conditionally clean zone (SNT "Oroshenets", "Shelf"), which indicates environmental risks for the population. sources of pollution in residential areas of the settlement of Srednyaya Akhtuba and to develop environmental measures to protect the population from acidic impurities contained in aerosols, which requires further study of the territory.

scholarly journals Influence of Improved (Nano) Systems on Cultivated Corn Growth, Development and Yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Voropaeva ◽  
V. Karpachev ◽  
V. Varlamov ◽  
Oleg L. Figovsky
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Active Complex ◽  
Growth Development

Using physiologically active, complex, polyfunctional, multicomponent (nano) systems – (nano) chips in the pre-sowing soya treatment (nano) technology allows precise seeding; enhancing field seed germination; reducing plant morbidity rate considerably or even deleting disease incidents; increasing plant adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions; expanding crop yield; improving products quality by not using toxic chemical means of plant protection; intensifying competitive ability of agricultural products as well as assuring environmental safety in crop cultivation regions.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY STRUCTURE FORMING THE GROUNDWORK FOR A TERRITORIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PASSPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
A. L. Bolsherotov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Building Project ◽  
Security Structure ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract. Aim. The aim of the study is to develop an environmental passport based on the structure of integrated environmental safety for construction projects. With each year that passes, environmental problems are coming increasingly to the fore. As part of mitigation efforts, an environmental passport is required to assess and control the environmental safety of construction areas and building sites.Method. The study is based on the development of a sound model of integrated environmental safety in construction projects and a methodology for calculating its indicators, in particular, the indicator of “degree of concentration”. The methodology of ranking the factors by importance is applied.Results. The structure of a building site's environmental passport is presented, taking the entire spectrum of its direct impact and environmental pollution into account, as well as the indirect impact, energy efficiency and autonomy of the site. The scope of the environmental passport comprises the entire building lifecycle, from design to operation and liquidation. An environmental passport en-ables the identification of problematic impacts on the geophraphical area from an environmental point of view, as well as giving recommendations for resolving problems. The threshold of environ-mental safety is set for each geographical area under assessment (i.e., for each building project and geographical area, it is determined by the composition of relevant factors) and the existing level of environmental pollution is determined along with the ecological reserve of the area and its steady state range, i.e., the acceptable level of deviation of environmental safety indicators, which depends on temporary factors and the objective reality of the functioning of the infrastructure of the evaluated territory. For the design and construction of building projects, indicators of environmental reserve and technogenic pressure of the facility are of fundamental importance when making decisions.Conclusion. The article presents a rational assessment of the main indicators of the environmental pass-port, providing the structure of a comprehensive assessment of environmental safety. The research results are presented and the scope of the environmental passport proposed in the assessment of geo-graphical areas and evaluation of facilities and design.

scholarly journals Analysis of environmental problems of crop production and ways to solve them

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Yuri Shirokov ◽  
Valery Tikhnenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Environment

The article deals with engineering and technological problems of improving the environmental safety of crop production as a complex biotechnical system, for the environment, consumers of crop production and machine operators who ensure production in the field. It is noted that the impact of agriculture on the environment and humans is not only promoting global warming, participation in environmental pollution by pesticides and undigested remnants of mineral and organic fertilizers, the pollution of the production of field crops with residual amounts of pesticides and food is not absorbed nitrogen, toxic threat environment in the area of the machine, but unsustainable use of non-renewable resources, the availability of which depend on agricultural technologies. The main directions of minimizing environmental pollution and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources as a result of agricultural activities are shown.

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