scholarly journals Infeksi Plasmodium Berghei Anka pada Mencit Galur Swiss Webster dan C57bl/6 Sebagai Model Malaria Serebral

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Reno Intan ◽  
Tati Febrianti ◽  
Rita Marleta Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Cerebral malaria is a complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection and can cause death in humans. Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6 strain is widely used for cerebral malaria research. However, research to assess differences in brain histopathology, TNFα levels and the degree of parasitemia in Swiss websters infected with PbA are still limited. Therefore an infection with P. berghei ANKA strain was carried out on Swiss webster mice and C57BL/6 as a model of cerebral malaria. This research is a laboratory experiment with a post-test only control group design. Each experimental animal was divided into 3 groups namely PbA group (infected and given aquades), DHP (infected and given Dihidroartemisinin piperakuin), and healthy (mice not infected with PbA called aquades). Animal testing tried to examine parasitemia by microscopic counts on thin blood smear, calculation of serum TNFα levels by ELISA method and histopathology of the brain and slide microscopic examination with Haematoxylin Eosin staining conducted at the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Parasite Laboratory, Puslitbang BTDK, NIHRD; and Balitvet Pathology Laboratory by the research team. The results showed a peak percentage of parasitemia in the PbA group on day 4 for the Swiss webster strain (68.8%) and on the 5th day for the C57BL/6 strain (43.7%). The percentage of parasitemia was higher in the Swiss webster strain than in the C57BL/6 strain. TNFα levels in the Swiss webster strain (3.6 pg/ml) were higher than TNFα levels in the C57BL/6 strain (0.18 pg/ml). Histopathological changes in the brain consisting of lymphocyte cells, infiltration, macrophages, gliosis, necrosis, vacuolization and malaria parasitemia were found in both strains. The results showed that Swiss webster mice can be used as a model of cerebral malaria when seen from the clinical picture, the percentage of parasitemia, serum TNFα levels, macroscopic and microscopic brains that have similarities to the C57BL/6 strain. Keywords: Cerebral malaria, Plasmodium berghei ANKA, Swiss webster, C57BL/6. Abstrak Malaria serebral merupakan salah satu komplikasi infeksi Plasmodium falciparum dan dapat menyebabkan kematian pada manusia. Infeksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) pada mencit galur C57BL/6 banyak digunakan untuk penelitian malaria serebral. Di Indonesia, mencit Swiss webster banyak digunakan sebagai hewan coba untuk malaria, namun penelitian untuk menilai perbedaaan histopatologi otak, kadar TNFα dan derajat parasitemia pada Swiss webster yang diinfeksi PbA masih terbatas. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan infeksi P. berghei galur ANKA pada mencit Swiss webster dan C57BL/6 sebagai model malaria serebral. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen laboratorium dengan desain post-test only control group. Masing-masing galur hewan coba dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok PbA (diinfeksi dan diberi akuades), DHP (diinfeksi dan diberi Dihidroartemisinin piperakuin), dan sehat (mencit yang tidak diinfeksi PbA yang diberi akuades). Pengujian pada hewan coba meliputi pemeriksaan parasitemia dengan penghitungan kepadatan parasit secara mikroskopis pada ulas darah tipis, penghitungan kadar TNFα serum dengan metode ELISA serta gambaran histopatologi sediaan otak dengan pewarnaan Haematoksilin Eosin dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Coba, Laboratorium Parasit Puslitbang BTDK, Badan Litbangkes; dan Laboratorium Patologi Balitvet oleh tim peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan puncak persentase parasitemia kelompok PbA pada hari ke- 4 untuk galur Swiss webster (68.8%) sementara untuk galur C57BL/6 (43.7%) pada hari ke-5. Hal ini berarti bahwa puncak parasitemia lebih cepat dan tinggi terjadi pada galur Swiss webster dibandingkan pada galur C57BL/6. Demikian juga untuk kadar TNFα didapatkan bahwa pada galur Swiss webster (3.6 pg/ml) lebih tinggi dibandingkan galur C57BL/6 (0.18 pg/ml). Perubahan histopatologik otak berupa infiltrasi sel limfosit, makrofag, gliosis, nekrosis, vakuolisasi dan parasitemia malaria ditemukan pada kedua galur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mencit galur Swiss webster dapat dijadikan sebagai model malaria serebral. Kata kunci: Malaria serebral, Plasmodium berghei ANKA, Swiss webster, C57BL/6.

scholarly journals Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Bile Concentration

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrizha Roxb.) Terhadap Level Nekrosis pada Jaringan Lien Mencit Putih (Mus Musculus L.) Jantan Galur Balb/C yang Diinokulasi Plasmodium berghei anka

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD REYHAN ARSYA ◽  
PRAWESTY DIAH UTAMI ◽  
IRMAWATI IRMAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background : </strong>Malaria is a disease caused by the <em>Plasmodium</em> parasite and is transmitted by the <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito and is still a health problem in Indonesia due to high mortality and morbidity. One form of a severe complication of malaria in addition to cerebral malaria is a function failure of the spleen. Today, the management of malaria is increasingly limited due to resistance. Therefore, further development is needed to find new innovations in malaria treatment.</p><p><strong>Purpose : </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temulawak rhizome extract (<em>Curcuma xanthorhizza</em> Roxb.) On the level of necrosis in the spleen tissue of male BALB / c mice (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) inoculated with <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA.</p><p><strong>Methods :</strong>Experimental research used a post-test only control group design that used five groups of mice. One group of mice was left normal while the other four groups were inoculated with <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA, positive control groups were given aquades and three treatment groups treated with temulawak extract (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.) With a dose of 150 mg / KgBB, 100 mg / KgBB, and 50 mg / KgBB for four day. On the fifth day an observation of the level of necrosis in the spleen organ of mice to determine the level of necrosis by histopathological examination using a light microscope.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and Result : </strong>The results of this study indicate that the administration of ginger rhizome extract (<em>Curcuma xanthorriza</em> Roxb.) Has an influence on the level of necrosis of male mice (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) BALB / c inoculated with <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA α = 0,002 (ρ&lt;0,05), where the administration of temulawak extract can increase necrosis levels compared to the control group . This is probably due to the lack of temulawak extract dosage and lack of observation in this study.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>: Malaria, curcuma (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.), Necrosis level, <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Brain Gym terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IX IPA dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di SMA XYZ Tangerang [The Effects of Brain Gym in Helping Students' Concentration in Learning Math in Grade XI Science at XYZ Senior High School Tangerang]

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Tica Chyquitita ◽  
Yonathan Winardi ◽  
Dylmoon Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Brain Gym ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Math is considered to be one of the subjects that make it difficult for students to concentrate during the learning process because their brains become tired and tense. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">One of the most popular and trusted ways to improve learning is by using a 'gym gym' approach. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Therefore, the researchers wanted to see whether the 'gym gym' approach could improve learning concentration. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The research used a quasi-experimental post-test only control group design. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The population was the students of class XI Science Basic General Math A and B, while the sample was 15 students from XI Science B as the experimental group. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Using the Mann-Whitney U-test with an alpha level of 0.05 indicated the asymptote Sig of 0.001 &lt;0.05. This means that the concentration of learning in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group so it is concluded that the ‘brain gym’ approach did not significantly affect students’ concentration</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </span></span></strong><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Matematika menjadi salah satu pelajaran sulit yang menyebabkan siswa susah untuk berkonsentrasi selama belajar karena otak menjadi lelah dan tegang. Salah satu cara yang populer dan dipercaya dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar adalah brain gym. Sehingga peneliti ingin melihat apakah terdapat  pengaruh brain gym terhadap konsentrasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen desain post-test only control group. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas XI IPA A dan B dengan sampel 15 siswa dari kelas XI IPA B sebagai kelompok kontrol dan 15 siswa dari kelas XI IPA A sebagai kelompok eksperimen. Dengan menggunakan Mann-Whitney U-test dengan tingkat alfa 0,05 menunjukkan asymp. Sig sebesar 0,001&lt;0,05. Hal ini berarti konsentrasi belajar pada kelompok eksperimen lebih rendah dari pada kelompok kontrol sehingga disimpulkan bahwa brain gym tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi belajar siswa.</span></span></p>

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Terhadap Jumlah Eritrosit Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Jantan BALB/c yang Diinokulasi Plasmodium Berghei Anka

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
AZARINE NEIRA AVISHA ◽  
PRAWESTY DIAH UTAMI
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

<p>Malaria masih menjadi salah satu penyakit infeksi yang paling penting di negara tropis karena dapat menyebabkan anemia berat dan kematian. Dewasa ini, penatalaksanaan untuk malaria sendiri semakin terbatas karena adanya resistensi<a href="#_msocom_1">[O11]</a> . Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan adanya penemuan senyawa baru untuk menanggulanginya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak rimpang temulawak (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.)  terhadap jumlah eritrosit mencit (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) jantan BALB/c yang diinokulasi <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan desain <em>post-test only control group</em> dengan menggunakan lima kelompok mencit. Satu kelompok mencit dibiarkan normal sedangkan empat kelompok lain diinokulasi <em>Plasmodium berghei </em>ANKA, dimana satu kelompok diberi aquades dan tiga kelompok diterapi ekstrak temulawak  (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.) dengan dosis 150 mg/KgBB, 100 mg/KgBB, dan 50 mg/KgBB selama empat hari. Pada hari kelima dilakukan pemeriksaan darah untuk mengetahui jumlah eritrosit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah eritrosit mencit (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) jantan BALB/c yang diinokulasi <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA dandiberi ekstrak rimpang temulawak  (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.)dengan dosis 150 mg/KgBB dan 50 mg/KgBB menurun secara tidak bermakna. Sedangkan rerata jumlah eritrosit mencit (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) jantan BALB/c yang diinokulasi <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA dan diberi ekstrak rimpang temulawak (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.)  dengan dosis 100 mg/KgBB menurun bermakna (p=0,004).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Malaria, temulawak (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.), Eritrosit, <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA.</p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><div><p> <a href="#_msoanchor_1">[O11]</a>Resistensi terhadap apa?</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Antimalarial activity of goat bile against Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Windya Tri Hapsari ◽  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Drug Candidates

Abstract Goat bile has been used by some Indonesian people to treat malaria and increase their stamina. This study aimed to prove whether goat bile toxic or not in BALB/c mice and to verify the antimalarial activity of goat bile at various concentrations in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Acute toxicity test was performed using twenty male BALB/c mice with an average body weight of 25 grams, which were divided into four groups. Mice were given 25%, 50%, and 100% goat bile, respectively, while negative control was given distilled water. Any change in weight, odor, color, agitation, appearance, color of urine and feces, coma, and death, were recorded. A different set of mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA. This study conducted using the posttest only control group design with four treatments and five replications. A four day-treatment of goat bile was given by oral gavage to find out its effect on parasitemia level. Infected mice were divided randomly into 4 groups, where the GBNeg group as negative control was given only distilled water. The GB25, GB50, and GB100 groups were treated with 25%, 50%, and 100% goat bile, respectively. The parasitemia was observed daily on Giemsa-stained tail blood smears of each mice. No death or other sign of toxicity was found in goat bile-treated mice. Goat bile showed anti-malarial activity. The parasitemia in all goat bile treated groups was lower compared with the negative control group. The ED50 of goat bile against the growth of parasite was 48,55 %. Goat bile is a potential source of new antimalarial therapies. Further investigations are recommended to yield new anti-malarial drug candidates. Keywords                :    Goat bile, parasitemia, Plasmodium berghei ANKA, ED50Correspondence     :    [email protected]

scholarly journals Penentuan Intravitalitas Gantung berdasarkan Gambaran Histopatologis Otak Besar Mencit Balb/c

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara ◽  
Sigid Kirana Lintang Bhima ◽  
Intarniati Nur Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Death Case ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Brain

Latar Belakang : Asfiksia merupakan salah satu mekanisme kematian yang dapat terjadi akibat gantung. Otak merupakan salah satu organ penting yang dinilai dalam otopsi kasus gantung. Secara makroskopis tidaklah mudah membedakan temuan asfiksia pada otak yang terjadi antemortem dan perimortem. Adanya temuan asfiksia pada pemeriksaan mikrokopis dapat menentukan intravitalitas gantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penentuan intravitalitas gantung berdasarkan gambaran histopatologis otakbesar mencit Balb/c. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan post test only with control group design yang telah memenuhi kelayakan etik dengan sampel berjumlah 18 mencit Balb/c jantan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok antemortem yang digantung saat masih hidup, kelompok perimortem yang digantung 15 menit setelah mati. Pada kelompok pelakuan mencit digantung selama 1 jam dengan tali yang ditambahkan beban 50 gram. Penilaian gambaran histopatologi otak besar berdasarkan reaksi inflamasi dan perdarahan. Hasil : Pada kelompok kontrol hampir tidak terdapat inflamasi dan perdarahan, pada kelompok antemortem terdapat inflamasi sedang hingga berat dan perdarahan berat, pada kelompok perimortem terdapat inflamasi dan perdarahan ringan hingga sedang. Pada uji Kruskal Wallis didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada semua kelompok (p<0,05). Pada Uji Man Whitney didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada parameter inflamasi dan perdarahan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok antemortem dan perimortem, antara kelompok antemortem dan perimortem (p<0,05). Simpulan : Intravitalitas Gantung dapat ditentukan berdasarkan gambaran histopatologis otak besar mencit Balb/c dimana reaksi inflamasi dan perdarahan berat didapatkan pada kelompok antemortem. Kata Kunci: gantung, histopatologis, intravital, otak besar   Hanging Intravitality Determination based on Cerebrum Histopathological Features in Balb/c Mice Abstract Background: Asphyxia is one of the death mechanisms that can occur due to hanging. The brain is one of the important organs autopsied in a hanging-related death case. Macroscopically, it is challenging to distinguish between asphyxiated brains occuring antemortem and those occurring perimortem. The presence of asphyxia on micro-examination can help determining the hanging intravitality. This study aims to determine hanging intravitality based on cereberum histopathological features in mice Balb/c mice. Method: This is a post test only experimental study with control group examining 18 male Balb/c mice in three groups involving untreated control group, antemortem group hanged during alive, perimortem group hanged 15 minutes after death. In the treatment groups, mice were hanged with 50 grams load for 1 hour. Determination of histopathological features is based on inflammatory and bleeding reactions.   Results: Nearly no inflammation and bleeding was found in the control group, moderate to severe inflammation and heavy bleeding was found in the antemortem group, mild to moderate inflammation and bleeding was found in the perimortem group. The Kruskal Wallis test showed significant differences in all groups (p <0.05). The Man Whitney test found significant differences in the inflammatory and bleeding parameters between the control group and the antemortem and perimortem groups; between the antemortem and perimortem groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: The cerebrum histopathological features of the Balb/c mice can indicate hanging intravitality in which the antemortem group shows inflammatory reactions and heavy bleeding. Keywords: hanging, histopathological, intravital, cerebrum

scholarly journals PENGARUH ASUPAN SAYUR KANGKUNG (IPOMEA REPTANS POIR.) DAN OLAHRAGA RENANG TERHADAP INTENSITAS KECEMASAN PADA REMAJA LAKI-LAKI The Effect of Kangkong Vegetables (Ipomea reptans Poir.) and Swimming on Anxiety Intensity in Adolescent Male

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Sigit Yudhistira ◽  
Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa ◽  
Mohammad Fanani
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Brain

High stress levels in adolescents can cause mental health disorders such as anxiety. Kangkong vegetables has nutrients superior in reducing anxiety, in 250 grams of kangkong vegetables contains carbohydrates (9,7 g), vitamin B1 (0,17 mg), vitamin C (42,5 mg), calcium (167,5 mg), zinc (1 mg), iron (5,7 mg), potassium (625,2 mg), sodium (162,5 mg), flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids for metabolism and increased hormone in the brain such as BDNF, GABA, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine which reduce anxiety. Swimming has superior as a recreational effort in reducing anxiety, also keeps the body fit and relaxed for metabolism and increased hormones in the brain such as BDNF, GABA, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine which reduce anxiety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of kangkong vegetables and swimming in the intensity of anxiety in adolescent. The study uses a quasi-experimental study design pre-post test control group design, involving 61 male students, taken from 3 senior high schools and grouped into 3: control group by giving swimming 2 times / week for 2 weeks (pool depth 120 cm and swimming duration for 60 minutes / exercise) (P0) (n=22), group by giving 250 grams of kangkong vegetables / day for 14 days (divided into 2) (P1) (n=19) and group by giving combination of kangkong vegetables and swimming (P2) (n=20). The results of the study used the ANOVA, the decrease in anxiety intensity in all groups not much different from the value (p=0.593). The conclusion this study is the giving of kangkong vegetables, swimming can reduce the intensity of anxiety in adolescent male.

PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD (STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVMENT DIVISIONS) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS SURAT DINAS SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI SE-KECAMATAN PANYINGKIRAN KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Iyay Robia Khoerudin ◽  
Neneng Titin ◽  
Eki Kiyamudin
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Control

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis surat dinas siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka, mengetahui kemampuan menulis surat dinas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams-Achievment Divisions) siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka, serta menjelaskan efektifitas model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams-Achievment Divisions) untuk meningkatkan  pengajaran menulis surat dinas siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode eksperimen Pre test-Post test Control Group Design, populasinya yaitu SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka tahun ajaran 2013/2014, sedangkan  sampelnya ditentukan melalui teknik simple random sampling yaitu kelas VIII G SMP Negeri 2 Panyingkiran sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 1 Panyingkiran sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan tes tertulis tes awal dan tes akhir, kuesioner, lembar observasi guru dan siswa, setelah data diperoleh maka dilakukan analisis data. Data kuesioner dan observasi dianalisis dalam bentuk uraian sedangkan data tes dianalisis dengan statistik dan di deskripsikan.Berdasarkan perhitungan statistik program SPSS 16.0 diperoleh hasil uji t pretes pada kedua kelas tersebut memiliki nilai t=5.429 derajat kebebasan (df)=n-1=38 nilai probability (sig 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000.  Hal ini berarti t hitung <0,005. Artinya 0,000<0,05, pada uji t ini bahwasanya pretes pada kedua kelas terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol.  Apabila ditinjau dari segi rata-rata pretes eksperimen lebih efektif daripada kelas kontrol. Hal ini terbukti dari rata-ratanya pretes kelas eksperimen 64,8 kelas kontrol 62,3 selisih rata-rata 2,5. Sedangkan rata-rata postes kelas eksperimen 81,2 dan kelas kontrol 69 terjadi selisih postes 12,2.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM POSING MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MODEL KOOPERATIF NHT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Kadir ◽  
Munawir Sadzali
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Problem Posing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) terhadap keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Al- Zahra Indonesia, untuk tahun akademik 2014/2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan Post-test Only Control Group Design, melibatkan 60 siswa sebagai sampel. Untuk menentukan sampel digunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen seperti tes esai tertulis. Keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran klasik (t hitung = 2,01 table t tabel = 2,00 ). Persentase jawaban siswa dari problem posing berdasarkan gambar, tabel dan diagram yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran klasik. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini bahwa pembelajaran matematika Pecahan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan problem posing matematika siswa.

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