scholarly journals Migrants during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Discursive Class Formation of Returnee Expatriates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(S)) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
K.M. Mahmudul Haque ◽  
Arafatur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Discursive Formation ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
Virus Carrier

Amidst the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, migrants are the most affected parts after the Health and economy. More than half a million migrants have returned from February to May 2020 to Bangladesh. The state and society have stigmatized returnee expatriates as suspected disease carriers. Some of them are being physically assaulted and humiliated by their neighbor and society. Researchers revealed a new dimension of "Othering" discourse; where consent of hate crime formed being solely blamed for bring coronavirus and ignoring mandatory quarantine period. The government officially stigmatized them by putting quarantined seals at their hands and hoisting red flags at their homes. Interestingly, we have found the distinction of stigmatization between returnee expatriates, where returnee workers were being humiliated rather than high-skilled returnee professionals from a so-called developed country. Returnee expatriates experienced a transformation of identity. Researchers argued about the discursive formation of a class of returnee expatriates who were once highly respected and spoiled of their identity as a probable source of virus carrier. Once labeled as a remittance fighter of the economy have to transients their so-called positions, and has to prove their worthiness as a citizen of the state, after starting the pandemic, governments and their developing partners were not humane, concerned about the returnee expatriates' social discrimination, risk of unemployment, uncertainty, economic crisis, and instability. Returnee expatriates' abandonment as a suspected carrier of the COVID-19 virus by the state and society should be worked out more comprehensively to protect them from social and economic exploitation.

Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic: Cinema and Book Publication

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sussan Siavoshi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
Iranian State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Book Publication

The evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the dynamics of the relationship between the Iranian state and society can be explored by examining the postrevolutionary regime's policies toward intellectuals, particularly as expressed in its regulation of cinema and book publication. This relationship—at least in the period from the early 1980s to the early 1990s—was complex and nuanced. Factionalism within the regime provided an opportunity for intellectuals to engage the state in a process of negotiation and protest, cooperation and defiance, in pushing the boundaries of permitted self-expression. The degree of their success depended in part on which faction controlled the government and its regulatory agencies during particular phases in the evolution of the postrevolutionary regime.

scholarly journals Merebaknya Intoleransi (Hate Speech dan Hate Crime) dalam Politik Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Munandzirul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Order ◽  
New Order ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Democracy provides a place for us to learn to live with the enemy because only democracy allows tension and paradox, which comes from freedom, to occur in society. In contrast to the New Order era, we can now enjoy freedom of opinion and association. This freedom can in turn produce tension. The relationship between elements of society with one another, or the relationship between the state and elements of society, can be tense because of differences in interests in regulating social and political order. Meanwhile, Indonesian society witnessed the paradox which also originated from freedom. This, for example, is shown by the emergence of intolerant groups such as the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Even organizations such as HTI are of the view that democracy is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam in terms of sovereignty in the hands of the people, what should determine that is the preogrative right of Allah SWT. The government in the view of HTI only implements sharia and determines administrative technical issues.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

scholarly journals PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN HINDU KUNO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
I GEDE SUWANTANA
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
The State ◽  
Character Formation ◽  
Wise Person ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

<p><em>The formation of character is a discourse that continues propagated by the government of Indonesia today. This is done because the condition of the nation's degraded in many areas of life. Various types of crimes such as rape, violence, theft, fights between students, corruption, and others allegedly happened as a result of the moral degradation of the Nation. Character education is the only hope which is able to restore the values of goodness and glory of the nation. So therefore, children as the future generation should be provided with character education from the beginning.</em></p><p><em>Format of character education which is given to children, therefore, must be clear and precise objectives. Ancient Hindu educational system places great emphasis on character formation in the curriculum, so that when they are finished, besides exellence in science also grew into a wise person. Gurukula system applied that has lasted for thousands of years and is considered capable of being the foundation of both the State and society to educate and transform knowledge to the younger generation as well as capable of being a great place to shape their character.</em></p>

scholarly journals State Reluctance towards Inclusive Policies in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mansoor Mohamed Fazil ◽  
Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar ◽  
Mohamed Bazeer Safna Sakki ◽  
Thaharadeen Fathima Sajeetha ◽  
Vimalasiri Kamalasiri
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
International Power ◽  
The Government

This study aims to identify the factors preventing the state from responding in a manner that will avoid future conflict in post-civil war Sri Lanka. After the government ended the separatist struggle of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by bringing the civil war to an end in May 2009, the protracted and destructive 30-year war presented an opportunity for both state and society to learn many useful lessons from the long war. These lessons could have enabled the government to reconstitute the state as an inclusive institution, one in which minorities could also participate to ensure just and equitable development for all Sri Lankans. This study uses a qualitative research approach that involves analysis of critical categories. Findings of this study offer some crucial insights about Sri Lanka&rsquo;s ethnic politics, particularly, the various factors have influenced the state to avoid inclusive policies. The key factor is the dilemma of post-independent political culture or traditions amongst ruling elites resulted in the avoidance of inclusive policies. This study also reveals some other factors that contestations between different social forces within society, within the state, and between the state and society still prevail in Sri Lanka, hampering the institution of inclusive policies. Further, the paper highlights the failure of India and the International Community to pressurize the state of Sri Lanka to introduce inclusive mechanisms due to international power balance (China factor).

scholarly journals Peran Ombudsman RI Perwakilan Aceh Dalam Pengawasan Kinerja Pemerintah di Kota Banda Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-370
Author(s):  
T. Fitra Yusriwan ◽  
Taqwaddin Taqwaddin ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Research Result ◽  
The State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Government Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Law Regulation

Fungsi dan tugas Ombudsman harus dilaksanakan untuk menindaklanjuti perbuatan maladministrasi, yang perbuatannya merugikan negara dan masyarakat. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk membahas implementasi peran Ombudsman RI dalam pengawasan kinerja Pemerintah di Kota Banda Aceh dan mengetahui tentang kendala dan hambatan yang dihadapi Ombudsman serta upaya pencegahan dan penyelesaian. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yaitu menelaah hukum sebagai pola prilaku yang ditujukan pada penerapan peraturan hukum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peran Ombudsman dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap kinerja Pemerintah di Kota Banda Aceh belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan fungsi, tugas dan kewenangan yang diatur Undang-Undang, disebabkan karena masih adanya kendala yang dihadapi.The function and the duty of Ombudsman must be implemented to overcome the maladministration which can cause disadvantageous to the state and society. This research aims to find out and describe the role of Aceh Ombudsman in supervising the work performance of Banda Aceh government and to discuss the obstacles faced by Aceh Ombudsman and prevention efforts and socialization supervising to overcome the barriers. The method used of this study is juridical-empiric approach to analyze law based on the behavior pattern related to the law regulation implementation. Based on the research result, it shows that the role of Aceh Ombudsman in supervising the government work performance in Banda Aceh has not been running appropriately yet as its function, duties, and authorities because there are still obstacles faced by the Ombudsman. 

scholarly journals Development of Financial and Taxation Mechanisms in Soviet Russia and in the USSR

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Victor Samarukha ◽  
Alexey Samarukha ◽  
Ivan Samarukha
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Red Army ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Second World

The authors consider the historical period of reforming the financial and taxation mechanisms of Soviet Russia and the USSR from 1917 to 1986. In 1985, M.S. Gorbachev came to power. He began reformation of the political system, the aims of which consisted in the process itself without any focus on a specific social and economic model for the state and society. Meanwhile, the epoch of the building of utopian communism in the USSR was over and in 1991, the USSR collapsed due to a number of fatal political mistakes made by Gorbachev and his associates, which led to a severe crisis. One of the most essential features of the reformed taxation system of the period is the fact of its being changed by the government to adapt it to the aims of the socioeconomic development of the peoples’ state of a new type, Soviet Russia and the USSR, through plan management of productive forces under conditions of state-owned means of production. It should be mentioned that the taxation system of Soviet Russia and the USSR guaranteed provision of financial and physical resources for the victory of the Red Army in the Civil War and in the war against the invaders. It also allowed the state to promptly industrialize the whole USSR, create the most advanced army in the world and win the Second World War, in the shortest time reconstruct economy and social sector destroyed by German occupiers and continue the accelerated socioeconomic development until the beginning of Gorbachev’s reformation. Thus, the above mentioned theoretical and practical aspects of the development of financial and taxation mechanisms of Soviet Russia and the USSR can be of practical use for scientists and practitioners not only in contemporary Russia but also in the other post-socialist countries when taking decisions of reforming financial and taxation systems.

Economy, Politics, and Health Status in Cuba

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rojas Ochoa ◽  
Cándido M. López Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Results

An economic contraction occurred in Cuba at the beginning of the 1990s, of a magnitude greater than in any developed country in the last half century. This resulted primarily from the disappearance of the European socialist bloc and simultaneous tightening of the U.S. government's blockade at a time when Cuba was engaged in correcting its main economic problems. The economic crisis affected a number of areas of Cuban society. The state adopted a series of measures to cope with the socioeconomic situation, which have yielded positive results in the social and economic fields, as well as some undesirable results. In the health sector, the economic crisis has mainly reduced the availability of resources and has adversely affected some health determinants and some aspects of the population's health status. Despite the prevailing economic difficulties, the government is determined to preserve the country's achievements in health, and to develop them still further. The solution is not privatization or the introduction of health insurance systems or similar measures. Rather, Cuba will seek greater rationality and economic efficiency in the health sector. It has ratified the principles that the state should continue to finance the health system and maintain universal coverage and accessibility through free services.

I: COVID-19 pandemic and the politics of risk: Perspectives on science, state and society in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-267
Author(s):  
V. Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Symbolic Resource

Health behaviour of the people is said to be shaped by market forces, scientific or religious institutions or the state. It is pertinent to examine the dominant institutions that shape health cultures in any society, at any given point in time. While public health has not been a priority for the Indian state, the COVID-19 pandemic created an unmistakable opportunity for state regulation. It is the argument of this article that the state has been central to the framing of the COVID-19 pandemic and the identification of relevant interventions, such that the borderline between the political and medical is blurred. The influence of these institutional decisions on the health behaviour of the people indicates that compliant health behaviour is a symbolic resource for the state in societies like India, irrespective of whether the government actually delivers on its health care delivery.

scholarly journals RELASI NEGARA DAN MASYARAKAT DI ROTE

KRITIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Wilson M.A. Therik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Legislative Body ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government

This article abstracted from dissertation entitled “State and Society’s Relation in Rote”. This article discusses the relation between the state and society in Rote Island. Rote Island (Rote Ndao District) consisted of 19 Kingdom (Nusak) with different culture, language, and customs on each Nusak. Nusak divides the government structure into 3 (three) functions: First is the executive institution body which run custom law, second is the legislative body which make custom law, and third is the judicative body which monitoring custom law. By this condition, Nusak is considered as Ethnic State. From this explanation, Indonesia should be seen as nations state, not as a nation state.

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