scholarly journals THE STRATEGIC EFFICACY OF DRONES FOR US GRAND STRATEGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis N Okpaleke ◽  
Al Chukwuma Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Rogue States ◽  
Power Projection ◽  
The Us ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Drone Strikes

This paper assesses the role of drones in furthering or undermining US grand strategy. This is against the backdrop of the thinking that contemporary use of drones in the context of post 9/11 era undermine the successive US administration’s strategic objectives as evidenced by the rise of anti-Americanism in Muslim world, proliferation of drones by US near peer competitors, civilian death toll and weakening support for the US in targeted countries. This implies that while drones has played a historical and significant role for the US in power projection and asserting its unilateralism and military hegemony when dealing with rogue states and terrorist groups post 9/11, the political and strategic utility of drone strikes for US grand strategy is not apparent. Thus, this paper posits that though armed drones has played a quintessential role as a key instrument of statecraft for facilitating US offensive strategy in targeted states, the aftermath of drone strikes and its controversial aspects engender inimical outcomes that serve to undermine US strategic objectives. Based on qualitative analysis of secondary data, the paper questions the wisdom and benefits of using and shifting greater reliance towards armed drones, as a pathway for furthering US grand strategy.

The Violence of Inequality: Race and Lobbying in the Politics of Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Sappho Xenakis ◽  
Leonidas K. Cheliotis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Us

There is no shortage of scholarly and other research on the reciprocal relationship that inequality bears to crime, victimisation and contact with the criminal justice system, both in the specific United States context and beyond. Often, however, inequality has been studied in conjunction with only one of the three phenomena at issue, despite the intersections that arguably obtain between them–and, indeed, between their respective connections with inequality itself. There are, moreover, forms of inequality that have received far less attention in pertinent research than their prevalence and broader significance would appear to merit. The purpose of this chapter is dual: first, to identify ways in which inequality’s linkages to crime, victimisation and criminal justice may relate to one another; and second, to highlight the need for a greater focus than has been placed heretofore on the role of institutionalised inequality of access to the political process, particularly as this works to bias criminal justice policy-making towards the preferences of financially motivated state lobbying groups at the expense of disadvantaged racial minorities. In so doing, the chapter singles out for analysis the US case and, more specifically, engages with key extant explanations of the staggering rise in the use of imprisonment in the country since the 1970s.

scholarly journals The essential role of democracy in the Bush Doctrine: the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena de Castro Santos ◽  
Ulysses Tavares Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Rogue States ◽  
Bush Doctrine ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military

Everyone knows that democracy played a role in the Bush Doctrine. What not everyone knows is that this role was essential for the doctrine to be put into operation under which the Iraq invasion was prepared and launched. We argue moreover that, even if aggressive, the Bush doctrine is compatible with the American Liberal Tradition. To demonstrate these arguments we analyze the links between democracy, security, and the US national interests as expressed in the pillars of the American foreign policy since the end of Cold War. The consequential belief of the Bush Administration on the positive effect of exporting democracy by the use of force to Afghanistan and Iraq to fight terrorism will be remarked. It will be shown, however, that in the first years of the Bush Administration, among the justifications for the military interventions in the two countries, security reasons prevailed over democratic concerns, although the latter was significantly present since the early hours after September 11. It was only when it became clear that WMDs did not exist in Iraq that the exporting of democracy as the ultimate weapon to fight terrorism grew remarkably and prevailed over security reasons to invade those rogue states. The paper uses quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the speeches of President Bush and his Secretaries of State and Defense.

scholarly journals Beyond Commerce: Women and Power in Traditional Nigerian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Adebukola Foluke Osunyikanmi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Women And Power

<p><em>Powerlessness of women, gender inequality and discrimination against women are concepts that often dominate political discourse. These perspectives on relations between men and women critically trivialize the unique role of women in the socio-economic and political development of Africa.</em></p><p><em>The traditional market, a physical location where traders display and sell their wares, has always been under the dominance of women. Historically, legal and political structures were institutionalized in such markets with a view to protecting the interest of all trading members who were mainly women. In contemporary dispensation, they still use those structures to settle disputes among themselves and [also negotiate for amenities from their governments. </em></p><p><em>This paper, using primary and secondary data, examines the efficacy of the traditional legal, social and political institutions provided by the market; the extent to which the institutions have facilitated the inclusion of women in the political space; and measures that will help strengthen their effectiveness.</em></p>

scholarly journals From Pacifists to Cowboys to Torturers: The Different Representations of the US Military and Intelligence Agencies in Post-9/11 American War Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Phil Hobbins-White
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Center ◽  
The Political ◽  
War Films ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intelligence Agencies ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
The Military ◽  
Kathryn Bigelow

The horrifying images of the terrorist attacks on New York’s World Trade Center on 11 September 2001, in which three thousand civilians were killed, have become some of the most famous images ever committed to film or television. In the decade following the attacks, a wealth of war films were released, including Redacted (Brian De Palma, 2007), The Hurt Locker (Kathryn Bigelow, 2009) and Zero Dark Thirty (Kathryn Bigelow, 2012) amongst many others. Many films from this period of US cinema addressed both the 9/11 attacks as well as the US military’s conflicts in various countries suspected of harboring terrorist groups. When analyzing the ways the military and intelligence agencies (such as the CIA) are represented in some US films from this period, it becomes clear that such representations changed over just a few years: Redacted showed the military to be polarized–a place for pacifists, rapists and murderers. The Hurt Locker later depicted successful soldiers as having a “gung ho” attitude, and the military as a permanent fixture in Iraq. Finally, Zero Dark Thirty included scenes of CIA torture, which is suggested as being necessary and justified. Surprisingly, however, the ways the military and intelligence agencies are represented in these films did not necessarily mirror the political change that was occurring.

scholarly journals RISING CHINA AND BRICS; A STEP TOWARDS MULTIPOLAR WORLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Rising China

West dominated global financial institutions like IMF and World Bank serves the interests of the US in a unipolar world. Some new emergent economies along with China have endeavored to counter these global hegemonic financial institutions by initiating new financial institutions in the form of BRICS and NDB. This paper attempts to explore the role of a rising China in BRICS, and how it makes ways for multipolarity. It further reveals the implications of the economic plans of BRICS nations in the western world. Through descriptive-analytical research, that draws inference from a mainly qualitative approach, this research has been informed from both primary and secondary data. China is successful in her approach towards global multipolarity, which is being countered by the US through a new Cold War. The western world should view the economic blocs and mounting economies optimistically as opportunities, not threats to avoid future conflicts in the form of New Cold Wars.

scholarly journals EL ROL POLÍTICO DE ESTADOS UNIDOS EN EL DEFAULT DE ARGENTINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Miranda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Difficult Part

In December of 2001, due to the financial crisis, Argentina had to suspend external payments. The country started a frantic process of abandonment of default thereafter. Research about the causes, processes, and mechanisms of the crisis has been focused on economic issues. The present work instead considers international politics. The aim of the paper is to analyze the role of the United Sates in the restructuring of Argentina’s debt. We consider the reasons, conditions, and actions developed by the hegemonic power in the relationship between Argentina and its creditors. We specially emphasize the political role played by the US government, a position that the US administration had no intention to assume neither before the debacle nor after the crisis started. We conclude that, despite the fact that Argentina has overcome the most difficult part of its default, the episode made evident, once more, the strong Argentine dependence towards the United States.

scholarly journals PALESTINE: POPULAR NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE. DEBATING TERMINOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTING PARADIGMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Abdeleahman NAZZAL ◽  
Ayman YOUSEF
Keyword(s):  
Political Leadership ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nonviolent Resistance ◽  
Strategic Options

The main goal of this research paper is to examine the core role of popular nonviolent resistance in transforming the Israeli Palestinian conflict through all available peaceful means. We have deeply gone through different definitions of nonviolence as an international concept and we explored the various historical stages and prominent stations of this type of nonviolence. To elaborate more on this goal, we can say that the strategic aim is to bridge the gap between theories and approaches of conflict transformations and the current study of peaceful resistance. Nonviolence is one strategic options for the Palestinians if we realize that the political alternatives and narrow and limited. Methodology adopted in this research is primarily qualitative with analytical and empirical connotations and implications, we relied on both primary and secondary data to reach the final results and conclusions. As far the final findings are concerned, this paper concluded that there is a gap between nonviolence peaceful resistance in the field in one hand and the decision makers on the other hand. There is a gap those who practiced or who embraced nonviolence as strategic resistance and those who put political goals and practiced political leadership. There is a lack of a proper understanding of peaceful nonviolent resistance and its role in liberating and emancipating Palestine from the occupation. Keywords: nonviolence, occupation, popular resistance, Gandhian model.

scholarly journals “Staff Reserve” of De-Escalation: M. Rojansky on American-Russian Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Yury G. Golub ◽  
◽  
Sergei Y. Shenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Us

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political, scientific and practical activities of the director of the Kennan Institute, Matthew Rojanski. In the context of the statements of the Biden administration on the need to de-escalate US-Russian relations and taking into account the attempt to appoint Rozhansky to the post of Russia Director on the US National Security Council, the evolution of his worldview, the system of views on the modern world order, the role of Russia in the contemporary world and nature of relations between Washington and Moscow are considered. It is concluded that Rojanski’s foreign policy views are close to the liberal-universalist ideology of the progressive grouping in the Democratic Party.

scholarly journals Afghanistan and Pakistan between the US new Strategy and Eurasian Great Powers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
M. Ali Samay
Keyword(s):  
Great Powers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Usa

One of the most intricate matters when it comes to fighting against terrorism in Afghanistan and South Asia is the perpetual conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The role of Pakistan is a central debate in all security, political and economic subjects of discussion in Afghanistan since its dawn of existence as a country. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, as the President of Afghanistan, believes his country is in a state of an undeclared war with Pakistan. The reason for this is that Pakistan plays a double-standard policy towards Afghanistan by having diplomatic relations with Kabul while actively supports the Taliban and terrorist groups who fight against the Afghan government and conduct terrorist attacks and bombings in the country. India shares the same point of view about Pakistan, thus becoming the most important strategic partner of Afghanistan in the region. Both countries are actively trying to turn the international community and international and Eurasian powers against Pakistan. Recently, the USA’s President has accepted its lobby and diplomacy. Today, America, Afghanistan, and India have a common voice in the fight against terrorism and its regional roots, which are in Pakistan. The practical result of this common voice is the newly shaped America-India-Afghan (AIA) strategic trinity against terrorism and Pakistan. In this article, we focus on: – The US new strategy towards Afghanistan and Pakistan – Afghanistan’s new position in the US foreign policy – The reaction and response of Pakistan, China, and Russia to the US new strategy – The fragmentation and lack of common initiatives among Eurasian large powers as far as the fight against terrorism and other trans-regional threats is concerned – The practical and possible outcome of the newly AIA strategical trinity or shift for the USA, Afghanistan, and Pakistan considering the policies of the regional or Eurasian great powers.

WIN WIN's Struggles with the Institutional Transfer of the EMILY's List Model to Japan: The Role of Accountability and Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISA GAUNDER
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
List Type ◽  
Institutional Environments ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Gender Consciousness ◽  
The Us ◽  
List Model

AbstractThis article addresses the complexities of institutional transfer by exploring the case of EMILY's List and WIN WIN, two women's organizations in the US and Japan respectively that seek to increase the number of women in office by providing funds early in candidates’ campaigns. Specifically, it asks why WIN WIN has struggled to successfully implement the EMILY's List model in Japan. This article argues that differing institutional environments and cultures have less explanatory power than decisions made at the organization level. In particular, while differences in the political funding regimes and so-called ‘cultures of giving’ exist, they do not necessarily preclude the success of an EMILY's List-type organization in Japan. Instead, WIN WIN made significant strategic organizational decisions that have impeded its ability to have a significant impact on female candidacy at the national level. Specifically, WIN WIN's lack of accountability to its members combined with its broader commitment to gender consciousness have limited its success.

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