scholarly journals Accumulation, risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in protected cultivation soil, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Lu ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Naiming Zhang ◽  
Kangwei Hao ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Cu And Zn

The problem of soil heavy metals (HMs) accumulation from protected cultivation (PC) needs an urgent solution. 132 soil samples from typically high-density PC areas were analyzed for accumulation, risk, and sources of 8 HMs in 16 cities of 8 provinces, China. The soil HMs accumulation characteristics were prominent; Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As over-standard (GB 15618-2016) rates reached 15.2, 4.5, 3.0, 27.3, and 2.3%, respectively. The single-factor pollution index indicates that Cd reached slightly contaminated levels in the whole area, while Cu was at a slightly contaminated level only in Yunnan Province. The Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index and the comprehensive quality index suggested that HMs accumulation were at the slightly contaminated levels, with Yunnan province being the most affected and Henan followed. Cu and Zn accumulations are mainly related to frequent input of organic fertilizer, especially livestock manure’s direct return to the field. Therefore, Cu and Zn showed a strong correlation (P＜0.01) with soil organic material (SOM), and their available amounts linearly correlated with the extension of planting years in PC. On the contrary, Pb and Cd amounts are only related (P＜0.01) to soil texture, and their main sources are related to the parent material of soil formation. Moreover, their available amounts did not correlate with the planting years. Our results suggest that long-term and unreasonable PC may lead to soil HMs accumulation. Therefore, appropriate agricultural materials, planting systems, and fertilization methods must be used to effectively avoid the risk of excessive HMs accumulation in the PC soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Pig and Cattle Slurry Application on Heavy Metal Composition of Maize Grown on Different Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Provolo ◽  
Giulia Manuli ◽  
Alberto Finzi ◽  
Giorgio Lucchini ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Different Soils

Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

scholarly journals Application of Pollution Indices for Evaluation of Long-Term Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Lake Modrac in Bosnia and Hercegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusreta Djonlagic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Geo Accumulation

In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and maize after 17-year pig manure application in Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrui Zhou ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Wantai Yu ◽  
Zhuqing Xia ◽  
Chuanchuan Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Term Field

Application of composted pig manure (PM) is a traditional practice to improve soil fertility, whereas generally leads to some environmental questions. The effects of PM application on Cd, Cu and Zn accumulation in soil and maize were investigated based on a long-term field trial in Northeast China, including control (CK), PM<sub>L</sub>, PM<sub>M</sub>, and PM<sub>H</sub>, receiving 0, 100, 250 and 500 kg total N/ha/year from 2002 to 2008 and 0, 10, 25 and 50 t fresh weight/ha/year from 2009 to 2018, respectively. Results showed that long-term soil application of PM increased maize grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, coupled with significant accumulation and availability of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil (0–15 cm). Compared with CK, the soil total Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations significantly increased by 105, 287 and 108% at high PM rate, respectively. Notably, the increments enhanced these heavy metals storage in maize roots rather than in grains. Moreover, the application of PM confirmed vertical transport of heavy metals in the tested soil, particularly for Cd and Cu in PM<sub>H</sub> treatment. Overall, the repeated application of PM can cause the accumulation and leaching of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-term Fertilization Systems on Heavy Metals Residues in Sod-podzolic Soil and Oats Yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Postnikov ◽  
G.E. Merzlaya ◽  
A.D. Fedulova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Village

Background: The paper presents the results of studies conducted on the basis of the former Smolensk branch of Pryanishnikov Institute of Agrochemistry, in the village of Olsha, Smolensk district, Smolensk region. In a long field experiment, various fertilizer systems were studied, their effect and aftereffect on the qualitative and quantitative crop yield, soil properties.Methods: A stationary field experiment was established in 1978. The aftereffect of fertilization systems on oats has been studied since 2009. The aftereffect was studied in 2015-2016 and 2017. With one dose of organic fertilizer (compost based on cattle manure - cattle), over 30 years of experience, 17.4 tons of organic matter, 435 kg of total nitrogen, 198 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), 621 kg of potassium (K2O) entered the soil. A single calculated dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium corresponded to 25.5 kg of active ingredient per ha-1. Result: With prolonged use of fertilizers, the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the calculated permissible concentration. However, at a fivefold norm (N150P150K150 + 15 t ha-1), the cadmium content was overestimated. An ecologically justified dose of aftereffect in the Smolensk region on sod-podzolic soil should be considered a fourfold dose of mineral components and compost (N120P120K120 + 12 t ha-1).

Enrichment, inter-relationship, and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments of Sydney, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamer Mohammed ◽  
Paripurnanda Loganathan ◽  
Andrew Kinsela ◽  
Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran ◽  
Jayakumar Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Tyre Wear ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Sydney Australia

Urban road-deposited sediments (RDS) are potential sources of heavy metal pollution of both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We determined the heavy metals enrichments, their possible sources, and potential bioavailability and mobility in RDS from nine sites along major motorways of Sydney, the largest city with highest road traffic density in Australia. Mean total concentrations of metals in the RDS decreased in the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The corresponding order in the background soils (minimally contaminated from roads) was: Fe > Mn > Zn ~ Ni > Cu ~ Pb > Cr > Cd. Both the pollution index (PI) and metal enrichment factor (EF), which are comparative measures between contaminated and uncontaminated sites, were highest for Cu and Zn. Inputs of Cu and Zn to RDS were likely to be mainly the result of brake and tyre wear, respectively. Cluster and correlation analyses showed that while the concentrations of these two metals were related in the soil, they were not correlated in RDS. Low PI and EF values as well as the close inter-relationships of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni in both RDS and soils suggest that these metals were derived mainly from natural sources. Metal fractionation data showed 50–95% of Cr and Fe in RDS to be present in the immobile and bio-unavailable residual fraction, whereas 15–65% of Zn was contained in the exchangeable fraction, which is considered to be mobile and bioavailable.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination to Planting Base Soil in Shenyang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1494-1499
Author(s):  
Bin Hui Jiang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Li Li Fu ◽  
Chang Qi Yao ◽  
Yong Gang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Concentration Data

The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the planting base soils in Shenyang, northeast of China, were investigated. Sixty soil samples were collected and characterized for heavy metals contents (AsCdCrPbHgNiCu and Zn). Concentration data were processed using correlation analysis and soils pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation and PI. The results revealed that eight heavy metals contents of planting base all reached pollution level, which Pb and Hg pollution relatively serious, reached 2.41 and 2.1 respectively. The order of heavy metal pollution levels are: Pb> Hg> Zn = Cu> As> Ni> Cd> Cr. A significant correlation exists in Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cu-Ni, while an extremely significant correlation exists between Zn-Cu. In addition to the parent material soil, the sources of soil heavy metals are mainly by the industrial, agricultural, transportation or other human activities and the effect of atmospheric transport and deposition. KEYWORDS: soil, heavy metal pollution, assessment, pollution index

scholarly journals Biological and sanitary evaluation of Sibaisky quarry dumps of the Bashkortostan Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Abakumov ◽  
Ya. T. Suyundukov ◽  
T. A. Pigareva ◽  
I. N. Semenova ◽  
R. F. Khasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Copper Pyrite ◽  
Environmental Functions

Dumps of quarries for the extraction of copper pyrite in Urals region of the Bashkortostan Republic are the problem object, which represents a main technogenic source of environmental pollution. Soils of Sibaisky quarry dumps are characterized by the elevated content of heavy metals relatively to maximum permissible concentrations and regional geochemical background. In sanitary hygienic evaluation of the pollution by studied technosols according to the total pollution index (Zc) it was revealed that according to the content of total forms studied technosols are referred to moderately hazard, while in regards of the same index concerning the content of the mobile forms technosols are referred to the category of hazardous. In this regard, in plant products grown in the area adjacent to the dumps, there was revealed an excess on cadmium. The biological activity of soils is very low, due to the low microbial community development. Soil formation in the dumps is almost not expressed, appearing in the formation of low-thick underdeveloped humus horizon with a little diversity of species and projective cover. Sanitary-hygienic situation in conditions in the quarry dump area is unfavorable, that does not allow newly formed soils to carry out environmental functions effectively

scholarly journals Assessment of health risks from consumption of food crops fumigated with metal based pesticides in Gwadam, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
U. Bawa ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
J.N. Ahmad ◽  
A.G. Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Cu And Zn

Intensive use of agrochemicals has led to build of heavy metals in the soil ecosystem and their transfer to edible parts of crops. This study was aimed to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations in some twenty commonly used pesticides in northern Nigeria, and health risk associated from the consumption of food crops fumigated with these pesticides as the only source of metal contamination. Heavy metals content in pesticides, food crops and soils were analyzed after acid digestion using atomic absorption spectrometry. Traces of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) were detected in most of the pesticides. The concentrations of heavy metals in crops fumigated with pesticides ranged from 0.33-4.68, 1.75-38.08, 0.67-16.83, 9.01-436.75, 0.17-20.80mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr in all the crops were above WHO, (2019) permissible limit. Heavy metals in soils of corresponding crops were below the permissible limits by UNEP, (2013) and NESREA, (2011). Bioaccumulation factor BAF showed high BAF>1 for Cu and Pb in all the studied crops,while pollution index value revealed contamination for Cd and Pb in all the studied crops. Hazard quotient showed potential health risk from the consumption of only Capsicumannuum for Pb. However, consumers may experience advance health risk through the consumption of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Solanumlycopersicum, Capsicumfrustescens for all metals (Hazard index). Hence, there is the need for screening of heavy metals in pesticides and monitoring of metals contents in food crops.

scholarly journals Arable soil formation and erosion: a hillslope-based cosmogenic-nuclide study in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Evans ◽  
John N. Quinton ◽  
Andrew M. Tye ◽  
Ángel Rodés ◽  
Jessica A. C. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. Arable soils are critical resources that support multiple ecosystem services. They are frequently threatened, however, by accelerated erosion. Subsequently, policy to ensure their long-term security is an urgent societal priority. Although long-term security relies upon a balance between the rates of soil loss and formation, there have been few investigations of the formation rates of soils supporting arable agriculture. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by presenting the first isotopically-constrained soil formation rates for an arable (Nottinghamshire, UK) and coniferous woodland hillslope (Shropshire, UK). Rates ranged from 0.023 mm year−1 to 0.064 mm year−1 across the two sites. These rates fall within the range of previously published rates for soils in temperate climates and on sandstone lithologies but significantly differed to those measured in the only other UK-based study. We suggest this is due to the parent material at our sites being more susceptible to weathering. Furthermore, soil formation rates were found to be greatest for aeolian-derived sandstone when compared with fluvially-derived lithology raising questions about the extent to which the petrographic composition of the parent material governs rates of soil formation. On the hillslope currently supporting arable agriculture, we utilised cosmogenically-derived rates of soil formation and erosion in a first-order lifespan model and found, in a worst-case scenario, that the backslope A horizon could be eroded in 137 years with bedrock exposure occurring in 209 years under the current management regime. These findings represent the first quantitative estimate of cultivated soil lifespans in the UK.

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