scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR MANGAN (Mn) DALAM AIR DENGAN BEBERAPA VARIASI KONSENTRASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Darmawati Darmawati ◽  
Syarifah Maulidar ◽  
Khairun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Manganese Reduction ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Banda Aceh

The study aims to find out about the possibility of utilizing cassava peel waste as raw material for making activated carbon to reduce levels of Manganese in water. This study also wants to see the effect of variations in the concentration of activated carbon from cassava peels on decreasing levels of Manganese in water. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Akademi Analis Kesehatan Pemerintah Aceh and at the UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Banda Aceh on 3-11 March 2016. Manganese was analysed using the persulfate method while the Manganese was examinated by the spectrophotometric method. The sample used is an artificial sample by adding MnSO4 to water. The variation of activated carbon concentration added is 2 gr, 3 gr, and 4 gr. The results are that with the addition of 2 grams of activated carbon the percentage of Manganese reduction was 70.37%, the addition of 3 grams of activated carbon decreased Manganese concentration by 86.59%, while the addition of 4 grams of activated carbon reduced the percentage of Manganese to 92.33%. It can be concluded that the higher the concentration of activated carbon added, the higher the decrease in levels of Manganese in the water.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan Natrium Karbosimetil Selulosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Shella Permatasari Santoso ◽  
Niko Sanjaya ◽  
Aning Ayucitra
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium ◽  
Alcohol Solvent ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

The use of cassava peels as raw material for Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose productionCassava peels are abundantly available and may be used as an lowcost cellulose source (80-85% cellulose per weight cassava peel). the study was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloroacetate, and temperature reaction on the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium-CMC) characteristics i.e. yield, purity, and degree of substitution in sodium-CMC preparation.  Sodium-CMC functional group was determined using FTIR spectrophotometer. Cassava peels was dried and grounded to 50 mesh. Lignin was eliminated from cassava peel by extraction of grounded cassava peel with 10% NaOH at 35 °C for 5 h. Cassava peel free lignin was then re-extracted using 10% of acetic acid and sodium chloride at 75 °C for 1 h, thus cellulose free hemicellulose was obtained. Alkalization at 30 °C for 90 min was performed by adding sodium hydroxyde at 10-40% to cellulose using isopropyl alcohol solvent. Following this, etherification was conducted by adding sodium chloroacetate of 1-5 g at 50-80 °C for 6 h. As result, the highest purity of sodium-CMC (96.20%) was obtained from alkalization using 20% of sodium hydroxide and etherification using 3 g sodium chloroacetate at 70 °C. Sodium-CMC yield was 22% and degree of substitution 0.705.Keywords: cassava peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium-CMC, etherification AbstrakKulit singkong merupakan sumber selulosa yang berlimpah dan murah, dengan kadar selulosa 80-85% dari berat kulit singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan selulosa dalam kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (Na-CMC), mempelajari pengaruh natrium hidroksida, natrium kloroasetat serta suhu pada karakteristik Na-CMC seperti perolehan, kemurnian, dan derajat substitusi, serta menentukan kondisi operasi optimum untuk pembuatan Na-CMC berdasarkan kemurnian Na-CMC terbesar. Gugus fungsi Na-CMC ditentukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra. Mula-mula, kulit singkong dikeringkan dan dihancurkan sehingga berukuran 50 mesh. Kulit singkong diekstraksi dengan NaOH 10% di suhu 35 °C selama 5 jam, untuk melarutkan lignin. Kulit singkong bebas lignin diekstrak dengan asam asetat 10% dan natrium klorida dengan pemanasan 750 °C selama 1 jam untuk melarutkan hemiselulosa sehingga didapatkan selulosa. Alkalisasi dilakukan dengan mereaksikan selulosa dengan NaOH 10-40% dengan pelarut isopropil alkohol pada suhu 30 °C selama 90 menit, dilanjutkan eterifikasi dengan natrium kloroasetat 1-5 g pada suhu 50-80 °C selama 6 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, karakteristik Na-CMC terbaik didapatkan dari alkalisasi selulosa menggunakan NaOH 20% serta eterifikasi menggunakan 3 g natrium kloroasetat pada suhu 70 °C. Perolehan Na-CMC yang didapat adalah sebesar 22%, kemurnian 96,20%, derajat substitusi 0,705; termasuk dalam grade kedua menurut SNI 06-3736-1995.Kata kunci: kulit singkong, karboksimetil selulosa, Na-CMC, eterifikasi

scholarly journals Utilization of Cassava Rods Waste as Active Charcoal and The Effect of HCl Activator and Activation Time on Active Charcoal

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Yuni Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Very High

Some research proved that activated carbon could be made from organic materials or anorganic material with very high carbon content. The exist research of activated carbon from coconut shell, bagasse, cassava peel. In fact, there are a lot of material can be used as raw material, like cassava rods wastebecause the amount is very abundant and has not been widely used. This research aims toreceive the right conditionsin the manufacture of activated charcoal from cassava stem wastewith variations in concentration and time of activationwith chemical activation methodsusing a hydrochloric acid activatorto obtain activated charcoal products that fulfill the standards. Making activated charcoal begins withdehydrate the stem in the sun for around 2 days. The second is make cassava charcoal by installing a series of clinker drum cassava stems. The third is charcoal stem activationwith the size 100 mesh, mix charcoal with Hydrochloric Acidinto erlenmeyerwith concentration 1,5N; 2N; 2,5N; 3N; and 3,5Nthen stir with Heating Magnetic Stirrer, 105 ºC, during 2,5 hours, 3 hours, 3,5 hours, 4 hours, 4,5 hours. The results obtained by the best active charcoalat concentration3 Nwith activation time 4,5 hours, ash content 0.8%, andabsorption of iodine 399,67 mg/g.

scholarly journals Biosorption Studies for the Removal of Malachite Green from its Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Prepared from Cassava Peel

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S61-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Parvathi ◽  
T. Maruthavanan ◽  
S. Sivamani ◽  
C. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cassava Peel

The association of dyes with health related problems is not a new phenomenon. The effectiveness of carbon adsorption for dye removal from textile effluent has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment methods. The preparation of activated carbon from agricultural waste could increase economic return and reduce pollution. Cassava peel has been used as a raw material to produce activated carbon. The study investigates the removal of malachite green dye from its aqueous solution. The effects of condition such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and contact time were studied. The adsorption capacity was demonstrated as a function of time for malachite green from aqueous solution by the prepared activated carbon. The results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent was increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly. Higher adsorption percentages were observed at lower concentrations of malachite green dye. Silver nitrate treated cassava peel showed a better performance compared to Sulphuric acid treated and raw carbons, thus making it an interesting option for dye removal textile effluent.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on Production of Activated Carbon from Cassava Peel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
Mitha Puspitasari ◽  
Wibiana Wulan Nandari ◽  
Sri Wahyuni Santi R.
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
Cassava Peel

Cassava is a staple crop that can grow in Indonesia throughout the year and has a high adaptability to various soil conditions. Cassava or cassava can be processed into various food industries such The high carbon content of cassava peel makes it can be used as raw material for the manufacture of activated carbonas tapioca flour, fermentation industry, and other basic industries. Activated carbon is made by chemical activation of an alkaline solution. The results of the study produced activated carbon with a moisture content of 9.3406%, ash content of 6.5907%, iodine number 781,7656 mg/g . The results of the activated carbon have met the quality standard of SNI 06-3730-1995

scholarly journals Activated carbon from cassava peel: A promising electrode material for supercapacitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ospino-Orozco ◽  
Juliana Parra-Barraza ◽  
Sigifredo Cervera-Cahuana ◽  
Euler Eugenio Coral-Escobar ◽  
Oscar Vargas-Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Electrolytic Solution ◽  
Galvanostatic Charge ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

Supercapacitors are common devices in electrical circuits that produce electrical pulses at high power levels in short periods of time. Electrodes for supercapacitors were prepared with activated carbon. Activated carbon was obtained from cassava peels treated by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), each at two different concentrations and at one carbonization temperature. Electrochemical performance of the prepared electrodes was obtained by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge in a 3-electrode system with an electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 1 M. Cyclic voltammetry allowed to indentify a behavior of supercapacitors in a potential window of -0.4V to 0.6V. Activated carbon derived from cassava peel with the highest specific surface area (398.46 m2/g) has exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 64.18 F/g.

scholarly journals Ferromagnetic activated carbon from cassava (Manihot dulcis) peels activated by iron(III) chloride: Synthesis and characterization

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2133-2146
Author(s):  
Gervais Kounou Ndongo ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Ketcha Joseph Mbadcam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cassava Peel

Ferromagnetic activated carbon (FAC) was prepared through impregnation of cassava peel with FeCl3 (3.75%) solution and pyrolyzed at 800 °C. Samples were characterized using iodine number, methylene blue number, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transformation infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental analysis and N2 adsorption for surface area determination. The proximate analysis of cassava peel showed that the moisture content, fixed carbon, ash content, and the volatile matter were 3.52%, 82.97%, 4.97%, and 8.54%, respectively. The prepared FAC had a BET surface area of 405.9 m2/g, pore size of 2.03 nm and total pore volume of 0.11 cm3/g. The SEM analysis showed the presence of both micro and mesopores on the FAC sample. The XRD pattern of FAC showed the presence of characteristic peaks of magnetite–maghemite, confirming that the prepared material is ferromagnetic. According to the experimental results, the cassava peels are considered as appropriate raw material for FAC preparation.

scholarly journals Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Kayiwa ◽  
Hillary Kasedde ◽  
Michael Lubwama ◽  
John Baptist Kirabira
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract The search for alternatives to fossil based commercial activated carbon (AC) continues to reveal new eco-friendly potential precursors, among which is agricultural waste. The key research aspect in all these endeavors is empirical ascertainment of the core properties of the resultant AC to suit a particular purpose. These properties include; yield, surface area, pore volume and the active surface groups. It is therefore pertinent to have process conditions controlled and tailored towards these properties for the required resultant AC. Highly porous AC was prepared from cassava peels by pre-treating and activating them using NaOH and KOH respectively. The carbonization temperatures were between 480 and 780°C in an activation-carbonization stepwise process using KOH as the activator at a KOH: peel ratio of 5:2 (mass basis). A 42% maximum yield of AC was realized along with a total pore volume of 0.756 cm3g− 1 and BET surface area of 1684 m2g− 1. The AC was dominantly microporous for carbonization temperatures below 780°C but a remarkable increase in mesopore volume (0.471 cm3g− 1) relative to the micropore volume (0.281 cm3g− 1) was observed at 780°C. The Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy for the pre-treated cassava peels showed distortion in the C-H bonding depicting possible elaboration of more lignin from cellulose disruption by NaOH. A carboxylate stretch was also observed owing to the reaction of Na+ ions with the carboxyl group in the raw peels. FTIR showed possible absorption bands for the AC between 1425 and 1712 cm− 1 wave numbers. Besides the botanical qualities of the cassava peel genotype used, pre-leaching the peels and also increasing holding activation temperature above the melting point of potassium enabled the modified process of producing highly porous AC from cassava peel. The SEM imaging showed well-developed hexagonal pores in the resultant AC.

Production and utilization of cassava peel activated carbon in treatment of effluent from cassava processing industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Omotosho ◽  
A. Y Sangodoyin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Activation Ratio ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
No Activation ◽  
Zncl2 Activation ◽  
Cassava Peel

Industrial waste disposal is a worldwide problem. It is necessary to manage production facilities and systems properly to prevent environmental degradation. The major aim of this study was to produce Zinc Chloride activated carbon from cassava peels which is a major solid waste from the cassava production process. The wastewater from cassava processing was treated using a peroxide oxidation process before being subjected to adsorption using Cassava Peel Activated Carbon (CPAC) at different activation levels. Results from the study shows that CPAC at activation ratio of 1:1 was the most effective as all parameters after adsorption with the exception of suspended solids fell below FEPA interim standard on discharge. The CPAC at 2:3 activation ratio also met the discharge standards but after 8 hrs of contact time. The result shows that CPAC could be adopted for treatment of cassava industry wastewater. Decontamination efficiency of the CPAC was 100% for Ni, Cd, Cr and CN at all activation levels while BOD5 removal for no activation, 1:3, 2:3, 1:1 ZnCl2 activation levels were 78.8, 85.9, 87.9 and 92.9% respectively. The CPAC exhibited the lowest values for Ca removal efficiency of 8.9, 8.9, 10.1 and 10.1% for no activation, 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1 activation levels respectively. Colour removal efficiency values were 33.3, 41.7, 41.7 and 50.0% respectively after 8 hrs of contact time.

scholarly journals Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kayiwa ◽  
H. Kasedde ◽  
M. Lubwama ◽  
J. B. Kirabira
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

AbstractThe search for alternatives to fossil-based commercial activated carbon (AC) continues to reveal new eco-friendly potential precursors, among which is agricultural waste. The key research aspect in all these endeavors is empirical ascertainment of the core properties of the resultant AC to suit a particular purpose. These properties include: yield, surface area, pore volume, and the active surface groups. It is therefore pertinent to have process conditions controlled and tailored towards these properties for the required resultant AC. Pre-leaching cassava peels with NaOH followed by KOH activation and carbonization at holding temperatures (780 °C) above the melting point of K (760 °C) yielded mesoporous activated carbon with the highest surface area ever reported for cassava peel-based AC. The carbonization temperatures were between 480 and 780 °C in an activation–carbonization stepwise process using KOH as the activator at a KOH:peel ratio of 5:2 (mass basis). A 42% maximum yield of AC was realized along with a total pore volume of 0.756 cm3g−1 and BET surface area of 1684 m2g−1. The AC was dominantly microporous for carbonization temperatures below 780 °C, but a remarkable increase in mesopore volume (0.471 cm3g−1) relative to the micropore volume (0.281 cm3g−1) was observed at 780 °C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the pre-treated cassava peels showed distortion in the C–H bonding depicting possible elaboration of more lignin from cellulose disruption by NaOH. A carboxylate stretch was also observed owing to the reaction of Na+ ions with the carboxyl group in the raw peels. FTIR showed possible absorption bands for the AC between 1425 and 1712 cm−1 wave numbers. Besides the botanical qualities of the cassava peel genotype used, pre-leaching the peels and also increasing holding activation temperature above the boiling point of potassium enabled the modified process of producing highly porous AC from cassava peel. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed well-developed hexagonal pores in the resultant AC and intercalated K profile in the carbon matrices, respectively.

scholarly journals Study on Adsorption Properties of Modified Corn Cob Activated Carbon for Mercury Ion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4483
Author(s):  
Yuyingnan Liu ◽  
Xinrui Xu ◽  
Bin Qu ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Weiming Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Mercury Ions ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
X Ray

In this study, corn cob was used as raw material and modified methods employing KOH and KMnO4 were used to prepare activated carbon with high adsorption capacity for mercury ions. Experiments on the effects of different influencing factors on the adsorption of mercury ions were undertaken. The results showed that when modified with KOH, the optimal adsorption time was 120 min, the optimum pH was 4; when modified with KMnO4, the optimal adsorption time was 60 min, the optimal pH was 3, and the optimal amount of adsorbent and the initial concentration were both 0.40 g/L and 100 mg/L under both modified conditions. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Zeta potential characterization results showed that the adsorption process is mainly physical adsorption, surface complexation and ion exchange.

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