scholarly journals Uma cidade entre o rural e o urbano: Fábricas, fazendas, tecelões e camponeses em Magé

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto dos Santos Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center

Felipe Augusto dos Santos RibeiroDe pródiga produtora de alimentos no século XVIII a polo industrial têxtil no final do XIX, a cidade de Magé, localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil, tornou-se palco de intensas lutas operárias e camponesas entre as décadas de 1950 e 70, grande parte delas capitaneada por militantes do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB). Entretanto, para além de configurar como uma representação política da “foice e o martelo”, o município destaca-se como um cenário privilegiado para se desenvolver uma pesquisa historiográfica enfatizando tanto a dinâmica entre o rural e o urbano na localidade, quanto seus desdobramentos no mundo do trabalho. Neste sentido, o diálogo interdisciplinar com a antropologia torna-se fundamental. As cinco indústrias têxteis instaladas em Magé, a maioria delas caracterizada pelo padrão “fábrica-vila operária”, imprimiram marcas profundas no cotidiano da cidade e na identidade dos seus moradores, tendo as oportunidades de emprego e a política social das fábricas atraído inúmeros migrantes. Portanto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar o quanto o rural e o urbano estão e devem ser analisados de forma imbricada, sobretudo nos estudos acerca do mundo do trabalho, corroborando assim com outras pesquisas que visam superar a dicotomia entre o rural (como sinônimo de arcaico e atrasado) e urbano (como ícone do moderno e do progresso).   Palavras-Chave: Trabalhadores têxteis. Camponeses. Sindicalismo. Identidade social.   A city between the urban and rural: factorys, farms, weavers and peasants in Magé   Abstract Of Large food producer in the eighteenth century to a textile industrial center in the late nineteenth century, the city of Magé, in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), became the scene of intense struggles of workers and peasants between the 1950 and 70 , most of them militants headed by the Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB). However, in addition to political representation of the slogan "the hammer and sickle", the city stands out as a prime setting for developing a historical research emphasizing both the dynamics between rural and urban areas in the locality, as their developments in the Worlds of Labor. In this sense, the interdisciplinary dialogue with anthropology becomes key. The five textile industries installed in Magé, most of them characterized by the a system known as "factory with workers village", present printed marks deep in the life of the city and in the identity of its residents, when the opportunities for employment and the social policy of the factories attracted numerous migrants. Therefore, this article aims to show how the rural and urban are and must be analyzed in an intertwined, especially in studies about the Worlds of Labor, thus corroborating with other research aimed at overcoming the dichotomy between rural (as a synonym for archaic and backward) and urban (as an icon of modern progress).   Keywords: Textile workers. Peasants. Sindicalism. Social identity.  

scholarly journals Changes in Water Quality of the River das Antas as It Passes through Rural and Urban Areas

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Valdemir Antoneli ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Fernández ◽  
João Anésio Bednarz ◽  
Leonardo Brandes ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The City

The catchment area of River das Antas (Irati, Paraná, Brazil) is of high importance both for human consumption and irrigation. Within Irati, this river passes through a rural area and through the city of Irati, crossing both poor and rich neighbourhoods. We selected three study areas downstream (a rural area, poor community, and rich neighbourhood) in which we measured turbidity, the concentration of sediments and pH during rainy days. Our results showed downstream trends of increasing turbidity and concentrations of sediments with decreasing pH. The values of turbidity and of concentration of sediments were significantly different in the rural area, while the pH values were significantly different between the three study areas. These findings highlight the effect of agricultural activities in the generation of sediments and turbidity. The—presumably expected—effects of organic urban waste from the poor neighbourhood were also detected in the pH values. We conclude that efforts should be made to ensure that land planning and training/education programmes on sustainable farming practices are undertaken by the authorities to reduce water pollution and its effects on water bodies during rainfall events, since paving streets is not a feasible option in the short term due to the high costs associated with this measure.

Building the New Socialist Countryside: Tracking Public Policy and Public Opinion Changes in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 456-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Stepan ◽  
Enze Han ◽  
Tim Reeskens
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social

AbstractEver since the introduction of the national political programme of “Building a new socialist countryside” (BNSC) in the early 2000s, renewed focus has been cast on how the Chinese government manages the gap between its rural and urban areas in the new millennium. Previous research has mostly studied the social and political consequences of the BNSC initiative without paying particular attention to its effects on public opinion. In this article, we present an analysis of the 2002 and 2008 waves of the mainland China subset of the Asian Barometer. Our results show a significant shift in the perceptions of the rural population in respect to how much impact government policies have on daily life. This shift brings rural perceptions more in line with those of the urban population in 2002. The paper concludes with the implications of our findings for the study of the relations between public opinion and public policy in China.

scholarly journals What happens between the roça and the urban periphery? Some questions about movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Rocha Benites
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Periphery ◽  
The City

Abstract This article explores the idea of movement through an analysis of the flows between rural and urban areas, more specifically between small farms (roças) and the peripheries of big cities. I turn to my own ethnographic research on rural and riverside communities in the north of Minas Gerais, as well as ethnographies produced on populations in the Cerrado Mineiro, in order to question the primacy of movement in the definitions of the city and to extend the notion through an approach that incorporates the relations between persons and things circulating in both these social spaces.

scholarly journals Smear Positive Tuberculosis Cases in Rajshahi District A Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
W Wasim Hussain ◽  
M Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
M Fazlur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The City

This study was designed to know the case finding of sputum smear positive tuberculosis in Rajshahi district and also to see whether case finding was different in urban and rural settings. Our study reveals that case finding rate of smear positive tuberculosis cases in the city corporation area and rural areas of Rajshahi district are 52% and 28% respectively. Case detection rate of total Rajshahi district was 33%. Stronger efforts are needed to reach the national target of detecting 70% new smear positive TB cases by the end of 2005.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3456   TAJ 2004; 17(2): 104-105

scholarly journals Design of a Development Index for Spanish Municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8910
Author(s):  
Ana Nieto Masot ◽  
Gema Cárdenas Alonso ◽  
Ángela Engelmo Moriche
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Variables

Currently, the demographic vacuum and poor development suffered by most areas of Spain are some of the most worrying issues from a territorial point of view, which is why this study is necessary. In this paper, the objective is to create a Development Index with which to study the different realities of rural and urban spaces through demographic and socioeconomic variables of the Spanish municipalities. Principal Component Analysis is carried out, with whose results the index has been prepared. This is then explored with a Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis. The results show that most developed Spanish municipalities and most of the population are concentrated in coastal areas and in the main cities of the country. In opposition, there are interior rural areas with less developed municipalities at risk of disappearance due to their increasing ages and levels of depopulation. Thus, in this paper, new variables and methods are used in the study of the social and economic diversity of rural and urban areas, verifying the inequality that still exists between both.

The Role of Provide Survice Small Town in Rural–Urban Linkages for Sustainable Development: A case of rural-urban linkage of Malda district, West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Saha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The City

Rural–urban linkages play a fundamental role in the generation of service, development, health treatment and wealth. Yet, for various reasons the importance of such linkages is not recognized and thus unnoticed in rural economic and trade policies. The present paper investigates infrastructure problem, institutional constraints and dependency rural area on near rural service trade barriers that tend to discourage linkages between rural and urban areas and thus prevent a process of rural empowerment and economic development. The findings of our review indicate that clustering rural and urban areas into regional planning units may create the necessary enabling environment for extensive trade networks and knowledge switch over between the city and the neighbor rural-side. As such, stronger rural–urban linkages could also play a crucial role in fulfill rural areas demand in developing countries.

scholarly journals Times of Continuity and Development. Visions of the Future among Agro-Pastoral Children and Young People in Southern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Maurus
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

This article explores how children and young people from agro-pastoral societies in southern Ethiopia imagine their future. Children and young people who have not been going to school, as well as students in rural and urban areas, imagine their future differently. Their visions of the future can be located on a continuum between a future life as agro-pastoralists on the one end, and life in town with a job as an employee on the other. Where a person’s vision is located on this continuum depends on the influences he or she has experienced from school and town life. My analysis shows how, through the influence of schooling, young people’s concept of time shifts from a cyclical one, concentrated on the reproduction of the social world, towards a linear one, focused on personal and “national” development.

scholarly journals The relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Putri Noer Fadilah ◽  
Azkya Patria Nawawi ◽  
Andi Supriatna ◽  
Sri Sarwendah ◽  
Ratih Widyasari
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries among children has increased in the past decades. Dental caries has a multifactorial aetiology, including host (saliva and teeth), microbiology (plaque), substrate (diet), and time. The role of fermentable carbohydrates intake as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia. Methods: The method used was an analytical cross-sectional study with pathfinder survey based on the WHO basic methods of oral health surveys. The data were collected through intraoral examination, and nutritional status measurement was done by using food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis used was the chi-square test. Results: From the study towards 100 preschool children resulted the prevalence of dental caries in rural and urban area respectively was 96 and 92%. The average value of deft index in urban area was 8.46 (95% CI:7.00-9.91) and was 7.98 (95% CI:6.50-9.45) in rural area. The average value of sucrose intake frequency in urban area was 237.14 (95% CI:204.95-269.32), whilst in rural area was 177.54 (95% CI:155.66-199.41). Conclusion: There was a relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia.

scholarly journals FENOMENA NOMOPHOBIA PADA ANAK USIA DINI BERDASARKAN TIPOLOGI WILAYAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL DAN ANTISOSIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Dian Novita ◽  
Kenty Martiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fenomena nomophobia pada anak usia dini di wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan, menganalisis perbedaan perilaku nomophobia dan perilaku sosial antara kedua wilayah, serta menganalisis hubungan perilaku nomophobia terhadap perilaku sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua wilayah yaitu di Kabupaten Kuningan (representatif wilayah perdesaan) dan Kota Depok (representatif wilayah perkotaan) dengan responden masing-masing sebanyak 50 orang, sehingga total responden adalah 100 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian ini adalah perilaku nomophobia yang menggunakan instrumen NMP-Q (Yildirim,2015) dan perilaku sosial diukur berdasarkan dimensi yang dikembangkan oleh Hurlock (1978) yang terdiri atas perilaku prososial dan antisosial. Melalui uji independent sample t-test, hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada perilaku nomophobia antara wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan. Skor rata-rata perilaku nomophobia di perdesaan adalah 35,61 sedangkan di perkotaan adalah 35,72 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Perilaku sosial di kedua wilayah sebagian besar menunjukkan kategori tinggi (64%) dan tidak ada perbedaan perilaku sosial secara umum baik di perdesaan maupun perkotaan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara perilaku nomophobia dan perilaku sosial namun koefisien korelasi negatif yaitu -0,085 menjadi indikasi bahwa semakin tinggi perilaku nomophobia maka akan semakin rendah perilaku sosial anak usia dini. Hal ini perlu mendapat perhatian bersama, mengingat dampak buruk yang dapat ditimbulkan dari adanya fenomena nomophobia terutama pada anak usia dini. Kata Kunci: anak usia dini, nomophobia, perilaku sosial   Nomophobia Phenomenons in Early Childhood based on Regional Typology and       Its Relationship to Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors Abstract This study aims to identify the phenomenon of nomophobia in early childhood in rural and urban areas, to analyze differences in nomophobic behavior and social behavior between the two regions and to analyze the relationship between nomophobic behavior and social behavior. This research was conducted in two areas, namely Kuningan District (rural area representative) and Depok City (urban area representative) with 50 respondents each, so that the total number of respondents was 100 people. The data collected from this study were nomophobic behavior using the NMP-Q instrument (Yildirim, 2015) and social behavior was measured based on the dimensions developed by Hurlock (1978) which consisted of prosocial and antisocial behavior. Through the independent samples t-test, it was found that the results of the study showed no significant difference in nomophobic behavior between rural and urban areas. The average score of nomophobic behavior in rural areas is 35,61, while in urban areas it is 35,72 which is in the low category. Most of the social behavior in the two regions shows the high category (64%) and there is no difference in social behavior in general, both in rural and urban areas. The results of the correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between nomophobic behavior and social behavior, but the negative correlation coefficient, namely -0,085, is an indication that the higher the nomophobic behavior, the lower the social behavior of early childhood. This needs mutual attention, considering the bad effects that can be caused by the phenomenon of nomophobia, especially in early childhood. Keywords : early childhood, nomophobia, social behavior

scholarly journals An Estimate of the Shadow Wage Rate in Pakistan

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Benefit Cost

In the past few years, increasing attention has been given to the methods by which investments in developing countries should be appraised. Benefit-cost analyses, based on market prices and costs, do not indicate whether an investment would be profitable from a social point of view. The methods of project evaluation developed in the past decade suggest ways in which private costs and benefits can be adjusted to reflect positive or negative externalities and to eliminate the effects of distorting taxes and subsidies which influence private decisions but which do not affect an investment's fundamental economic value. One item in an investment's cost for which the market value is widely believed to be unrepresentative of its social value is labour. Much of develop¬ment theory has been built around the notion that labour is misallocated, largely because it is mis-priced. Urban labour commands a wage above its equilibrium price because of the effects of unions, minimum wage legislation and other institutional rigidities. For institutional reasons as well, rural labour is paid a wage which is in excess of its marginal contribution to agricultural output. Determining the social opportunity cost of labour is consequently essential to the proper evaluation of investment in both rural and urban areas.

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